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  1. Hello everyone! I found this recently in the Cretaceous of Monmouth County, New Jersey by splitting open a Wenonah concretion (which usually contain bivalves, gastropods and ammonites from time to time). I came across this in one of them and really have no idea what it is. Does anyone happen to know? -Frank
  2. The idea that sensory pits were present in Theropod dinosaurs is not a new one, but for some reason I can't find any information on them and chat GPT says the presence of these structures in dinosaurs lacks fossil evidence. Below I present sensory pits in the jaw of an alligator and in the jaw of Albertosaurus. These pits are also known to be present in the jaws of some birds. In birds and crocodilians these sensory pits are believed to be used to detect vibrations in different substrates ( water for crocodilians and wood/soil for birds) in order to enhance prey detection and capture. My idea for sensory pits in Theropod dinosaurs (the ones that had them) is that they may have been used to detect prey in rotting logs or in shallow burrows. Why would large theropods have them? It is generally believed that young theropods were obviously alot smaller than the adults and probably ate things like insects or small vertebrates. I believe it is very likely that young Theropods used these sensory pits to help them locate these small animals that would be in substrates like wood (rotting stumps?) or soil. It's possible they were able to detect vibrations in the ground from approaching animals as a defense mechanism while they slept. It seems probable to me that these sensory pits may have been retained into adulthood by animals like Albertosaurus, etc...and lost by others. Of course these are believed to be present in piscivores like Baryonyx and Spinosaurus as well, which probably would have used them to enhance their fishing abilities. I intend to do some research into this and see if these sensory pits appear to be more common in juveniles ( where available) and how wide spread they were among Theropods in addition to the implications for feeding habits, etc in these animals as they aged. I would be interested in hearing some of your ideas about this.
  3. Hello, everyone! Below are a few finds from the North Sulphur River and Post Oak Creek, and I’d love to get some help with identification. The ruler is in centimeters. 1. This first picture includes two mammal teeth (top two)(fossilized or no?), ???, and a small bone that appears to be fossilized. these were found at Post Oak Creek. 2. This bone was found at the North Sulphur River. 3. Nautilus found at NSR. Could anyone help with identifying the species? 4. Jaw fragment? Found at NSR. 5. Coprolite? It appears to have fragments of bone(?) in it. Found at NSR. 6. I found this tooth at NSR a while back, but someone recently IDed it as Latoplatecarpus (mosasaur). I can’t find too much literature on Latoplatecarpus; could anyone give me more information on this tooth and the animal it comes from? Thank you!
  4. Hey guys! reposting this with better description and High res pictures with a better camera and measurements. Found this near a natural spring on a hill cliff side in central Texas on the surface after clearing trees from land on the side of a hill kinda of cliff like and eroded. the specimen is hard and heavy, lots of porus holes(see pics) did the lick test and seems like more of a a fossil thank a rock but Im a newbie. i did some recon on the geologic data base for rock type and time period in my area and added that in the images. it tells a little bit about the geological makeup here. Im kinda on the border of two of them. any thoughts are much appreciated and thank you all so much for your time.
  5. It was hard to believe that six years had passed since I last visited the badlands of the San Juan Basin...if you are interested, I posted a few of those previous trips here and here. With a new field season upon us, @Opuntia and I made our first (of hopefully many) exploratory mission to the Upper Cretaceous Kirtland/Fruitland badlands of the SJB... ...so interesting and beautiful. I am looking forward to getting back up there to see what may lie around that next bend. Until then, Happy hunting. -P.
  6. Oklahoma 2 After heavy rains arrived the afternoon of my first day fossil hunting, I headed further south and west in hopes of better weather conditions on day two. My decision was to overnight in Waurika and then check out a Lower Permian site in the area. To my surprise, no motel or restaurant existed in town, so I had to backtrack 40 miles to satisfy my belly and find a place to sleep. Not a good start. In the morning, I headed to a popular easy pickings spot to spend the morning at. What I encountered was a water saturated landscape. Quicksand mud was everywhere after the rains of yesterday. In addition to the problematic mud, the terrain was interspersed with rough rugged reddish Mars like rocks. I made it out to the exposure, only to be disappointed that finds were almost nonexistent. A little Malachite and a few possible fossils were all I could find in areas able to be traversed by foot. Those that suggested me to be on my hands and knees will be disappointed that I did not follow their advice due to the mud. 1. This was the typical red rock I mentioned. At least some had Malachite attached. 2. Possible plant fossil, and a strong suspicion its from Lepidodendron. 3. Finally, these specimens take on the look of a bivalve and the donut-shaped piece could be a vertebra from Archeria, a Permian amphibian The afternoon would be spent further east along the north shore of Lake Texoma. On the way, I stopped at a small roadcut and collected these fossils. The formation seems similar but a little different than what I saw at the lake. These are the finds from the roadcut. Does anyone have a guess as to the formation these came from? 4. 5.Texigryphaea 6.Texigryphaea 7. 8. 9. 10. Some angles look like turrilites but then another angle looks more like turritella After that short stop, it was off to the lake. Research at home showed a suggested public access road down to the lake. In reality, it was gated off and signage for trespassers to be prosecuted. As I turned around in disappointment, a gentleman was walking on the road. I stopped and asked if my directions to this site were correct. He verified it was but then told me of public land close by that if I didn’t mind a long walk, would take me to my desired location. I took his suggestion and after a vigorous downhill walk, arrived at the lakeshore. Water levels were low, exposing quite a bit of rocky shoreline. Oyster, bivalves and ammonites were everywhere. Unfortunately the nice ammonites were too large to drag back up the hill, let alone fit in my suitcase for the trip home. So representative pieces were collected as a remembrance of the area. Once home, I felt these specimens fit the Cretaceous Duck Creek Formation. 1. 2.Texigryphaea 3. 4. Plicatula. 5. 6. 7. This specimen is likely rock, but mimics a fossil enough to let those familiar with the area give their thoughts. 8. 9. A smooth large ammonite. Are those oyster attachments on its one side? 10. 11. The only small ammonite found, a tiny Mortoniceras. 12. 13. Smooth ammonite 14. This is the largest chunk of ammonite collected. I stumbled on another complete Eopachydiscus that appeared to be 2.5 to 3 feet across laying on the beach appearing to have been prepped out. It took all my might to even flip it over to examine the other side. My suspicion is that the owner of this ammonite ran out of steam and decided to just leave it on the beach. I also left it for someone stronger than I.
  7. Frightmares

    Aguja Formation Tooth ID

    Found this tooth in my Aguja Formation micro matrix. It's about 6mm in length. I know it's in really rough shape, and I actually broke it in half attempting to get pictures of the distal/mesial sides. Can anyone give me an idea of what it may be? Could it be a theropod tooth? I don't see any evidence of serrations on either side. Sorry if the pictures are not the best. It was extremely difficult to take pictures, especially after it broke in half. Base of tooth Distal Mesial
  8. Othniel C. Marsh

    Shark Teeth

    I have (finally) got around to going through my Moroccan phosphate shark teeth. I've attempted to identify them but I am still not particularly confident at identifying fossils so I thought I'd run it by the experts first. All the teeth are (supposed to be) from the Eocene, save 4 which is (supposed to be) from the Cretaceous. I attempted to label the images with my proposed identifications but there wasn't enough space for all of them so I'll list them all here: 1. Ginglymostomatid (Nebrius?) 2-3. Hemipristis? 4. Unsure 5. Pristid/Sawfish (Pristis?) 6. Otodontid (Cretalamna?) 7-10. Odontaspidid The lighting is also quite poor on these images as the enamel on the teeth is very reflective and they show up as amorphous white blobs if it's too bright as my phone camera is by no means the best. Thanks in advance for any proposed ID's Othniel
  9. You may or may not know that I have been obsessing over finding a mosasaur vertebra and tooth. I am lucky to live in Texas where fossils are plentiful in some areas but the most productive mosasaur area is still 6 hours drive from me. So I don't get there often and the few times I have.....no verts or teeth for me. I am not complaining (too much) because I have found other great things in the North Sulphur River, but not the mosie vert or tooth of my dreams. I am lucky to have friends who hunt there regularly who feel sorry for me and give me verts and even a lovely big tooth. But I DIDN'T FIND THEM. I do know that mosie stuff can be found in Central Texas where I live (thanks to @Jared C and his amazing adventures) I know they can be found (although very rarely) in our local creeks and such. So of course I keep an eye out while hunting but with no real hope of finding them. But I hope anyways! Which brings me to today....which I count as part of my birthday weekend (birthday was Friday, but you know.....weekend still counts! ). Went out on a little fossil hunt to a new site that a friend told me about...lots of baculites (which are relatively rare here in Central Texas) and lo and behold.....I FOUND MY VERT! And not two feet away....a little tooth! Mother Nature decided to gift me not just one, but TWO of my bucket list fossil finds today! Granted, they are pretty busted up and the tooth is not complete, but WHO CARES! I FOUND A MOSASAUR VERT AND TOOTH practically in my own backyard!!!! Turns out this little exposure is Ozan Formation and I can't wait to get back out there again....after a good rain! And, to top it off, found a complete ammonite in addition to some lovely gastropods and about a billion baculites. It's no mosie in situ, but I'll take what I am gifted. Thank you Mother Nature!!!
  10. Geo-Reinier

    Unknown fossil

    Geology: Seaford Chalk Formation Period: Cretaceous Location: Caversham, Berkshire, England
  11. Deborah S.

    Please help identify bone

    This bone was found on top of gravel in a southern New Jersey stream bed (Mantua township) where Cretaceous fossils are often found. It's a couple of miles away from the Rowan Fossil Park. This stream cuts through the same 8 inch green marl layer they find their fossils in and close to Ceres Park where Cretaceous fossils (including a dryptosaur) are found. I've found recent while tailed deer fossils in this same stream bed as well, though. I've also found 2 pieces of crocodile scute and other Cretaceous fossils Rowan identified for me pre-COVID. Please let me know what you think. I can attempt better pictures, if needed, but all I own is a cell phone camera.
  12. JamieLynn

    A Fossil A Day.....

    A Fossil A Day....keeps the blues away! Or something like that... I started an Instragram account (jamielynnfossilquest) and am posting a fossil a day, so I figured I should do that on here, to REAL fossil enthusiasts! I'm a few days behind, so I will start out with a few more than one a day but then it will settle down to One Fossil (but I will admit, I'll probably miss a few days, but I'll double up or whatever.) I'll start with Texas Pennsylvanian era, but will branch out to other locations and time periods, so expect a little of everything! So enjoy A Fossil A Day! Texas Pennsylvanian Fossils: Nautiloid Agathiceras ciscoense Brachiopod Neochonetes acanthophorus Trilobite Ditomopyge sp. Gastropod Straparollus sp. Bivalve Astartella vera Cephalopod Brachycycloceras sp, Brachiopod Cleiothyridina orbicularis
  13. I finally finished out sorting my GMR matrix and I have a few small shark teeth and the like that I’m interested in! 1) 2) 3) 4) Reptile hopefully? 5) hybodont? 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 11) I shared this with Dr. Shimada, who thinks its Cantioscyllium or Plicatoscyllium? 12) 13) Ray crusher plate? 14) Catshark? 15) 16) 17) 18) 19) 20)
  14. Frightmares

    Aguja Formation Vertebra

    I found this vertebra in some Aguja Formation micro matrix. It measures 4mm by 3mm. It's cretaceous in age from Brewster County, Texas. It looks very different from any fish vertebrae that I've ever found. It does seem to have a bit of damage. I'm thinking maybe reptilian. Possibly lizard? What do you guys think?
  15. I was very pleasantly surprised (actually more thrilled to be honest) when I heard about the discovery of the northern tyrannosaurid dinosaur Nanuqusaurus hoglundi from the Cretaceous Prince Creek Formation dating 70.6-69.1 Million Years ago in what is now the U.S. State of Alaska. Image Credit and Source: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260757717_A_Diminutive_New_Tyrannosaur_from_the_Top_of_the_World At first thought to be only 5-6 meters (16-20 feet) in length based on the currently catalogued specimens, it's now believed based on currently undescribed remains to be 8-9 meters (26-30 feet) in length fully grown (compared to the 12.3-12.4 meters (40.4-40.7 feet) in length it's cousin Tyrannosaurus rex could reach fully grown). Image Credit: Artist Nathan Rogers Image Source: https://www.artstation.com/artwork/Z5w900 Fiorillo, A. R., & Tykoski, R. S., 2014. A diminutive new tyrannosaur from the top of the world. PloS one, 9(3), e91287. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0091287 Druckenmiller, P. S., Erickson, G. M., Brinkman, D., Brown, C. M., & Eberle, J. J. (2021). Nesting at extreme polar latitudes by non-avian dinosaurs. Current biology : CB, 31(16), 3469–3478.e5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2021.05.041 https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(21)00739-9?_returnURL=https%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS0960982221007399%3Fshowall%3Dtrue The Tyrannosaurid Nanuqusaurus is also unique as the northern most tyrannosaur known from Western North America (at the time the continent of Laramidia). Adapted to the colder climates of the region, it shared its habitat with a vast diversity of plants, small mammals, and other non-avian dinosaurs including hadrosaurs such as Edmontosaurus, the pachycephalosaur Alaskacephale, the Ceratopsian Pachyrhinosaurus, and a large currently unnamed genus of troodontidae. But it's confirmed geologic range is only during the early Maastrichtian (70.6-69.1 Million Years ago) of the Cretaceous period. Images Credits and Sources: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260757717_A_Diminutive_New_Tyrannosaur_from_the_Top_of_the_World Fiorillo, A. R., and Gangloff, R. A., 2001. Theropod teeth from the Prince Creek Formation (Cretaceous) of northern Alaska, with speculations on Arctic dinosaur paleoecology. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 20(4):675-682 Image Credit: Artist Nathan Rogers Image Source: https://www.artstation.com/artwork/Z5w900 The question I have is why this is? Did anything major happen to the habitat of the Prince Creek Formation between the Early-Late Maastrichtian? Did Nanuqusaurus live up to 66 Million Years ago to the latest Maastrichtian of the Cretaceous period?
  16. The Eumaniraptora is a clade of non-avian theropod dinosaurs that first emerged during the late Jurassic period and diversified extensively during the subsequent Cretaceous period (143-66 Million years ago). This group is most famously known as the Raptor dinosaurs (the sister clade of the theropod dinosaurs that gave direct rise to the birds), consisting of mostly small to mid sized theropod dinosaurs. There are a few species though that exceed the typical small-medium size range for the raptor dinosaurs. Only a few giant raptor dinosaurs are currently known. But recent discoveries over the past few decades have demonstrated large raptor dinosaurs were less of an exception in Cretaceous ecosystems than previously thought. Here is a list of all the currently known giant Eumaniraptora from the fossil record which hopefully can expand our understanding the vital roles these animals played in the ecosystems they once inhabited. Let me know if I forgot any examples. South America Austroraptor cabazai (Dromaeosauridae - Argentina, South America) (Late Cretaceous (78-66 Million Years ago)) (grew up to 6 meters (20 feet) in length) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2679073/ Antarctica Imperobator antarcticus (Eumaniraptora - part of what is now James Ross Island, Antarctica) (Late Cretaceous (71 Million Years ago)) (grew up to 4 meters (13 feet) in length, note: did not have the iconic pair of sickle shaped claw on its feet like most other Eumaniraptora) https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0195667118300120?via%3Dihub Asia Achillobator giganticus (Dromaeosauridae - part of what is now Mongolia, Asia) (Late Cretaceous (96-89 Million Years ago)) (grew up to 5 meters (16 feet) in length) Perle, A.; Norell, M. A.; Clark, J. M. (1999). "A new maniraptoran Theropod−Achillobator giganticus (Dromaeosauridae)−from the Upper Cretaceous of Burkhant, Mongolia". Contributions from the Geology and Mineralogy Chair, National Museum of Mongolia (101): 1−105. Unnamed Bissekty Formation Giant Dromaeosauridae (Dromaeosauridae (could possible be a species of Itemirus) - part of what is now Uzbekistan, Asia) (Late Cretaceous (92-90 Million Years ago)) (based on Specimens CCMGE 600/12457, ZIN PH 11/16, grew up to 5.5 meters (18 feet) in length) https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263891965_Dromaeosauridae_Dinosauria_Theropoda_from_the_Bissekty_Formation_Upper_Cretaceous_Turonian_of_Uzbekistan_and_the_phylogenetic_position_of_Itemirus_medullaris_Kurzanov_1976 https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/geological-magazine/article/abs/giant-dromaeosaurid-theropod-from-the-upper-cretaceous-turonian-bissekty-formation-of-uzbekistan-and-the-status-of-ulughbegsaurus-uzbekistanensis/4543ABAB1EC19C84405EDF66A5F53124 Europe Unnamed Wessex Formation Giant Dromaeosauridae (Dromaeosauridae (specimens for this species could belong to Vectiraptor) - Isle of Wight, Great Britain, Europe) (Early Cretaceous (125 Million Years ago)) (based on Specimens IWCMS.2002.1, IWCMS.2002.3, IWCMS.2002.4., and BMNH R 16510, grew up to 5.5 meters (18 feet) in length) https://www.researchgate.net/publication/222830089_The_first_record_of_velociraptorine_dinosaurs_Saurischia_Theropoda_from_the_Wealden_Early_Cretaceous_Barremian_of_southern_England https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0195667121003712 Unnamed Giant Dromaeosauridae (Dromaeosauridae - Gorodishchenskii District Russia, Europe) (Late Cretaceous (72.1-66.0 Million Years ago)) (based on Specimen VGI. no. 231/2, grew up to 5.8 meters (19 feet) in length) https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235806763_Carnivorous_dinosaurs_Saurischia_Theropoda_from_the_Maastrichtian_of_the_Volga-Don_Interfluve_Russia North America Utahraptor ostrommaysi (Dromaeosauridae - Western North America) (Early Cretaceous (135-130 Million Years ago)) (grew up to 5.5 meters (18 feet) in length) https://www.researchgate.net/publication/285714464_A_large_dromaeosaur_Theropoda_from_the_Lower_Cretaceous_of_eastern_Utah Dakotaraptor steini (Dromaeosauridae - Western North America) (Late Cretaceous (66 Million years ago)) (grew up to 5.5 meters (18 feet) in length) https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283655219_The_first_giant_raptor_Theropoda_Dromaeosauridae_from_the_Hell_Creek_Formation Unnamed Marshalltown Formation Giant Dromaeosauridae (Dromaeosauridae - Eastern North America) (Late Cretaceous (72.1 Million Years ago)) (based on Specimen NJSM 14158, grew up to 5.5 meters (18 feet) in length) https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327117985_The_distinctive_theropod_assemblage_of_the_Ellisdale_site_of_New_Jersey_and_its_implications_for_North_American_dinosaur_ecology_and_evolution_during_the_Cretaceous https://terpconnect.umd.edu/~gdouglas/raptor/index.html Unnamed Tar Heel Formation Giant Dromaeosauridae ((Dromaeosauridae - Eastern North America) (Late Cretaceous (78.5-77.1 Million Years ago)) (Based on Specimen YPM.VPPU.021397, grew up to 3.4 meters (11 feet 2 inches) in length) https://peerj.com/preprints/26829/ Alaska Troodontid (Troodontidae (could be a species of Troodon or a new genus in Troodontidae) - Prince Creek Formation Alaska, Western North America) (Late Cretaceous (70.6-69.1 Million Years ago) (grew up to almost 4 meters (13 feet) in length) https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236632883_On_the_Occurrence_of_Exceptionally_Large_Teeth_of_Troodon_Dinosauria_Saurischia_from_the_Late_Cretaceous_of_Northern_Alaska Latenivenatrix mcmasterae (Troodontidae - Dinosaur Park Formation, Alberta Canada, Western North America) (Late Cretaceous (75.5 Million years ago)) (grew up to 3.5 meters (11.5 feet) in length) https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/bitstream/1807/78296/1/cjes-2017-0031.pdf Unnamed Mount Laurel Formation Giant Dromaeosauridae (Dromaeosauridae - Eastern North America) (Late Cretaceous (72.1 Million Years ago)) (based on Specimen NJSM GP 22949, grew up to 3.4 meters (11 feet 2 inches) in length) https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.191206 What do you guys think?
  17. Amateur Paleontologist and His Dog Uncover Rare Titanosaur Fossil in France Geeta Pillai, BNN, March 4, 2024 Dog Walker's Bone Find Leads to Near-Complete Fossil Titanosaur Skeleton Newsweek, February 14, 2024 Yours, Paul H.
  18. These were sold to me stating they came from the East Bluff area in Newport Beach, California. But research into fossils from that area comes up with late Pliocene material that doesn’t look anything like these. The serrated tooth is especially confusing. Any ideas?
  19. Steve D.

    Tooth Identification Assistance

    Hey all, Looking for input from all the wonderful people I've called upon in the past! I found this tooth in 2022 sifting at GMR. Upon first glance I thought it to be a small dolphin tooth but after digging it out of my collection recently I put it under a higher power magnifier and actually looked at it with attention. I'm starting to believe this maybe a mammal tooth or canine specifically. I've been to GMR many times and have found a distal bone of a mammoth and a hoof bone of an ancient peccary which was identified by the curator of prehistoric animals at the Indianapolis State Museum. Any thoughts on this would be appreciated so I can try to file and put away for safe keeping! Thanks all! Steve
  20. Pigeon

    ID help

    Hi, Any ideas as to what this kind of fossils either of these are ? They are from near Sites, California. I'm not quite sure the age, but based on the age of mudstones in the area, it should be late Jurassic to Cretaceous. Note this is form a bore hole (not surface collected), but I am not positive of depth. Thank you in advance.
  21. Hello all. I was hoping for additional insights on what this may be as well. I know this is a vertebrate bone of Cretaceous age found near block mountain outside of Dillon Montana during a classical mapping trip. On one side of the specimen there is a prominent yet thin plate of bone with a robust ridge along one margin. On the opposite side of the specimen is a rectangular structure which may be a scute or possibly another type of mineralized structure. Any insights are appreciated.
  22. This was my first winter fossil hunting in NJ (or anywhere, as a matter of fact). Definitely a different experience from summer and fall. Less people, and much better fossils! Although the people I have run into were pretty devoted, which I can appreciate. Thought I would document my 4 hunts between December and this past weekend. First up, 12/16. On of my favorite Cretaceous brooks. Found an awesome variety of fossils, one of which turned out to be a Theropod tooth! Group Shot Devonian glacier erratic with Crinoids, Bryozoan and Brachiopod or Bivalve impressions. Gastropod Steinkern Ammonite Steinkern Crustacean claw piece A. phasolus Crusher Tooth Enchodus sp. Tooth w/Jaw fragment Squalicorax sp. (Crow Shark) A. kopingensis (Mackerel Shark) Theropod Tooth
  23. Ever since seeing @sharko69's Monster Texas Cretodus, I've dreamed of owning a very large Cretodus tooth. Well, now I have one, and at 6 3/8" on the slant, I believe it to be world-record sized. (I sculpted this using epoxy putty and colored it with acrylic paint.) The top row below is the tooth prior to painting. Here's an in situ shot.
  24. I have had really a lof of ginkgo-leafs from dakota, but never some like the ones I show. Have been asked about if it is real or not. I would assume it is artwork. comes from US, cretaceous, this is the info I got Size of the leaf is around 10 cm wide (around 4")
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