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  1. I've had the opportunity to collect in some Mississipian-aged units in Georgia recently. Like neighboring Alabama and Tennessee, Georgia's Mississippian is made up mostly of non-clastic rocks, chiefly limestone and chert, with a few notable exceptions such as the Floyd Shale and Hartselle Sandstone. Although other states might be better known for their Mississippian fauna, Georgia boasts many of the same fossils, and can be a good source for them if you can find the right exposure. So far, I've collected in a few different formations in Georgia; the Fort Payne Chert, the Floyd Shale, what I believe is the St. Louis Limestone, the Hartselle Sandstone, and the Pennington Formation. This is a beautiful, large horn coral, from what I believe is the St. Louis Limestone. An intricately preserved productid brachiopod, also from the St. Louis. A large spiriferid brachiopod from the St. Louis. Another large spiriferid from the St. Louis. And another. I believe this is a fish/shark tooth in a large block of crinoidal St. Louis Limestone. A well-weathered ammonoid from the St. Louis. Multiple corals in a piece of St. Louis Limestone, with a nickel for scale. I believe a part of a trilobite hypostome? Abundant fenestrate bryozoans from the Hartselle Sandstone. A pelycopod from the Floyd Shale. A small spiriferid from the Floyd Shale. And another. Not really sure, but it's from the Floyd Shale. Maybe genal spines or something? Thanks for reading!
  2. Rocksandrocks

    No idea!

    No idea what this fossil is. Found in Northwest Arkansas, where, I believe, it is part of the Boone Formation, Mississippian Period. I’ve checked my fossil ID book, and every scallop-shaped fossil I see has vertical ridges, rather than horizontal. The fossil is just under 2 inches wide (5.08 cm) and one inch tall (2.54 cm). At its deepest point, it has a depth of 1/2 an inch (1.27 cm). It has a deep ridge in the center and a circular spot at its deepest point (seen most clearly in the second to last photo). Thanks for your help! Addendum: Just discovered that the circular spot was some kind of sediment that washed away when I was trying to clean that area of the fossil. Under the sediment was a slightly deeper cavity, making the depth of that spot closer to 3/4 of an inch. Added two new pictures with the sediment washed away.
  3. icycatelf

    Possible brachiopod

    Found this in the rocks used to repair our road. Larger and narrower than any of the brachiopods I've found so far. Is it even a brachiopod at all? I assume the rock originated in the same formation as what I've found around the railroad tracks and in my driveway gravel, which I've been told came from the Slade Formation (Mississippian).
  4. I am looking for a guide for the identification of Mississippian Period shark teeth , Assisstance appreciated
  5. JimTh

    Mississippian gastropod?

    Found this guy in crumbly shaley stuff, Monroe County, Indiana. The rippling shape reminds me a lot of a modern oyster shell. Closest thing I can match online is platyceras, but I don’t see any like this. The large associated crinoid plates are about 1/2” diameter for size reference. Is this worth prepping out and trying to glue together/consolidate?
  6. Cracked this open and found an interesting pattern. Is this evidence of a fossil within this limestone? If so what could it be? See the thin strands alongside the main “stem”. Why is the outer layer this color? Some pictures have had the contrast and saturation adjusted to aid with identification I’ve only been searching for and studying fossils and rocks for not even a year. Teach me all the things! The fossils that I’m familiar with in this area aren’t matching up. found near Beaman Park - north west Davidson County, Tennessee. This area has features of the western highland rim not so much of the central Basin (is what Google says) thanks! Sarah (This is my first post! I’ve been wanting to post many things for a long while but haven’t gotten up the nerve so be nice:)
  7. I found this strange fossil near Sand Springs on the Arkansas River of Northeast Oklahoma back in 2013 or so. I was told by multiple sources that it appears to be a chunk of seabed. Is this from the Devonian/Mississippian period? Can anyone ID any of the fossils on this piece? Any help would be greatly appreciated! Thanks! I have a few other specimens I would love to identify as well! :)) ~Noah Benzing
  8. sheetmetaldad95

    NE Oklahoma Fossil Deposits

    Hey everyone, I've been trying to plan a little trip for me and my family to go on a little fossil hunt. I live in Bartlesville Oklahoma and I have several nice places I can go to find fossils all over. Mainly mississippian and Pennsylvanian. I'm looking for areas within an hour or so drive from where I live. I'm aware of the pliestocene finds in the arkansas river in tulsa area. I'd love for someone to send me maps or geologic surveys showing what areas in the topography, and other recomendations. Places I've been to worth noting: Kaw Lake spillway, Ponca City (good shells everywhere) Bartlesville Mound (excellent source of Chrinoids and some bits of coral) Hudson lake (Bartlesville water source, 1- chrinoid calyx found, tons of bivalves and other shells) Turkey Creek, Bartlesville (uncountable amounts of horn coral)
  9. As I have been researching large ctenacanthiform sharks from North America, I've been wondering if there are any known globally that are currently unnamed. I definitely know of the large Ctenacanthiformes Saivodus stratus (found in both what is now North America and Great Britain), the large Ctenacanthiform from the Permian Kaibab formation in Arizona, and the 'Texas supershark' (a likely large species of Gilkmanius) from the Pennsylvanian Texas Graham formation (all three as larger or larger than an adult Great White Shark (Carcharodon carcharias)). But are there any large ctenacanthiformes (at least in size comparable to a modern day adult Great white shark (Carcharodon carcharias)) currently unnamed that are also known? Ctenacanthiformes are known from North America, Greenland, Europe, Asia, and South America. https://www.mindat.org/taxon-P34476.html Even though study of Ctenacanthiformes as a whole is just starting to become more through within the past few decades, I'm wondering if anyone on the forum is aware of any currently unnamed Ctenacanthiform fossils from areas outside of North America of Great White Shark (Carcharodon carcharias)) size?
  10. As I was recently doing some research on the prehistoric shark genus Cladodus, I came across some info that classifies the genus as a member of the family Cladoselachidae, Order Cladoselachiformes. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cladoselachidae This is somewhat confusing to me as mindat and the Paleontological Database aka fossilworks list Cladodus as a member of the family Ctenacanthidae, Order Ctenacanthiformes. https://www.mindat.org/taxon-8657177.html http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=104838 I'm personally leaning more towards Cladodus being a member of at least the Ctenacanthiformes. But I'm curious what are the origins of this taxonomic confusion on the genus Cladodus's phylogenetic placement in the Chondricthyan family? Is Cladodus a member of the Cladoselachiformes or Ctenacanthiformes? What do you guys think?
  11. Back in June, I posted this Burlington crinoid, wondering if it was worth prepping out. Responses were fairly cool except to say it may be worth a bit of exploration to see. @Ptychodus04 volunteered to give me a hand. He was instructed to put about an hour of work into it and then return the crinoid to me. His resulting exposure left me with the nagging question of do I go further. It was not worth professional prepping, so all summer and fall it sat on my desk begging to receive some attention. This week, I grabbed the specimen and kept whittling away at the matrix until I was satisfied. Does anyone have any suggestions on what type of crinoid I have? It is LARGE! 11cm long with each of the 3 columns at or a bit over 1 cm wide. It came from the Burlington Formation/ Mississippian, very likely the fish layer that separates the Burlington from the Keokuk. A little of the calyx surface features can be seen in the center of the next photo. The bumpy surface is more prominent in person than can be seen in the picture. Finally, as an extra tidbit, there were multiple teeth in the matrix. I saved the ones in this corner.
  12. During the early part of the Serpukhovian stage of the Mississippian period, Carboniferous era around 330 Million years, a mass extinction occurred that wiped out between 13-39% of marine genera. Stanley, S. M. (2016, October 3). Estimates of the magnitudes of major marine mass extinctions in earth history. pnas.org. Retrieved December 30, 2022, from https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1613094113 McGhee, G. R., Sheehan, P. M., Bottjer, D. J., & Droser, M. L. (2012, February 1). Ecological ranking of Phanerozoic biodiversity crises: The Serpukhovian (early Carboniferous) crisis had a greater ecological impact than the end-Ordovician. Geology. Retrieved December 30, 2022, from https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geology/article-abstract/40/2/147/130800/Ecological-ranking-of-Phanerozoic-biodiversity?redirectedFrom=fulltext Its causes are still currently unknown and most marine genera groups recovered in the Pennsylvanian period. But I'm curious about the impacts this extinction event had on the diversity on Ctenacanthiformes and other Chondricthyian groups from the time and their subsequent recovery? What do you guys think? @Elasmohunter @Fossildude19 @deutscheben What do you think?
  13. The Ctenacanthiformes are an impressive group of prehistoric sharks, emerging in the Devonian period before surviving the two Devonian extinction events that gave rise to the Carboniferous. During the Carboniferous, the Ctenacanthiformes diversified rapidly, even becoming some of the Carboniferous Oceans Apex Predators. But of all the members of this impressive (yet almost unknown to the general public) group, two species stand out as especially impressive and awe inspiring - Saivodus striatus and the Graham formation Gilkmanius (this species currently doesn't have a name yet). Duffin, C. J., & Ginter, M. (2006). Comments on the Selachian genus Cladodus Agassiz, 1843. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 26(2), 253–266. https://doi.org/10.1671/0272-4634(2006)26[253:cotsgc]2.0.co;2 Ivanov, A. O. (2005, September 1). The revision of "Cladodus" occidentalis, a late Palaeozoic ctenacanthiform shark. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. Retrieved December 29, 2022, from https://www.academia.edu/49013029/The_revision_of_Cladodus_occidentalis_a_late_Palaeozoic_ctenacanthiform_shark Artist reconstruction of the skeleton and size of the Graham formation (Upper Pennsylvanian, Carboniferous) Gilkmanius sp. By J. Maisey. Image Source: https://www.amnh.org/explore/news-blogs/research-posts/ancient-supershark-fossils-found-in-texas Maisey, J. G., Bronson, A. W., Williams, R. R., & McKinzie, M. (2017). A Pennsylvanian ‘supershark’ from Texas. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 37(3). https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2017.1325369 Artist reconstruction of an Adult Saivodus striatus and its size compared to an adult Human and adult Great White Shark (Carcharodon carcharias) by artist HodariNundu. Image Source: https://www.deviantart.com/hodarinundu/art/Super-Sized-Saivodus-866628428 Hodnett, J.-P. M., Tweet, J. S., & Santucci, V. L. (2022, August 8). The Occurrence of Fossil Cartilaginous Fishes (Chondrichthyes) within the Parks and Monuments of the National Park Service. researchgate.net. Retrieved December 30, 2022, from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/362806168_THE_OCCURRENCE_OF_FOSSIL_CARTILAGINOUS_FISHES_CHONDRICHTHYES_WITHIN_THE_PARKS_AND_MONUMENTS_OF_THE_NATIONAL_PARK_SERVICE Both were giant members of the Ctenacanthiformes and were on par in size with the largest Great White Sharks (Carcharodon carcharias) (which can reach lengths of 20 feet). But the question I have is which species was bigger (in weight and in length)? Which one was the biggest of the Ctenacanthiformes? @Elasmohunter @BobWill @connorp @deutscheben @jdp What do you think?
  14. I've recently been trying to locate some new fossil sites (particularly those of Mississippian age) to go to and I found some places that might seem interesting. I found them looking at a slightly old geologic map of Illinois and I was wondering if anyone can tell me where exactly these locations are and if they are particularly fossil rich? https://www.mindat.org/loc-14607.html
  15. Hey all, I could use some specific feedback on this visual guide I'm working on for the diverse blastoid fauna of the Burlington Formation (Mississippian, Mississippi Valley / Illinois Basin). The job of these 3 pages is to show, on each page, one of the three standard views for all Burlington species. Specifically I'd like to ask whether you prefer the horizontal layouts or the vertical ones. For some reasons I prefer vertical, while for other reasons I prefer horizontal. What do you think? Please keep in mind that these are not the only pages in the complete visual guide -- most of the rest of the guide shows all views for a given species together on a single page. Yet other pages show the relative or absolute sizes of the various species. You can view all the pages of this work in progress at tinyurl.com/burlblastguide Thanks for your feedback! HORIZONTAL VERSIONS: VERTICAL VERSIONS:
  16. Recently, I've been thinking about conducting an exploratory fossil hunting trip in the St. Louis area of Missouri. I've never been there before, but I've heard there is a lot of caves and limestone outcrops near the city. I've also heard there is a decent amount of Ordovician and Mississippian fossils in the area. I'm just wondering if anyone's been fossil hunting in the St. Louis area before and what fossils can be found there?
  17. While looking for Mississippian Period shark teeth, I split a hash plate and found this fossil. The fossil is one inch in length. Your assistance is appreciated.
  18. Yesterday, I went to Cedar Creek Lake to look for crinoids. As I walked to one of my favorite locations , I found the fossil pictured below. You help in identifying it is appreciated.
  19. FossilNerd

    Carboniferous Bivalve

    I’ve been going through the finds from my recent(ish) outing with fellow TFF member @Jeffrey P and remembered that I promised Jeff to post this little bivalve. To my knowledge it’s the first inflated and relatively complete bivalve that he or I have found at one of our favorite hunting spots. Any previously suspected bivalve has been fragmented or deflated and damaged beyond definitive identification. It is from the Glen Dean Limestone formation of the Leitchfeild Kentucky area which is Carboniferous (Mississippian) in age. It’s tiny, but was one of the top finds of the day. Literature is sparse to non-existent on bivalves for this formation and bivalves are not my forte. Any ideas? Please disregard the little bit of shell jammed under the corner in the next two pictures. It’s only there to hold the bivalve at a better angle. The hinge line needs some cleanup to expose it better, but it’s so small and delicate that I am hesitant to do much.
  20. New Albany shale Nodule find, 1c is 1 cm, 1b is about 3mm of the same speciman showing some small spines, 1a showing spines in the right endof the same speciman, any info appreciated. I am assuming a fish tooth.
  21. Possible tooth or bone From the Top of the New Albany Shale, Floyd County Indiana. Found by splitting nodules. The 2 micro photos are detail of the texture, it appears there was a void between the dark areas of the 2 halves. In closer inspection it appears the tip is more pointed and folded under itself. Any Ideas? Thanks.
  22. Th13teen13

    Mississippian Shark

    I need help 2 give an id 2 this fossil it is from The Mississippian age found in Harrodsburg Limestone Formation Washington County, Indiana On the tag is saying it is Orodus which wasn’t around at that time and wasn’t a Hybodont Someone Who works with lots of Carboniferous fossils said it could be a Saivodus root(maybe upside down) what do you think. The root/tooth is about 0.75 cm in size what do you think ? The bottom picture is a fossil of a Saivodus
  23. Here's a tooth I bought with several other specimens from the same locality (Upper Burlington Limestone, Biggsville, Henderson County, Illinois) back in the 90's. It has smooth enamel and is 1 1/2 inches (37mm) along its longest dimension. I have another tooth much like it but it is much smaller and I've seen other teeth like it but this one is the largest I've seen. Years ago, one collector thought it could be Chomatodus but that doesn't match what I see elsewhere. I think it is a tooth form that has been tentatively identified as Orodus or a relative in the past but I don't know Carboniferous teeth like I know Cretaceous-Cenozoic teeth. This may be a lateral tooth of a taxon with different anterior teeth.
  24. Tales From the Shale

    NW Alabama

    Formation: Bangor Limestone Age: Mississippian Found this location in a remote area of Alabama recently. I Haven't hunted the Bangor in awhile, so I gave it a shot. A fragmentary calyx. Northern Alabama seems to be teeming with these, as I found 8 others in a nearby locality as well. A complete, but squashed roller of a Kaskia? Fenestrella are found commonly articulated with their fans here. This was the best individual I found. My guess is these are Spyroceras? All of my nautiloids come from the Ordovician, so these are unqiue for me. I'm not certain I know what these are. Could be a bryozoan? Bacterial structure? Steinkern? These are sponges I believe, species unknown. Composita brachiopods: Unknown productids: Next are some new brachiopods I have yet to identify. Oh, and here is a brachiopod with an exposed brachidium. Finally here are some blastoids with weird preservational attributes.
  25. Lucid_Bot

    Any Chance Dating These Crinoids?

    I was searching around a local stream when I found some limestone with dozens of crinoid stems. I can't say what the formation is as I think they rolled down a hillside which had foreign limestone blocks to prevent erosion. If they are native, they would be Pennsylvanian Glenshaw Formation. Each of them has stellate lumens and many have a pinkish hue. Can anyone tell me what variety of crinoid and is it possible to discern the period? Thanks.
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