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Hi guys I’ve got a few more mosasaur teeth here I think this is the last few! Thanks again for your help @Praefectus @pachy-pleuro-whatnot-odon 1. This one’s in a bit of jaw bone, the striations aren’t so pronounced but maybe still gavialimimus 2. a more posterior or pterygoid gavialimimus? 3. yet another one! This one is a bit more angular though 4. reminds me more of a croc tooth actually!

Hi guys got a few more for idenitification thanks for your help 1. this was broken in shipment and is completely hollow even the root is this normal? The rounded cross section makes me think T.atrox 2. slightly more compressed, eramiasaurus? 3. gavialiminus? 4. another gavialiminus, any idea why both of these are so compressed? Preservation?

Hi guys got a few more mosasaur teeth with unconfirmed identities 1. slightly pathological M,beaugi ? 2. faceted, eramiasaurus?

Here are the two fragments I found in Ramanessin of what i believe to be mosasaur. the right one im unsure of, i still think its a cretaceous reptile. the left one, I am more certain is a mosasaur. but let me know what you think!

Hello, I'd love to know your opinion about these reptilian vertebrae coming from the lower santonian of northern Spain. Fisrt photo is view from above and second from beneath I've made some guesses about this piece, and I hope some of you could give me your opinion about them. Here come muy guesses: -Taken that it comes from clear ancient marine strata, its general morfphology and its Santonian age, I think it probably is a mosasaur vertebrae. The problem is that there hasn' been any mosasaur reports in these places, basically because vertebrate remains are really rare and fragmented -Supposing that the mosasaur ID is correct, the next logical step would be trying to discover which kind of vertebrae it is. In the second photo, its beneath view, you can see a big spherical gap (it is highlighted in picture 3), and from it, I'veguessed this vertebra cannot be a dorsal, nor a caudal, because the chevrons there are conected to the vertebrae by a symetrical paired haemal arches (so not a big notch in the center) I have related this spherical gap with the small chevron like bones which kind of appear beneath some mosasaur cervicals. To show clearer what a I refering to, picture 4 is a higlighted image of this bone I am refering to So, so far, I've guessed I'm dealing with a mosasaur cervical vertebra I would love to know what are your opinions about these guesses and, also, if there's a detalied mosasaur vertebrae monograph I could go for Thanks in advance!!!! Cheers

Perhaps the most definitive, lasting project I've had during my short time in paleo is the excavation and study of a basal mosasaur skeleton my step brother and I found in September of 2021 (If you missed it, it's in my blogs on my profile). The site is on a fairly inconspicuous outcrop of the Eagle Ford formation, in a zone that's atypical for the upper eagle ford, as the rock itself is very condensed compared to what is usual for the upper kef. Notably, while Mosasaur material is very, very rare in the kef (kef is an abbreviation for the Eagle Ford formation), it pokes out with greater frequency here - I have found two other Isolated Mosasaur teeth there before. Both @LSCHNELLE, a geologist who is very familiar with the Eagle Ford, and a paleontologist that I'm working with have made this observation about this atypical site. Between the three of us, we weren't sure there was another exposure like it elsewhere. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Over spring break, I was in need of some good luck (after losing the transmission in my new car ), so, finding myself back using my parents car, I made a drive to spot I had scouted a year ago, expecting to see the massively steep Ozan exposure I had spotted from a distance before. Upon arrival, I was greeted with those gorgeous grey shales in all their glory. Upon closer inspection though, I was surprised to realize that things weren't as they seemed. The shales were lighter than the Ozan, and physically much harder. I was suppressing exciting pangs of recognition for a few seconds, but it soon became very clear that this massive vertical exposure was an outcrop of that same lithologically atypical zone of the Eagle Ford that produced our Mosasaur. What's more, this site is many miles away, and mapped as a completely different geologic group. It appears that through upfaulting, a cross section of this zone shot through the layers of earth above it, standing as an Island of the Turonian in a sea of much younger rocks. One feature of the Eagle Ford (or any formation for that matter) is that the bulk of the rock is barren, only interrupted by small intervals of great fossiliferous accumulation. This stood to be true at this site as well, so I set about chasing those shelly lenses that caught my eye and changed my path of life over a year ago. It didn't take long before I came to a shell lens a couple inches thick. One con of this site being a vertical cliff is that I can't peel slabs up as I can at its sister site, so I had to slowly chip into the lens, one piece at a time. Here are some finds that resulted: Small shark vertebra Fish vertebra An oddity, insitu in the middle of the shelly lens. Try your guess first Upon removal: A really lovely Ptychodus tooth that I suspect is the unpublished species also found at our mosasaur site. Since the species has not been described yet, I can't fairly quote any exact morphological features to cement my ID, but I've seen enough by now to "know the look", and have had several of these teeth confirmed by Shawn Hamm. This tooth was one of the best fossils I could find to confirm the comparison to the atypical kef mosasaur site. Here's another view: Shortly after, I distracted myself from hammering out small chunks of the lens and took a peak under the one tiny 3D protrusion of the lens that there was. Under a ledge only a few inches wide sat a fossil that made my heart skip a beat: The tip had fallen off, likely from hammer vibrations since I chiseling not far away. But, undeterred, I extracted the slab and was met with an imperfect, though still beautiful sight. To find a mosasaur tooth after removing what was in total less than a gallon bag of slabs made for an exciting day. Though broken, a basal mosasaur is a basal mosasaur, who can complain? I was especially excited that this lightning fast find came from a new site - meaning there might just be what I'll happily nickname a "Kef mosasaur lens" that transcends beyond the boundaries of our original site. Any trip where you walk away pondering those things is a good one

Found these 3 fossils 1ft apart from each other at bottom of a hill. Are the 2 vertebrae from the same area of the body as the mosasaur paddle arm bone? What's the chance this is all from same 1 animal? If so I might try looking for where they came from. Is there a technique to removing a side of a hill to find the source? Thanks

Hola, necesito ayuda para poder determinar la especie de este fósil, procede del sur de Marruecos y está encajado en una pieza de 155cmx 113cm, sabemos que petenece a la familia Mosasauridae pero tenemos dudas con respecto al género y si es un adulto o una cría. (Translation added and post moved...) Hello, I would appreciate your help to identify a fossil, it comes from southern Morocco and is embedded in a bed of clay, its measurements are 155cmx113. We've been told it's a Mosasaurus, but we have some doubts about the genus.

Hello, I have found in a shop this "mosasaur spine" fossil. Is it a mosasaur? For what I see the vertebras are procoelous which is what you would expect, but I would like some expertise council on this. And moreover is it possible to identify the which type of vertebras are those? And to which mosasaur they belong? The full plate measures 55cm x 20cm and each vertebra measures 8-9cm more or less. It's from Thanks! Edit: It's from morocco.

Hi guys I have these 3 similiar mosasaur teeth that I was wondering if it was possible to identify, are they prognathodon thanks! 1. 2. 3.

Hi, this is being sold as a mosasaur vertebra. Is it? Taging @Praefectus and @pachy-pleuro-whatnot-odon are you are my mosasaur guys .

Hi all, me again, I wanted to share a closeup of the bone fragments that I found in Ramanessin to see if I could get them ID'd further since I know how the brook tends to make fake fossil bones i want to check that the ones I found are real fossil bone 1) the big one, i think it might be a cretaceous turtle shell, it passed the burn, and the lick test. 1A) I believe these are also enchodus jaw fragments. 2) 2A)

Stick around, this one's a read but I'll try to make it fun. So, I have been to big brook last year, and While I enjoyed it, since I went in early feb, the ground was frozen which prevented me from finding much, as the brook was stingy that day. Nonetheless I decided to try my luck with Ramanessin as i heard good things about it. Because none of my family or friends could be bothered, I decided to take a day off work and drive 4 hours to the area and spend the night so I could get the most out of the location. what follows is the result of 2 days straight of fossil hunting. which I will try to tell the story of in order. Day 1 the scoop I arrive at the site a little past 12, choosing to waste no time, I make my way down to the brook and start to sift the gravel. as opposed to when I went to big brook in winter, Ramanessin was generous with her gifts. I found 4 teeth in the first scoop. I took this time to make my way up the stream cutting back and forth sifting every gravel pile I could find. my personal method is to put no more than 5 scoops into the sifter. that was the way to guarantee I got at least something out of it. it was during one of these sifts that I found the curious reptile tooth here. I will be doing a separate fossil id post later of the teeth and bones. but this was one that i knew was something special. I also found this really nice cross section of ammonite. the sutures were beginning to separate, any longer and they would have come undone. It was also this trip that I found these chunks of bone, now I know the brooks have this nasty habit of producing concretions and discoloring modern bones to Look like fossils, but i am 80 percent sure that I found some genuine articles here. Taking the ###### at some point in this day, I decided I needed to pee. so, to avoid being spotted I ducked into a small mouth of a tributary to do my business. while I was wrapping up, something caught my eye, something I couldn't believe. the outline of the Biggest, and likely one of the best lateral goblin shark teeth I have ever found. I was absolutely giddy. after picking it up and doing a little field prep washing it off in the water it was easily 1.8 in. and as the story usually goes as I am looking in this little alcove of gravel, I see the root of yet Another massive goblin tooth root, this time submerged in the dirt. I chanted to myself "please be whole" as I carefully brushed off the tooth to reveal a gloriously intact fossil. easily one of the best and most fortuitous pee breaks i have ever had! It was on my way back that I decided to put the trash bag I brought to good use and pick up the garbage I saw on the way. I'm not going to lie here, I have found it pretty shameful how many shards of glass and cans I would find in this place. But I took it upon myself to fill the shopping bag as best I could. I didn't want to be stuck out in the dark, so I hurried back to the car and dropped the trash in the nearest bin. Lodging back at the motel, I spent the evening cleaning off my newfound loot. I took this time to carefully superglue the ammonite chunk so that I wouldn't lose it. I took one of the plastic cups in the hotel room and cleaned my fossils with it. Day 2 lost sifter After breakfast, I returned to try my luck again, but when I opened the trunk of my car I was met with the absence of my sifter. I t was then that it dawned on me that when I came back to the car I had only my shovel and my trash bag in hand, tricking my brain into thinking i had everything! realizing it was probably lost, I went back to the brook to try my luck surface collecting. The region had received some rain overnight and into the afternoon, and although it wasn't flooding, the water was considerably higher than last time. i was almost discouraged until i noticed something bright blue on the opposite side of the brook... it was my sifter. right where i left it on the top of the overbank. I was so elated I was laughing at my turn of luck. "Hang On! I'm comin!" I yelled at the inanimate object. there was a fallen tree 4 meters from the sifter, so in my full wading gear, I straddled the trunk and shimmied over to the other side and retrieved it. mosasaur it was now that I decided to make my way upstream and sift past the areas that I had already hit. I noticed a few tracks of bootprints here and there. I was initially discouraged by the fact that whoever it was got further than I was hoping they did. but that all went away when as I was sifting through a pile of gravel, I noticed a sheen of blackish enamel. picking it up I realized this was likely yet Another reptile tooth, and the chances that I bagged a mosasaur had effectively doubled. (did I mention yet that this was my 1st time to Ramanessin?) check your spoils as I made my way upstream, I came across the ruins of some old concrete structure in the middle of the brook, either a dam or a bridge foundation of some sort. to my right I saw a large spoil pile. out of curiosity, I started to look at it trying to see if there was anything the previous person missed. and boy was there. I found another huge lateral goblin, and (Pictured separately) a massive sawfish rostral tooth. it was crazy to me thinking about missing not one, but Two easily trip maker sized teeth in your spoil pile. let this serve as a lesson to newbies, to double check spoil piles you see, just because you never know what the last guy missed! crow island I waded and sifted my way upstream past the concrete structure, tactically using my shovel as a sounding stick of sorts and pointing my toes in the direction of the current so as not to lose footing. I stopped just past a footbridge where there was a little island of gravel that had accumulated over the weeks. as I scanned the shore, I saw another trip maker: an absolutely huge Squalicorax prisodontus tooth. it is at this point that I notice that I want alone, there was a group of boys that went bicycling overhead. now, all through the day I was completely alone, talking to myself about the stuff i was finding and being a general silly guy. I'm sure that if anyone came up to me while I was like this, they'd think I was insane. I took this brief encounter as my sign to start heading back to the car. the wade back the wade back I made it a resolution to not sift bit surface collect only. the thing is, that in the hours between when I got there and now, it had stopped raining. and when the rain stopped the waters started to recede after an hour or two. So here I was, walking back to the car past effectively virgin shoreline, with only an hour of sunlight left. I was delaying myself left and right with tooth after tooth that I would find on the shorelines. some being decent sized in their own right! after I returned home, I spent the remaining hours of my sanity cleaning and sorting the finds of the day. this is the total finds for day 2. Aftermath below is the combined total of fossils. of the identifiable items I found approximately 234 goodies over those 2 days. my display case for Cretaceous NJ was looking a little sparse before, but now its looking a little fuller as I am writing this. if you notice any special things in the pictures I missed, please let me know, I love educating myself on these things.

Hello, I bought a Mosasaur Jaw fragment from Morocco at a local expo, at first sight I thought that maybe it's prognathodon sp. but I would like to know your opinion. The jaw has 3 teeth that I could check that belong 100% to the jaw and the other at least seemed to have the same morphology but it's not possible to know if the belogned to the jaw or not. Any way, knowing this I thought the price was fair so I bought it. I have marked with red the teeth that for sure belong to the jaw so it can help with the ID. If it helps with the ID, the teeth have 2 edges, one on each side. On the other hand, do you think that the other teeth has the same morphology and can belong to the same species or even to this specimen? I know that I will never be able to know 100% sure if that's the case. Here is a close up of the 2 big teeth that belong to the jaw:

I think North Texans will relate when I say that now and then, the urge to take a drive out to the NSR and spend the day hunting some Campanian gravel bars can spontaneously take complete hold. I had one of those moments just after the series of heavy rains and powerful winds our region encountered some days ago. Previously, my luck with weather at the NSR had been rather poor. Each time, the temps were either nearing a hundred degrees or only just above freezing, making a full on adventure crossing muddy waters and crawling atop unshaded gravel beds too much to handle. I had yet to experience a proper adventure at this historic site, so I decided that this week would be the one where I changed that. Luckily, my friends @PaleoPastels(Lari) and Cole where kind enough to invite me out to their special spot along the river. After waking up bright and early, I got in my car and followed the rising sun. After jumping out of our vehicles and exchanging brief greetings, we quickly slid our way down to the shale bed and beelined for the first bar. Cole has a bit of an aversion for water, so he stuck around at the entrance for most of the day while Lari and I got our clothes wet hopping from bar to bar. The weather and water temp were absolutely perfect, and the lack of footprints assured us it would be a productive day. It's not often you beat the crowd to a place as popular as this! Although I maintained measured expectations coming in, the sheer variety of strange and interesting fossils/artifacts that are known to come from this area kept me on my toes from the outset. When we arrived to the first bar, we started off strong, picking up a variety of shark teeth. Lari had an eye for them, immediately spotting a few super big Scapanorhynchus texanus, a staple of the Ozan Formation. Despite my protests, she was very generous in donating a few to me due to my limited NSR collection . Finally one I spotted myself! Scapanorhynchus texanus Scapanorhynchus texanus of the day. Some may be Carcharias samhammeri as I am still working on differentiating the two. In between crawling the gravel, I did some sifting which yielded a few interesting specimens including Squalicorax kaupi, Cretalamna sarcoportheta, Carcharias samhammeri, and a vole tooth which I will ignorantly assume to be Pleistocene in age. Cretalamna sarcoportheta, Squalicroax kaupi, and Carcharias samhammeri Sifting also yielded a plethora of shark vertebrae and I was fortunate enough to come across a beautiful spiral shark coprolite. I found one solitary coral which I assume is Trochocyathus sp. Shark verts, shark coprolite, and Trochocyathus sp. As I scanned the gravel looking to spot a complete Cretalamna, I was instead met with the first mosasaur tooth of the day! It was mostly in tact and showed some nice detail. I was relieved to know the entire trip was already made, and I could spend the rest of my time playing with house money. The only other mosasaur tooth previously in my collection has a beat up crown, so this new specimen certainly complements it. Don't know much about mosasaur genera in the NSR, but I will go with Tylosaurus proriger for now. Throughout the day, we also found tons of very large Enchodus fangs and jaw sections. I'm so used to finding these teeth in their miniature forms as I sift for micros, I almost forgot how big they could get. Lari did good with spotting the Ischyrhiza mira rostral teeth and quickly built up a small collection. She was nice enough to give a large one to me. Top: Fused fish vert and Pachyrhizodus tooth. Bottom: Enchodus jaw section and large fangs. Ischyrhiza mira By now we had hopped a couple of gravel bars and there was still plenty ways to go. It took me longer than it should have, but reaching the third bar finally brought me a large tumbled mosasaur vertebra. Not far from it, there was a section of finer gravel. Used to the routine, I once again got close to the ground and began scanning every pebble. After tossing the millionth shrapnel of shark tooth, I finally locked eyes with the most perfect mosasaur tooth I had ever seen. As I picked it up, I could tell something wasn't right, however. Of course the best side was on full display, but the rest of the tooth was cleaved cleanly off. Oh well, at least it'll look nice in pictures. Not long after, I found a second mosasaur tooth that was decently complete and hooked albeit tiny. Two nicest mosie verts. A slice of an exquisitely preserved mosasaur crown. The next oddball find came awhile later. My initial impression was that it might have been a segment of a Xiphactinus tooth, but the curvature suddenly ended along one of the edges of it. At this sudden end, there were two columns of small protrusions running longitudinally. I was debating on throwing it out, but my history of carelessly tossing neat finds convinced me to play it safe and take it home for identification. I'm glad I did because after the hunt, I immediately googled my hunch and it seems to be correct. This is a fragment of a hybodont spine! I wish I could pin down a more specific ID, but the info on them seems limited. I will say that, out of Moss Creek, I had found a tooth belonging to Lonchidion babulskii last year which could be the culprit. Quite an uncommon find for the NSR! Wondering if any shark experts here might have any ideas @ThePhysicist@Al Dente. Hybodont fin spine. Lonchidion babulskii is a candidate. By the penultimate gravel bar, I thought the best finds had surely been made. All day Lari had been talking about how this was THE spot to find Globidens teeth and how every visit she would find at least one fragment. Well, the walkable land was starting to run out and she expressed how disappointing it would be not to come across one that day. I find Globidens to be really interesting, but I think of it as one of those finds I would never expect to make on any given hunt. For me, not finding one would not define the day as a let down. As I was beginning to form those thoughts into words, I reached down to pick up a circular fragment of a tooth with a peculiar texture. Finding the right angle of light soon revealed the undoubted best find of the day: The top of a Globidens sp. crushing tooth! The whole day I had been hallucinating "finding" Ptychodus teeth. Funnily enough, this may very well be the tooth that ended their supremacy as shell crushers of the WIS. Seems too coincidental that Globidens suddenly appears right around the last occurrence of Ptychodus. I wonder if they directly competed Ptychodus out of existence or if Ptychodus went extinct on its own and mosasaurs simply filled in the niche . I don't think the Globidens of the Ozan Formation has been formally described yet. Globidens sp. Mosasaur teeth of the day! Despite having hunted for over a year in the creeks of Austin, I am surprisingly bad at spotting artifacts. Throughout the span of the day, the both of us had found a few chert flakes, but no sign of anything more even as I was trying to make a conscious effort to spot one. On the same bar as where the Globidens sp. was found, I noticed a worked edge of stone so big even someone as archaeologically blind as me could never miss it. Without an ounce of self control, I yanked it from the sand before I could finish yelling the word "arrowhead"! I seriously need to work on milking the moment . I did a little bit of searching online later and found that the point is likely a Darl or Hoxie. Both put its age in the thousands of years! Darl or Hoxie point. It measures 8.5 cm in length. On the way back, we kept our eyes peeled for anything we may have missed. I was sifting random spots of gravel, but not having the most luck. Lari casually handed me rock with a pearly white exterior and triangular shape. It was the most textbook mastodon I had ever seen, but she wasn't very impressed with it. She told me she had many of these already and that nonmarine fossils didn't interest her. I won't say I understand her terrestrial prejudice, but I will withhold my complaints since it meant I had acquired my first significant chunk of proboscidean . Mastodon enamel, mammoth enamel, and vole tooth. We finally reached Cole at the entrance. In our absence he had wondered off the other way and found a neat spider to pique his entomology interests and pocketed a few fossils. We managed to make it out by the mid afternoon, but I was so exhausted and content, I couldn't bother checking out any other spots along the river. The spoils of the hunt were amazing, but most of all I was happy to finally experience a classic hunt on the NSR as I had seen so many post about before. Doing it with a couple of friends made the adventure even better! Sadly this place has got not much time remaining, so those of you who have stumbled upon this post, maybe take it as a sign to give this historic spot one last go before the opportunity floats away. Thanks for reading!

I was finally able to take a trip to the NSR in 2023. We had a good 11 foot rise so I was optimistic. My whole goal this trip was to find a point, I couldn't find one to save my life, I however did find a few cool fossils. I don't know if i just don't have the eye for it or if i am just looking in the wrong places. The last two pictures are of an item im not sure about anyone have an idea? Possibly a set of fused vertebrae with the two end ones broken off? The haul The vert The mosasaur thing The in-situ And the I don't know what this is

Found on Holden Beach, North Carolina. If you need certain measurements let me know, thank you.

Hello everyone! I just got some but I have no idea about it.The only information that seller gave me is those mosasaur bones from Ozan fm, Texas. So I will post some photos of them for you to have a look if you familiar with them and can tell the ID. here are they: Bone 1: Bone 2: Thank you!

Anyway to identify some isolated mosasaur teeth? I got these from one of those little fossil kits when I was a kid. I'm assuming they're from Morocco.

Hi, I have a hard time with the mosasaur tooth Id. Is there some post in this forum from some of the mosasaur experts about the main ways to ID the teeth? Thanks!

Hello, i have some teeth i brought a 12 years ago. I am not sure which species is it. G. alabamaensis ? Age: Upper Cretaceous Location: USA (Forgot the actual site) Size: 8-10mm Thanks

A few of my favorite, smaller, non-dinosaurian Campanian (Cretaceous) finds from last fall on the east coast. Enchodus petrosus fang, Xiphactinus vetus teeth, plesiosaur teeth, mosasaur teeth, Deinosuchus rugosus teeth and osteoderms, Ischyrhiza mira rostral spines and vertebra (I think it’s a vert to I. mira anyways), Cretolamna appendiculata teeth, Archaeolamna kopingensis teeth, Serratolamna serrata tooth, Trionyx spp. carapace plate, Flemingostrea shell, Hybodont cephalic clasper and dorsal spines and teeth, Scapanorhynchus texanus teeth, and Squalicorax pristodontus and kaupi teeth.