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  1. A 319-million-year-old brain has been discovered. It could be the oldest of its kind By Amarachi Orie, CNN, February 2, 2023 Scientists Discover 319-Million-Year-Old Fossilized Brain Amada Kooser, CNET, February 1, 2023 The paper is: Figueroa, R.T., Goodvin, D., Kolmann, M.A. et al. Exceptional fossil preservation and evolution of the rayfinned fish brain. Nature (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05666-1 Yours, Paul H.
  2. Greetings, friends. I have some very exciting news on a personal front: My first ever museum donation is this Mazon Creek Belotelsonid, which is going to the Indiana State Museum! Using advice from elsewhere on TFF, I reached out to their team a couple of days ago to ask if they might want it and surely enough they did!
  3. connorp

    Mazon Creek pollen organ

    This concretion opened up recently and I'm pretty stumped. My best guess is that this is a lateral view of some sort of pollen organ, but I haven't been able to find a match in literature. I was hoping someone here might have an idea? @paleoflor @RCFossils @fiddlehead
  4. sheetmetaldad95

    NE Oklahoma Fossil Deposits

    Hey everyone, I've been trying to plan a little trip for me and my family to go on a little fossil hunt. I live in Bartlesville Oklahoma and I have several nice places I can go to find fossils all over. Mainly mississippian and Pennsylvanian. I'm looking for areas within an hour or so drive from where I live. I'm aware of the pliestocene finds in the arkansas river in tulsa area. I'd love for someone to send me maps or geologic surveys showing what areas in the topography, and other recomendations. Places I've been to worth noting: Kaw Lake spillway, Ponca City (good shells everywhere) Bartlesville Mound (excellent source of Chrinoids and some bits of coral) Hudson lake (Bartlesville water source, 1- chrinoid calyx found, tons of bivalves and other shells) Turkey Creek, Bartlesville (uncountable amounts of horn coral)
  5. icycatelf

    Weird Calamites Fossil

    Appears to be several clustered together. I was thinking that it could be the base of the plant, where several stems branched off a shared rhizome (as seen in figure a). Thoughts?
  6. As I have been researching large ctenacanthiform sharks from North America, I've been wondering if there are any known globally that are currently unnamed. I definitely know of the large Ctenacanthiformes Saivodus stratus (found in both what is now North America and Great Britain), the large Ctenacanthiform from the Permian Kaibab formation in Arizona, and the 'Texas supershark' (a likely large species of Gilkmanius) from the Pennsylvanian Texas Graham formation (all three as larger or larger than an adult Great White Shark (Carcharodon carcharias)). But are there any large ctenacanthiformes (at least in size comparable to a modern day adult Great white shark (Carcharodon carcharias)) currently unnamed that are also known? Ctenacanthiformes are known from North America, Greenland, Europe, Asia, and South America. https://www.mindat.org/taxon-P34476.html Even though study of Ctenacanthiformes as a whole is just starting to become more through within the past few decades, I'm wondering if anyone on the forum is aware of any currently unnamed Ctenacanthiform fossils from areas outside of North America of Great White Shark (Carcharodon carcharias)) size?
  7. Fullux

    Arthropleura?

    I'm interested in this Arthropleura fossil and I just want to make sure it's legit. The seller says it's a pleurosegment from the tail of a younger individual. They also point out that there are Mariopteris remains.
  8. As I was recently doing some research on the prehistoric shark genus Cladodus, I came across some info that classifies the genus as a member of the family Cladoselachidae, Order Cladoselachiformes. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cladoselachidae This is somewhat confusing to me as mindat and the Paleontological Database aka fossilworks list Cladodus as a member of the family Ctenacanthidae, Order Ctenacanthiformes. https://www.mindat.org/taxon-8657177.html http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=104838 I'm personally leaning more towards Cladodus being a member of at least the Ctenacanthiformes. But I'm curious what are the origins of this taxonomic confusion on the genus Cladodus's phylogenetic placement in the Chondricthyan family? Is Cladodus a member of the Cladoselachiformes or Ctenacanthiformes? What do you guys think?
  9. From the album: Steinbruch Piesberg (Osnabrück, Germany)

    Sphenopteris coemansii Andrae in Stur 1877

    © T.K.T. Wolterbeek

  10. From the album: Steinbruch Piesberg (Osnabrück, Germany)

    Sphenopteris coemansii Andrae in Stur 1877

    © T.K.T. Wolterbeek

  11. From the album: Steinbruch Piesberg (Osnabrück, Germany)

    Sphenopteris coemansii Andrae in Stur 1877

    © T.K.T. Wolterbeek

  12. From the album: Steinbruch Piesberg (Osnabrück, Germany)

    Sphenopteris coemansii Andrae in Stur 1877

    © T.K.T. Wolterbeek

  13. From the album: Steinbruch Piesberg (Osnabrück, Germany)

    Sphenopteris coemansii Andrae in Stur 1877

    © T.K.T. Wolterbeek

  14. From the album: Steinbruch Piesberg (Osnabrück, Germany)

    Sphenopteris coemansii Andrae in Stur 1877

    © T.K.T. Wolterbeek

  15. From the album: Steinbruch Piesberg (Osnabrück, Germany)

    Sphenopteris coemansii Andrae in Stur 1877

    © T.K.T. Wolterbeek

  16. paleoflor

    Euproops sp.

    From the album: Steinbruch Piesberg (Osnabrück, Germany)

    Euproops sp.

    © T.K.T. Wolterbeek

  17. From the album: Steinbruch Piesberg (Osnabrück, Germany)

    Sphenopteris artemisiaefolioides Crépin 1881

    © T.K.T. Wolterbeek

  18. From the album: Steinbruch Piesberg (Osnabrück, Germany)

    Sphenopteris artemisiaefolioides Crépin 1881

    © T.K.T. Wolterbeek

  19. From the album: Steinbruch Piesberg (Osnabrück, Germany)

    Sphenopteris artemisiaefolioides Crépin 1881

    © T.K.T. Wolterbeek

  20. During the early part of the Serpukhovian stage of the Mississippian period, Carboniferous era around 330 Million years, a mass extinction occurred that wiped out between 13-39% of marine genera. Stanley, S. M. (2016, October 3). Estimates of the magnitudes of major marine mass extinctions in earth history. pnas.org. Retrieved December 30, 2022, from https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1613094113 McGhee, G. R., Sheehan, P. M., Bottjer, D. J., & Droser, M. L. (2012, February 1). Ecological ranking of Phanerozoic biodiversity crises: The Serpukhovian (early Carboniferous) crisis had a greater ecological impact than the end-Ordovician. Geology. Retrieved December 30, 2022, from https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geology/article-abstract/40/2/147/130800/Ecological-ranking-of-Phanerozoic-biodiversity?redirectedFrom=fulltext Its causes are still currently unknown and most marine genera groups recovered in the Pennsylvanian period. But I'm curious about the impacts this extinction event had on the diversity on Ctenacanthiformes and other Chondricthyian groups from the time and their subsequent recovery? What do you guys think? @Elasmohunter @Fossildude19 @deutscheben What do you think?
  21. The Ctenacanthiformes are an impressive group of prehistoric sharks, emerging in the Devonian period before surviving the two Devonian extinction events that gave rise to the Carboniferous. During the Carboniferous, the Ctenacanthiformes diversified rapidly, even becoming some of the Carboniferous Oceans Apex Predators. But of all the members of this impressive (yet almost unknown to the general public) group, two species stand out as especially impressive and awe inspiring - Saivodus striatus and the Graham formation Gilkmanius (this species currently doesn't have a name yet). Duffin, C. J., & Ginter, M. (2006). Comments on the Selachian genus Cladodus Agassiz, 1843. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 26(2), 253–266. https://doi.org/10.1671/0272-4634(2006)26[253:cotsgc]2.0.co;2 Ivanov, A. O. (2005, September 1). The revision of "Cladodus" occidentalis, a late Palaeozoic ctenacanthiform shark. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. Retrieved December 29, 2022, from https://www.academia.edu/49013029/The_revision_of_Cladodus_occidentalis_a_late_Palaeozoic_ctenacanthiform_shark Artist reconstruction of the skeleton and size of the Graham formation (Upper Pennsylvanian, Carboniferous) Gilkmanius sp. By J. Maisey. Image Source: https://www.amnh.org/explore/news-blogs/research-posts/ancient-supershark-fossils-found-in-texas Maisey, J. G., Bronson, A. W., Williams, R. R., & McKinzie, M. (2017). A Pennsylvanian ‘supershark’ from Texas. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 37(3). https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2017.1325369 Artist reconstruction of an Adult Saivodus striatus and its size compared to an adult Human and adult Great White Shark (Carcharodon carcharias) by artist HodariNundu. Image Source: https://www.deviantart.com/hodarinundu/art/Super-Sized-Saivodus-866628428 Hodnett, J.-P. M., Tweet, J. S., & Santucci, V. L. (2022, August 8). The Occurrence of Fossil Cartilaginous Fishes (Chondrichthyes) within the Parks and Monuments of the National Park Service. researchgate.net. Retrieved December 30, 2022, from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/362806168_THE_OCCURRENCE_OF_FOSSIL_CARTILAGINOUS_FISHES_CHONDRICHTHYES_WITHIN_THE_PARKS_AND_MONUMENTS_OF_THE_NATIONAL_PARK_SERVICE Both were giant members of the Ctenacanthiformes and were on par in size with the largest Great White Sharks (Carcharodon carcharias) (which can reach lengths of 20 feet). But the question I have is which species was bigger (in weight and in length)? Which one was the biggest of the Ctenacanthiformes? @Elasmohunter @BobWill @connorp @deutscheben @jdp What do you think?
  22. I've heard recently that the Glen Dean Formation (Carboniferous) outcrops in Illinois are very fossil rich, especially with Invertebrates. However, I haven't heard much about vertebrate fossils coming from that formation. https://igws.indiana.edu/IGNIS/GeoNamesDetails.cfm?ID=805C6AF7-75E2-40C8-A8D2-C7535D35F7C8 Hoenig MMJ - MS Thesis - Chondrichthyan Diversity (Updated) (1).pdf Does anyone know what kind of vertebrate fauna (mainly fish) fossils are found at the Illinois outcrops of the Glen Dean Formation and if it's connected to the Burlington-Keokuk Fish Beds?
  23. I've recently been trying to locate some new fossil sites (particularly those of Mississippian age) to go to and I found some places that might seem interesting. I found them looking at a slightly old geologic map of Illinois and I was wondering if anyone can tell me where exactly these locations are and if they are particularly fossil rich? https://www.mindat.org/loc-14607.html
  24. I recently have been reanalyzing some fossils I found with @Tales From the Shale and another friend on October 8th, 2022 at a Pennsylvanian era roadcut in Oglesby Illinois! One of the specimens I had previously put under a dissecting scope, but was still unsure about its exact ID. I recently took a look at the specimen again a couple days ago and I believe its a partial tooth of a large ctenacanthiform shark. Here is the specimen under a dissecting scope! After a closer look, I noticed the parts of the tooth that could have connected to the medial cusp and lateral cusp on the left side of the tooth. For comparison, I compared the tooth to other Ctenacanthiform teeth, including cusplets section of the teeth (between the medial cusp and lateral cusp). The number of preserved cusplets on the tooth don't seem to match Gilkmanius (which usually doesn't appear to have cusplets between the medial and lateral cusps) or the other reported bond formation ctenacanthiform Heslerodus. The closet match was Saivodus striatus, but I'm not 100% positive on the ID. Below are some comparison images with a Saivodus striatus tooth. https://www.uky.edu/KGS/fossils/fossil-of-the-month_2022-07_Saivodus.php The first image here shows where I think the lateral cusps are (highlighted with green circles) on the specimen (not dissecting scope images). The second image shows where I believe the medial and lateral cusps would have been located (highlighted with green circles) with the right side being where the medial cusp was and the left side where the left lateral cusp was. Here are the same comparison images but with the dissecting scope. I'm sorry if some of the images are really blurry (still trying to fix my phone's camera). But what do you guys think? Do you guys know for the specimen what would be a good ID for it?
  25. I was hoping to get some help identifying these bivalves. They were collected from Pennsylvanian (Desmoinesian) limestones in Illinois. They appear to me to be the same form, but I could be wrong. The shells are fairly featureless. The three specimens range from 0.5cm to 1cm in width.
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