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So, lets figure out vertebrae from the Kem Kem beds. As many of you know the Kem Kem beds has a pretty enigmatic palaeo fauna. There is some literature about it, but not a whole lot. Some of it is behind a paywall and much information is pretty scattered. So I got this idea that maybe we could combine our knowledge and information to collectively get a better picture of which bone belongs to which animal, in this case, vertebrae. I know some of you have some fantastic specimens in your collections, if we combine these in this thread we might be able to see some patterns. We probably won't be able to put a genus or species name on each type, but perhaps assigning certain vertebrae to a morphotype might be possible. With that I encourage everyone that has any vertebrae from the Kem Kem beds to share photos of their specimens and post them here so we can use this thread as a sort of library as well as an ID thread that everyone can use to better ID their Kem Kem vertebrae. So please, share your photos! And it might help to number your specimens for easier reference. I will be updating this first post as new information arises with examples to make ID easier. Theropods Spinosaurids Spinosaurus aegyptiacus Spinosaurus is known for it's tall neural spines, which are pretty characteristic. Unlike Sigilmassasaurus, Spinosaurus does not have the ventral triangular rough plateau on the centra Spinosaurus mid cervical vertebra Spinosaurus dorsal, sacral and caudal vertebrae Caudal vertebrae Nearly complete tail from the neotype specimen of Spinosaurus aegyptiacus Sigilmassasaurus brevicollis Sigilmassasaurus is a Spinosaurid that might be closely related to Baryonyx and Suchomimus. It differs from Spinosaurus in that it has a ventral keel on many vertebrae and a triangular rough plateau on the bottom back end. A is Sigilmassasaurus, B is Baryonyx Sigilmassasaurus cervical vertebrae From anterior to posterior Sigilmassasaurus dorsal vertebrae Indeterminate Spinosaurid vertebrae Not a whole lot has been published yet, some bones can probably not be ID'd on genus level. Spinosaurid caudal vertebrae Anterior caudal: From LordTrilobite's collection Mid-posterior caudal: From Paleoworld-101's collection Mid-posterior caudal: From LordTrilobite's collection This caudal vertebra is less tall and more pinched in the middle of the centrum than the one from Paleoworld-101's collection. Likely due to a slightly more posterior position. Mid-posterior caudal: From LordTrilobite's collection Carcharodontosaurids Due to an old paper Sigilmassasaurus vertebrae are sometimes misidentified as Carcharodontosaurid. These vertebrae should be identified on the basis of the original description by Stromer. Two species of Carcharodontosaurids are known from the Kem Kem beds at this time. Carcharodontosaurus saharicus and Sauroniops pachytholus. Carcharodontosaurid cervical vertebrae Deltadromeus agilis Anterior (left) and mid (right) caudals better examples needed Abelisauroids Indeterminate Abelisauroid distal caudal From LordTrilobite's collection Abelisaurid dorsal vertebrae From Troodon's collection Sauropods Rebbachisaurus garasbae Not a whole lot is known about this titanosaur, as only a few bones have been found. Notice that the vertebrae are very extensively pneumaticised. Rebbachisaurus dorsal vertebrae Sauropod mid caudal vertebra. Possibly Rebbachisaurid. Unnamed Titanosaurian mid caudal vertebra Crocodilomorphs more examples needed Kemkemia This crocodile is only known by a single posterior caudal vertebra. Kemkemia caudal vertebra Turtles examples needed Pterosaurs Azhdarchids Azhdarchid (probably Alanqa) posterior fragment cervical vertebra Azhdarchid Mid cervical vertebra Sources Spinosaurids https://peerj.com/articles/1323/?utm_source=TrendMD&utm_campaign=PeerJ_TrendMD_1&utm_medium=TrendMD http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0144695 Sauropods Jeffrey A. Wilson & Ronan Allain (2015) Osteology of Rebbachisaurus garasbae Lavocat, 1954, a diplodocoid (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from the early Late Cretaceous–aged Kem Kem beds of southeastern Morocco, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 35:4, e1000701, DOI: 10.1080/02724634.2014.1000701 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/304214496_Evidence_of_a_derived_titanosaurian_Dinosauria_Sauropoda_in_the_Kem_Kem_beds_of_Morocco_with_comments_on_sauropod_paleoecology_in_the_Cretaceous_of_Africa Kemkemia sisn.pagepress.org/index.php/nhs/article/viewFile/nhs.2012.119/32 Pterosaurs https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thefossilforum.com%2Fapplications%2Fcore%2Finterface%2Ffile%2Fattachment.php%3Fid%3D432009&fname=journal.pone.0010875.PDF&pdf=true https://riviste.unimi.it/index.php/RIPS/article/view/5967

I've had this carcharodontosaurus premax for a number of years, infact, it was the first dinosaur fossil I ever knowingly aquired. I was looking at a worn down ridge on it and thought that it might be double serrated. Am I correct?

Hi, everyone. I saw a teeth on a online platform. But I don’t know that is real or not. Because it’s so cheap. So, I hope to get some advice from you all. Thank you

Came across this supposedly original carcharodontosaur tooth. Claims it is original and I really have my doubts. Only have one picture though. This is not a tooth I bought or anything. Just came across, nothing more

Was there a different Carcharodontosaurus in Laos than Siamraptor? Please let me know. Thank you in advance.

Is this the tooth of the Carcharodontosaurus in Laos? Also, does this tooth color match the color of the material from Laos? Please let me know. Thank you in advance.

Is this a carcharodontosaurus tooth? Please let the opinion of everyone. Cretaceous (Late) Cenomanian 　　　North Africa Morocco 　　　Size about 70mm I appreciate everyone's comments! thank you!

Hi. I've just received this Kem Kem huge partial theropod vertebra (just the process) and I just wanted to know whether it's possible to ID? Was told Spinosaurid is likely but could also be Carch. Thanks in advance.

Teeth are 1.19 and 1.09 inches, respectively. How do I remove the ugly, glued sand tip on tooth 1? Acetone? All tips appreciated! Tooth 1: Tooth 2 (It's small but polka dotted!):

Hi all! I received this tooth (5 cm) in my mailbox today. My best guess is an anterior Carcharodontosaurid tooth, but I am not entirely sure. It is pretty fat and the distal carina is displaced. What do you think? Thanks!

Hi all. Another Kem Kem tooth that I find hard to ID. I would say definitely not Abelisaurid. When comparing this tooth to the photo's in Troodons Kem Kem theropod topic I fine it hard to find a good match. The tooth is 3 cm long. Thanks again!

I bought a tooth of a Carcharodontosaurus from Kem Kem bed, Morocco! Seems like it was broken into three pieces and glued together, and lots of enamel worn off. But it has great size and serrations!

Hi everyone, I am currently eyeing this Theropod tooth from the Kem Kem beds in Morocco which is listed as a Deltadromeus tooth. Now I know that no teeth can be attributed to Deltadromeus as no cranial material has been found yet and I know that most teeth sold as Deltadromeus are in fact Abelisaurid teeth but this tooth seems way to curved to be Abelisaurid which could my eye instantly. So I was think if this might be a Dromaeosaurid tooth which while rare (and not yet officially described from Kem Kem) are somethings found and sold as Deltadromeus. Or might this be a small anterior tooth of a Carcharodontosaurid, I would appreciate your thoughts and imput on this tooth before I commit to buy. These are currently the only pictures I have, I am not sure if they suffice to give a proper ID whether these are Dromaeosaurid or Carcharodontosaurid, so I also asked the seller for some photos of the base of the tooth and if possible some close ups of the serrations. Thank you in advance, Ziggy Cardon

Hello all, I think I wasted my money. Please try to check if the root of this tooth is completely fake? I see the top of the tooth was added with to the end of the tooth but the root is some king of stone? Thank you. Best regards.

Good evening everyone, Does anyone have an explanation why there are so many theropod teeth from Kem Kem available (Carcharodontosaur, Spinosaur) while there aren't way as many herbivore teeth being offered from that area? Shouldn't herbivores have outnumbered the theropods by a lot?

Jinyupelta is the oldest confirmed ankylosaurid with a tail club, and I'm speculating that ankylosaurids evolved tail clubs to counter the emerging threat of giant theropods like carcharodontosaurs and tyrannosaurs. Since the Albian-Turonian of China boasts a number of giant carcharodontosaurs (Chilantaisaurus, Shaochilong), is it possible that Jinyunpelta could effectively take down a Chilantaisaurus/Shaochilong-type carcharodontosaur or Suskityrannus-type tyrannosaur with its tail club?