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I use a common for Lepidodendron, Diaphorodendron, Synchisidendron and some other arborescent lycopods name - Lycopsid. So, big stem fragment of the Lycopsid The middle size stem with two attached branches The leaf cushions shadded from the stem Some close-up samples of the bark Decorticated stem Branche with attached leaves Cone Stigmaria (the root system) inside Bark covered by Microconchida (that's mean underwater time at the sea) And some pictures with great details
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Some Lepidophloios from my collection. All from Pennsylvanian, Donetsk Stem fragment with bark area View of Donetsk from the spoil (site with fossils). Halonia tortuisa - halonial peduncle scars Lepidophloios acerosus Apex of the young Lepidophloios stem
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View of the site Sigillaria Stigmaria Calamites node Calamites goepperty Cordaites leaf and some alive species
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Some more twigs: Branches and branch scars: Leaf scars: and odd meanders at deep decorticated bark/stem level: More examples with Bothrodendron prints and some explanations at this draft paper - https://yadi.sk/d/h1BPFBe73UeXKu
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Bothrodendron is a geterosporous lycopsid from the Middle Carboniferous. It's a tree-sized plant that had a very fine morfolgical details like 1.5 mm size leaf scars. That's why I have noted those things I found just 3-4 year after I began to collect fossils. You can see some specimens below: 1. Thin stem with two attached lateral branches and picture with some graphic explanation: 2. Ulodendroid type of branch scars from the same site: 3. Specimen with piece of bark and cone (probably Bothrodendrostrobus): Cone: To be continued...
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More attached cones: and some sporangia: 4. Bark at different levels of decortication: 5. Thin twig:
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To start I quote some brief information from the Wiki about pteridosperms. The term Pteridospermatophyta (or "seed ferns") refers to several distinct groups of extinct seed-bearing plants. The oldest fossil evidence of plants of this type is of late Devonian age, and they flourished particularly during the Carboniferous and Permian periods. Pteridosperms declined during the Mesozoic Era and had mostly disappeared by the end of the Cretaceous Period. Nowadays, four orders of Palaeozoic seed plants tend to be referred to as pteridosperms: Medullosales, Lyginopteridales, Callistophytales and Peltaspermales. I have the specimens for first two ones only. So, go ahead. First group Medullosales - Neuropteris, Alethopteris, Odontopteris, Reticulopteris, Cyclopteris. Most medullosaleans were small to medium sized trees. The largest were probably the trees with Alethopteris fronds - these fronds could be at least 7 metres long and the trees were perhaps up to 10 metres tall. Especially in Moscovian times, many medullosaleans were rather smaller trees with fronds only about 2 metres long, and apparently growing in dense, mutually supporting stands. During Kasimovian and Gzhelian times there were also non-arboreal forms with smaller fronds (e.g. Odontopteris) that were probably scrambling or possibly climbing plants. Neuropteris and Cyclopteris Alethopteris Odontopteris Reticulopteris Second group Lyginopteridales - includ Lyginopteris, Eusphenopteris, Diplothmema, Palmatopteris, Karinopteris, Mariopteris. In most cases the amount of secondary wood was limited suggesting they were stems of scrambling or climbing plants. The stele is surrounded by a zone of cortex, which in many genera contains bands of fibrous tissue. This fibrous tissue often results in distinctive markings on the surface of the stems even when preserved as adpressions and can help with their generic identification: Lyginopteris for instance shows a mesh-shaped patterning on the surface of the stems. Mariopteris
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