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Taxonomy from ŠTAMBERG 2010. Diagnosis (ŠTAMBERG 2010, p.185): “Small aeduellid with elongate body, more slender than in N. rzehaki, not exceeding 75 mm in total length. The total body length being 5 times the head length, and 5.1 times the maximum body height. Length of anal fin slightly shorter than the length of the dorsal fin. Base of the anal and dorsal fins without any field of small scales. Caudal peduncle long. Dorsal scaled lobe of caudal fin orientated at 20–25 degrees relative to the body axis. Frontal/parietal length ratio about 1.1. Orbit large. Small suborbital bones posterior to orbit. Length of maxilla 2.2 times its height. Very small axe-shaped preopercular with vertically orientated anterior margin in its dorsal region. Opercular very tall, its height being equal to that of the subopercular. Opercular-subopercular suture oblique. Two branchiostegal rays. One pair of lateral gular. Posterior margin of trunk scales conspicuously pectinate. Scale count as follows: Line drawing (ŠTAMBERG 2010, p. 194): Identified by oilshale using ŠTAMBERG 2010. References: ŠTAMBERG, S. (2007b). The collection of actinopterygian fishes from the Vrchlabí Formation (Lower Permian, Asselian) of the Krkonoše Piedmont Basin (Bohemia) at the Natural History Museum in Vienna. Acta Musei reginaehradecensis, Série A – scientiae naturales 32, 5–10. ŠTAMBERG, S. (2010). A new aeduellid actinopterygian from the Lower Permian of the Krkonoše Piedmont Basin (Bohemian Massif) and its relationship to other Aeduellidae. Bulletin of Geosciences 85(2), 183–198 (13 figures, 1 table). Czech Geological Survey, Prague.

Originally the fish was described by Agassiz in 1833 under the name Palaeoniscus vratislaviensis. Taxonomy from Štamberg 2021. Diagnosis of Paramblypterus vratislaviensis from Štamberg 2021, p. 77:”. Small fish usually ranging from 100 to 120 mm, exceptionally to 150 mm. The frontal is 3.5 times longer than wide and 2.5 times longer than the length of the parietal. The anterior margin of the frontal is concave medially, interfrontal suture only slightly undulated and without folds, the sculpture on the frontal consists of ridges parallel with the posterior margin of the bone. The dermosphenotic is narrow, elongated anteroposteriorly. The dermopterotic, with lateral process but without posterior process, is narrower anteriorly than posteriorly. The infraorbital superior, dermosphenotic and supraorbital anterior form the dorsal edge of the orbit. The maxilla has a short and high maxillary plate which is convex dorsally, the length/height ratio of the maxillary plate is 1 or less than 1. The operculum is oblong in shape, 1.4 times deeper than it is long. The scales on the anterior part of the body bear fine ridges extending posteriorly to the denticles. Denticulation decreases on the scales in the posterior direction and the last denticulate scale appears in the 13th scale row. A field of small scales occurs along the base of the anal and dorsal fins.” Line drawing from Štamberg 2021, p. 82: Paramblypterus vratislaviensis (Agassiz, 1833). a: restoration of the body in lateral view, scale bar 10 mm. References: Agassiz, L. (1833): Recherches sur les Poissons fossiles. – Aux frais de l’auteur, Neuchâtel, 336 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.4275 Fritsch, A. (1894): Fauna der Gaskohle und der Kalksteine der Permformation Böhmens. 3(3). – Selbstverlag (in Commission bei Fr. Řivnáč), Prag, pp. 81–104. Štamberg, S. (2021): Actinopterygians of the Broumov Formation (Permian) in the Czech part of the Intra-Sudetic Basin (the Czech Republic). – Fossil Imprint, 77(1): 73–101, Praha. ISSN 2533-4050 (print), ISSN 2533-4069 (on-line).

Taxonomy from Fossilworks.org. Emended diagnosis from Dietze 2003, p. 942: "Little ornamentation of parietals, postparietals, extrascapulars, posttemporals, dermosphenotics, supratemporals and supracleithra. Parietals with lateral process. One or two medial extrascapular(s). Additional lateral extrascapulars do not contact opercle. Rostral tapering anteriorly. Sclerotic bones absent. Five `suborbital' bones. Maxillary plate deep. One to three dermohyal bones. `Spiracular' rounded. Eight branchiostegal rays. D-values of scales higher than 2:0: 42 6 2 scale rows along lateral line. Area of serrated scales on body not tapering towards anal fin. Ornamentation of scales fairly prominent." Line drawing from Dietze 2003, p. 942: Identified by oilshale. Reference: Kathrin Dietze (2003): A Revision Of Paramblypterid And Amblypterid Actinopterygians From Upper Carboniferous–Lower Permian Lacustrine Deposits Of Central Europe. Palaeontology 43(5):927 - 966. DOI:10 .1111/1475-4983.00156

References: H. Meyer (1840). Phoca ambiguua, Munster. Beitrage zur Petrefacten-Kunde 3:1-11 R. R. Schoch (2013). The evolution of major temnospondyl clades: an inclusive phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology.

The following classification scheme was adopted: Anderson, J.M., Anderson, H.M., and Cleal, C.J. (2007) Brief history of the gymnosperms: classification, biodiversity, phytogeography and ecology, Strelitzia 20, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria (LINK). Some relevant literature where Hermitia germanica is mentioned: Vischer, H., Kerp, J.H.F., and Clement-Westerhof, J.A. (1986), Aspects of Permian Palaeobotany and Palynology. VI. Towards a flexible system of naming palaeozoic Conifers, Acta botanica neerlandica 35-2, pp. 87–100 (LINK). Lausberg, S., and Kerp, J.H.F. (2000), Eine Coniferen-dominierte Flora aus dem Unterrotliegend von Alsenz, Saar-Nahe-Becken, Deutschland, Feddes Repertorium 111-7/8, pp. 399–426 (LINK).