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The Ctenacanthiform Sharks are perhaps one of the most famous, yet enigmatic groups of sharks currently known, with a fossil range stretching from the Early Devonian to the Early Cretaceous periods 407.6-136.4 Million Years ago and with a range that spans globally. The most enigmatic along with the most famous genus of Ctenacanthiform (as well as one of my personal favorites) is the genus Saivodus, which was only described properly in 2006 after its fossilized remains were mistaken for two centuries as remains of species belonging to two other Ctenacanthiform genus, Ctenacanthus and Cladodus. The genus Saivodus emerged during the Early Carboniferous 360.7-345.3 Million Years ago and included the largest currently known species of Ctenacanthiformes, the Carboniferous Saivodus striatus that grew up to 35 feet in length fully grown. Despite large numbers of teeth and even very well preserved fossilized remains of the head including jaws and fins from large Saivodus striatus specimens being discovered and described, still very little is known about the overall paleoecology of these enigmatic sharks. Artist reconstruction of an Adult Saivodus striatus and its size compared to an adult Human and adult Great White Shark (Carcharodon carcharias) by artist HodariNundu. Image Source: https://www.deviantart.com/hodarinundu/art/Super-Sized-Saivodus-866628428 https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicCollectionSearch?collection_no=84108&is_real_user=1 The latest record of the genus Saivodus was believed for a few years to be fossils of a small Saivodus sp. from the Fossil Mountain Member of the Kaibab Formation dating to the Kungurian stage of the Permian period 279.3-272.3 Million Years ago in what is now Kachina Village of the U.S. State of Arizona. Hodnett, J. P. M., Elliott, D. K., Olson, T. J., & Wittke J. H. Ctenacanthiform sharks from the Permian Kaibab Formation, northern Arizona. Historical Biology, (2012). 24. 381-395. Retrieved December 16, 2023, from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/254237970_Ctenacanthiform_sharks_from_the_Permian_Kaibab_Formation_northern_Arizona https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicCollectionSearch?collection_no=132088&is_real_user=1 However, I just found a confirmed (until recently overlooked) record of the genus Saivodus with the assistance of a recent well researched paper on Ctenacanthiform diversity that extends the geological range of genus by around 25.1-20.1 Million Years. I think you’ll all find this record extremely interesting!!! A Ctenacanthiform tooth were found in 1970 in deposits of the Zewan Formation dating to the Changhsingian stage of the Permian period 254.2-252.2 Million Years ago in what is Guryul Ravine of the region of Kashmir, a disputed territory located at the northernmost point of the Indian Subcontinent of South Asia). This tooth were initially described in 1971 by Paleontologists from Kyoto University, Japan as belonging to a new species of Ctenacanthus, (Ctenacanthus ishii). The size of the tooth is the following: Length of the base of tooth specimen - 16 mm. (1.60 cm.) Width of of the tooth's base - 6 mm. (0.60 cm.) Length/height of each of the tooth's two largest subsidiary or lateral cusps on each side of the tooth - 3.5 mm. (0.35 cm.) Length/height from the base of the tooth's apex to the top of the tooth's central/medial cusp - 8 mm. (0.80 cm.) Photographs of the Kashmir Saivodus sp. tooth specimen from the Permian-Triassic Zewan Formation, Kashmir, Asia. Image Source: https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/186572/1/mfskugm 038001_163.pdf However, further analysis of the Kashmir specimen in 2021 (including the general tooth shape and morphology) has confirmed the Kashmir tooth is in fact the latest geological record of the Saivodus genus currently known. Kapoor, H. M,, and Sahni, A. A Shark Tooth from Zewan Series of Guryul Ravine, Kashmir. Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyoto University. Series of Geology and Mineralogy, (1971). 38(1), 163-166. Retrieved December 16, 2023, from https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/186572/1/mfskugm 038001_163.pdf Shah, I. K., Farooq, M., Meraj, G., et al. Geological treasure of Guryul ravine section in Kashmir Himalaya - a case report. ESS Open Archive. (2022). https://doi.org/10.1002/essoar.10510303.1 https://d197for5662m48.cloudfront.net/documents/publicationstatus/75277/preprint_pdf/7673ce9d023bd875199a50b14e3f42e7.pdf Feichtinger, I., Ivanov, A. O., Winkler, V., Dojen, C., Kindlimann, R., Kriwet, J., Pfaff, C., Schraut, G., & Stumpf, S. Scarce ctenacanthiform sharks from the Mississippian of austria with an analysis of carboniferous elasmobranch diversity in response to climatic and environmental changes. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, (2021). 41(2). https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2021.1925902 Not only does this expand the geologic range of Saivodus and is the first confirmed record of this genus from Asia, but the proximity the Kashmir specimen was collected to the location of the Permian-Triassic boundary at the Zewan Formation (only 3 meters away from the geologic boundary) could indicate small to medium species of the genus Saivodus survived the Permian-Triassic Extinction Event 252 Million Years ago and survived (albeit very briefly) into the Early Triassic. This is a major discovery in the study of Ctenacanthiform sharks. Hopefully more specimens of Ctenacanthiform sharks from Permian-Triassic deposits in Kashmir, Pakistan, India, and around the world could be uncovered, studied, and described soon so that we may all get a more accurate understanding of the paleobiology and paleoecology of these amazing prehistoric sharks. This will also give us a more accurate understanding of the fascinating time they lived before one of Earth’s largest mass extinction events along with the period of biological and ecosystem recovery afterwards.

Sometimes it could be accurately said a fossil hunting trips most intriguing finds are discovered after bringing the fossils home. That's exactly what happened after my Sunday/August/19/2023 trip with @Tales From the Shale at some Late Pennsylvanian rock formations in Illinois. Lots of brachiopod, bryozoan, and pretty awesome Chondricthyan teeth were found on this trip. But it was at home that I accidentally uncovered a pretty remarkable find I would like help getting a Proper ID for. On Wednesday around 10:00PM EST, I decided to break open with a pretty large hammer some of the large rocks I collected to get rid of excess materials around the fossils. When I got to a brachiopod encrusted rock, I decided to split it down the middle to avoid damaging the top. As a precaution (which I'm super grateful now I still do) I always check the fragments with a flashlight to see if I missed something. This time, I checked extra hard and discovered a very fragmentary cladodont tooth tip!!! I was glad I found it, but kinda kicking myself knowing I may have accidentally smashed to bits the rest of the tooth (the tooth was not even remotely visible on the rock's surface and was hidden in the middle of the rock itself). Fortunately, I searched the surrounding fragments and found the rest of the tooth! I looked at and measured the cladodont tooth fragments more the next morning!! The tooth specimen is definitely from a pretty large Ctenacanthiform Shark! I think (based on the number of lateral cusps) it could be from a large Gilkmanius, but I'm not 100% sure!! What do you guys think? @connorp @deutscheben @Tales From the Shale What do you think?

Here are some more specimens which I quite frankly am scratching my head as to their identify! I'm also wondering if anyone can give a Proper ID for them? Unknown Specimen 1: Unknown Specimen 2: Unknown Specimen 3:

On Sunday, I finally went again the Mazon Creek and later a Bond Formation rock formation of Pennsylvanian age, around 300 Million Years ago, in Braidwood, Illinois and Oglesby, Illinois with three friends after some scheduling adjustments. The trip was awesome and we collected a pretty impressive fossil haul. At Mazon Creek, We mainly hunted for fossils around the shores of local power plant cooling pond (which despite apparently having water temperatures that day of 100 degrees Celsius, still had a decent amount of birds resting on-top). We saw also a large rock pile on the other side of the lake, which we tried to get to on foot, but after an hour of walking decided to head back and try our luck next time. We then went to Oglesby. I'm still cleaning most of the Mazon Creek fossils, so for now I'll be showing my and my friends findings from the Oglesby site. It was pretty hot and got a little cut up on the rocks, but the fossil haul collected was awesome!!! Small jumping spider we found at the Oglesby site. A piece of either coral or Brachiopod one of my friends found in Oglesby. Anyone got an ID for this specimen? Pretty Impressive Crinoid Stems collected as part of the day's Oglesby fossil haul!!! But this next specimen is probably one of my favorites from this recent fossil haul. It's a partial Ctenacanthiform tooth tip (Possibly Gilkmanius sp.) on a limestone slab with some brachiopod fossils also attached (of which I put it recently under a dissecting scope). Based on the thickness and size of the tooth, the shark it came from must of been a pretty decent sized animal when alive!!! A pretty descent Neospirifer brachiopod specimen!!! This next specimen was truly an unexpected find for myself as I've seen a Ctenacanthiform tooth from the bond like this in person before (most I've collected and heard about are of a black coloration where this is a mixture of black, grey, and brown). I must say it's very beautiful and definitely from a Ctenacanthiform shark!!! But I'm curious as to what Ctenacanthiform species it could've come from? Any thoughts on its ID you guys?

The Mississippi River has (in one form or another since the shrinking of the Western Interior Seaway) been flowing for 70 Million Years. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/geological-history-mississippi-river-180975509/ This may be more of a current biological rather than paleontological question, but I'm curious about the origin of the current chondricthyan diversity in the Mississippi River? Now a fair amount of you might be confused when I say "Chondricthyan diversity in the Mississippi River", but this is truly a cool case of truth stranger than fiction. The most famous species in this case is the Bull Shark (Carcharhinus leucas), a requiem shark able to tolerate both fresh and saltwater that had been confirmed to be recorded as far up the Mississippi River as Alton Illinois in 1935. Image credit: https://www.thetelegraph.com/insider/article/Researchers-affirm-two-bull-shark-sightings-16308838.php Shell, R., & Gardner, N. (2021, July 1). Movement of the Bull Shark (carcharhinus leucas) in the upper Mississippi River Basin, North America. Marine and Fishery Sciences (MAFIS). Retrieved February 12, 2023, from https://ojs.inidep.edu.ar/index.php/mafis/article/view/181 Shell, Ryan & Gardner, Nicholas & Hrabik, Robert. (2022). Updates on putative bull shark (Carcharhinus leucas) occurrences in the upper Mississippi River Basin of North America. 36. 10.47193/mafis.3612023010101. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/362847015_Updates_on_putative_bull_shark_Carcharhinus_leucas_occurrences_in_the_upper_Mississippi_River_Basin_of_North_America But these are not the only cases of Chondricthyans found in the Mississippi River as shown by the reports and articles here: http://chnep.wateratlas.usf.edu/upload/documents/Essential_habitat_of.pdf (Specifically pg. 10) Rafinesque, C.S. (1820) Ichthyologia ohiensis, or Natural history of the fishes inhabiting the river Ohio and its tributary streams, preceded by a physical description of the Ohio and its branches. W.G. Hunt, Lexington, Kentucky, 90 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.6892 Jordan, D.S. and Evermann, B.W. (1896). The fishes of North and Middle America. Bulletin of the US National Museum 47:1-1240. https://www.actionnews5.com/story/12943330/memphis-woman-photographs-stingray-in-mississippi-river/ Today, the Mississippi River is one of the most industrialized rivers in the world, with many locks and dams in places that previously allowed Chondricthyans to enter as upstream as Alton Illinois. This is a phenomena that unfortunately is still occurring both in the US and across the world today from places as far away and China and Brazil, Pakistan to Russia, and Cambodia and Australia, disrupting natural river flows that make regions more prone to sever flooding effects and causing a terrifying decline in large bodied freshwater fish that migrant frequently across a whole rivers lengths (and also contributing to the Human induced climate crisis as all the dead animals that pile up at the bottom of these dams produce high amounts of methane). This phenomenon is also something I must add we as a species needs to address urgently and decisively by switching more to more renewable power sources like solar, install fish ladders and workable passages for fish to go around the dams, or legally breach the dams safely whenever possible. But not to get off track here, I'm still curious about the paleontological date of chondricthyans from the Mississippi River. How many fossils of brackish water sharks and rays have been found in the areas of the Mississippi River, was there a historically larger or smaller amount of chondricthyans in the Mississippi during the Late Pleistocene-Early Holocene, and why isn't (at least that I know of) the chondricthyans diversity in the Mississippi River even historically been as high as places as the Amazon river in Brazil? What do you guys think?

The Ctenacanthiforms sharks emerged in the Late Devonian period and were one of the earliest evolutionary radiations in the Chondrichthyan lineage. They were also an incredibly successful group, surviving up to at least the Early Cretaceous in deep waters of what is now Southern France and Austria. Image of Reconstructions by J.P. Hodnett of some Ctenacanthid Sharks (the three yellow sharks) from Permian formations at Yellowstone and Grand Teton National Parks, U.S. Image Source: https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/fossil-inventories-uncover-permian-sharks-in-western-national-parks.htm Unfortunately, this group is currently still relatively rarely studied by large sections of academia specializing in prehistoric sharks. This is the case even for species with preserved body fossils such as the magnificent, awe inspiring, and a personal favorite of mine, Saivodus striatus (Duffin and Glinter, 2006)! Duffin, C. J., & Ginter, M. (2006). Comments on the Selachian genus Cladodus Agassiz, 1843. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 26(2), 253–266. https://doi.org/10.1671/0272-4634(2006)26[253:cotsgc]2.0.co;2 However, one incredible genus that deserves more study and academic along with public spotlight is Amelacanthus (Maisey, 1982)!! Maisey, J. G. (1982). Studies on the Paleozoic selachian genus Ctenacanthus Agassiz. No. 2, Bythiacanthus St. John and Worthen, Amelacanthus, new genus, Eunemacanthus St. John and Worthen, Sphenacanthus Agassiz, and Wodnika Münster. American Museum novitates; no. 2722. https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3536

The era between the Miocene and Pliocene (23-2.3 Million Years ago) was, like the Carboniferous era 300 Million Years before, a golden age for the Chondricthyans. Not only was there a massive explosion in the diversity of grey sharks, but there was the emergence of perhaps the largest number of large macropredatory shark genera (sharks greater than 3 meters (10 feet) in length) currently known in Earth's geologic history. This includes the Giant Thrasher Shark Alopias grandis (which grew up to 13 meters (feet) in length) and the famous Carcharocles (Otodus) megalodon (which grew up to 17 meters (55 feet) in length). https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.abm9424 But this golden era of the giant macro predatory sharks wouldn't last, for between 3.8-2.4 Million Years ago there was an extinction event of large marine fauna that killed at least 14% of large marine fauna genera, including Carcharcoles (Otodus) megalodon. Though it's not entirely clear what caused this extinction event (some have hypothesized it could've been a mild gamma ray burst), C.megalodon's decline was due to the closing of the Isthmus of Panama by 4.5 Million Years ago (an area that was a C.megalodon nursery), a decline in diatoms that caused a decline in the food sources of many whales like Cetothere whales including Cetotherium (a known food source of C. megalodon), and Competition with the recently emerged Great White Shark (Carcharodon carcharias) and Orcas (Orcinus). By the extinction events end, most of the Miocene's large predatory sharks were extinct. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6377595/ https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0084857 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318160879_The_Pliocene_marine_megafauna_extinction_and_its_impact_on_functional_diversity https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsbl.2020.0746 But there was a few genera that survived the extinction event 3.6-2.4 Million Years ago and lived long after it. These surviving taxon (likely surviving due to relying on different food sources then other large sharks of the miocene-pliocene) lived previously alongside C. megalodon and some survived up to at least the early Pleistocene (120,000-100,000 years ago). Here's a list of the large (non Great White Shark (Carcharodon carcharias)) macropredatory sharks of the late Pliocene-Early Pleistocene (If I'm missing any examples, let me know and I'll quickly add them). Hemipristis serra (Hemigaleidae, grew up to 3-5 meters (10-16 feet) in length) (Miocene-Pleistocene (Pleistocene strongholds: What is now Indonesia, Taiwan, South Carolina (U.S.), Alabama (U.S.), and Florida (U.S.)), 23.03-0.012 Million Years ago) Reconstruction 1 and 2 Image by artist @Tetrtophoneus, Image credit: https://www.deviantart.com/teratophoneus/art/Hemipristis-serra-871902574 Image by artist @HodariNundu (the two sharks below and next to the juvenile C.megalodon at the middle top are adult Hemipristis serra), Image credit: https://www.deviantart.com/hodarinundu/art/Mobbing-Meg-885731702 http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=83182 https://www.fossilguy.com/gallery/vert/fish-shark/hemipristis/hemipristis.htm https://www.researchgate.net/publication/364591134_A_previously_overlooked_highly_diverse_early_Pleistocene_elasmobranch_assemblage_from_southern_Taiwan Parotodus benedeni (Otodontidae, grew up to 7.6 meters (24.9 feet) in length) (Oligocene-Pleistocene (Pleistocene strongholds: What is now South Carolina (U.S.)), 33.9-0.012 Million Years ago) Reconstructions 1 and 2 Image by artist @imAdro, Image credit: https://www.deviantart.com/imadro/art/Parotodus-benedeni-908901669 Image by artist @SameerPrehistorica, Image credit: https://www.deviantart.com/sameerprehistorica/art/Parotodus-Size-882947974 http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=389883 https://www.petit-fichier.fr/2013/01/27/kent-b-w-1999-taille-parotodus-benedenii/? https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337937278_2019-canevet-a-review-of_the-extinct-genus-Parotodus https://www.app.pan.pl/archive/published/app63/app004542018.pdf http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=collectionSearch&taxon_no=389883&max_interval=Quaternary&country=United States&state=South Carolina&is_real_user=1&basic=yes&type=view&match_subgenera=1 https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/paleobiology/article/chondrichthyan-fossil-record-of-the-florida-platform-eocenepleistocene/2835CCEC27DC8EE0B24A5B62B1416618 Cosmopolitodus hastalis (Lamnidae, grew up to 5-7 meters (16.4-22.9 feet) in length) (Oligocene-Pleistocene (Pleistocene strongholds: What is now Japan, South Carolina (U.S.), Alabama (U.S.), and Florida (U.S.)), 30-0.012 Million Years ago) Reconstruction Image by artist @artbyjrc, Image credit: https://www.deviantart.com/artbyjrc/art/Going-to-need-a-bigger-boat-Lamnid-sharks-837971394 http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=265174 https://actapalrom.geo-paleontologica.org/Online_first/Chan_Cosmopolidus_planus.pdf Note: Cosmopolitodus hastalis was an ancestor to the extant Great White Shark (Carcharodon carcharias), along with living alongside the Great White Shark (Carcharodon carcharias) between the Miocene-Pleistocene. However, Cosmopolitodus hastalis’s being a member of the genus Carcharodon has yet to be confirmed). I hope you all find this helpful?

Been meaning to post these photos a while back but got caught up with preparing for Spring Break. Here's some more fossils myself, @Tales From the Shale, and another friend found a few weeks ago at a Pennsylvanian age, around 300 Million Years ago, rock formation in Oglesby Illinois. I hope these specimens could be Identified properly. I have no idea what this specimen could be? Some brachiopod and possible Chomodus sp. bits I would like a proper ID for. Possible brachiopod? Possible brachiopod or shell crushing chondrichthyan tooth? I don't know what this is (maybe a part of a Ctenacanthiform tooth or part of a shell crushing chondrichthyan tooth)? Brachiopod specimen I would like a proper ID of.

As I have been researching large ctenacanthiform sharks from North America, I've been wondering if there are any known globally that are currently unnamed. I definitely know of the large Ctenacanthiformes Saivodus stratus (found in both what is now North America and Great Britain), the large Ctenacanthiform from the Permian Kaibab formation in Arizona, and the 'Texas supershark' (a likely large species of Gilkmanius) from the Pennsylvanian Texas Graham formation (all three as larger or larger than an adult Great White Shark (Carcharodon carcharias)). But are there any large ctenacanthiformes (at least in size comparable to a modern day adult Great white shark (Carcharodon carcharias)) currently unnamed that are also known? Ctenacanthiformes are known from North America, Greenland, Europe, Asia, and South America. https://www.mindat.org/taxon-P34476.html Even though study of Ctenacanthiformes as a whole is just starting to become more through within the past few decades, I'm wondering if anyone on the forum is aware of any currently unnamed Ctenacanthiform fossils from areas outside of North America of Great White Shark (Carcharodon carcharias)) size?

On Saturday, I went on a fossil hunting trip with @Tales From the Shale in the area of Utica, LaSalle County, Illinois. After some time driving and looking for roadcuts, we discovered an abandoned clay bed/outcrop not too far away from the town itself. There, we discovered an absolutely massive amount of shark spines and teeth! I would like to know if anyone could properly ID some of the specimens we found!! \ This is one of the best shark spines I found at the site!!! It does look somewhat like the spine of Listracanthus, but I'm not 100% sure!! Possible Crusher plate tooth or maybe the bottom part of a large cladodont? Likely fish teeth or denticles, but I'm don't yet know what species/genus this could belong to? I really don't know what this could be? Maybe some sort of mineral or a fish head? Truly beautiful chondricthyian tooth in a clay matrix!!! However, I still don't know what specific group it could belong to? Maybe it could be a large crusher plate?

I've been recently trying to find some good places to go fossil hunting in the Mazon Creek area and there is one area some say is good but I've never heard or or been to before. It's called the Essex Quadrangle or Essex Quad in Kankakee County Illinois. It's supposed to be extremely close to the old Peabody coal company pit 15 and have fossils from the Essex Biota dating to around the Pennsylvanian period. https://isgs.illinois.edu/maps-data-pub/quads/e/essex.shtml https://ilmineswiki.web.illinois.edu/index.php/0359 I'm wondering if anyone's heard of or been to the place before, what kind of fossils you can find there, and where is it?

A few weeks ago I went on a fossil hunting trip to Oglesby Illinois with a few friends near a rock outcrop by the side of a road. This place is probably the best fossil site I've been to so far and I've found lots of Brachiopod fossils. I will sometimes find fossilized Chondrichthyan teeth, but not really any Cladodont teeth (though I hear they are there). I've been relooking at some of my fossil finds from the area and I believe I found a cladodont without knowing it at the time. I also found in the same rock some confusing set of tooth and a brachiopod! Would any one know the proper IDs for these specimens? IMG_9663.HEIC IMG_9662.HEIC IMG_9661.HEIC IMG_9664.HEIC IMG_9668.HEIC

Hello everyone, This post is really late, but better late than never right! Several months ago, I posted a tooth that I found in Late Mississippian Pennington Formation in East Tennessee in the Fossil ID section, whereupon I was referred to some experts in the UK. After a conversation with two experts about the tooth I had found, it was identified as a Megactenopetalus sp. tooth, an extremely rare and unique chimaeraform from the Carboniferous and Permian shallow seas. This type of tooth is not only remarkable because of its rarity, but also because it fills a niche in the chondricthyan family tree that few other genera fit into. It is a petalodontid...with dentine tubule structures. For those who are familiar with Paleozoic shark teeth, the bradyodonts are known for these features, often appearing on "crusher" teeth as small little dots on the surface of the teeth. The petalodonts on the other hand, are almost exclusively smooth, without exposed dentine tubules. One of the exceptions to this is the Megactenopetalus, which sports a pallet of petalodont-shaped, but bradyodont-textured teeth. Also, this tooth is most likely the earliest occurence of this genera. The majority of the teeth found are from the Permian, with a few exceptions coming from the Pennsylvanian. This tooth was found in a slab of tan mudstone, which eroded from near the top of the Pennington Formation, very near the base of the Pennsylvanian contact of the Raccoon Mountain Formation. It was found near a marine Psephodus sp. tooth, and also a branch of terrestrial Lepidonendron root, indicating to me that this animal likely inhabited a subtidal lagoon setting, which is also further supported by several professional studies that have been performed on the Pennington Formation. Shortly after posting it here on TFF, a member here (Carl) who works at the American Museum of Natural History expressed the museum's interest in acquiring this tooth. I then filled out the paperwork, packed it up carefully, and shipped it to its new home at AMNH! I must say, I was sad to see it leave my collection, but I thing it went to a great home and will be studied sometime in the future. It is now classified as AMNH FF 21096! Some information and photos of the tooth prior to donation. Megactenopetalus sp. crown and root Late Mississippian (Early Carboniferous) Pennington Formation East Tennessee, USA 2016 Roughly 1cm per crown