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Hello! Hoping someone can help us identify this, we think its some sort of bone. Found this in Flagler County FL in the coquina shelf about 6 ft. down.

I' m a local photographer in Flagler Beach, FL. I frequent a local beach almost daily. I have come across quite an interesting find. Currently due to stormy weather causing rough waves and some higher than normal tides the rocks have been sliding down into the ocean and breaking apart. Well a wonderful treasure was exposed in one of the rocks. A skull. There is also a tooth and what looks to be bone vertebrate. I am in the process of excavating currently but would love to know who this skull belongs to. Any help is appreciated!!

Just as a curiosity, I thought I'd compile a list of fossil groups that are known to be so abundant in places as to be rock-forming, i.e., to form coquinas, often of a single species. I started the list but there are probably many examples I am unaware of. For example, hyoliths...? Care to add to the list? Various pelecypods (including modern/subfossil examples) Various gastropods (including modern/subfossil examples) Some rugose, tabulate, and scleractinian corals (including modern/subfossil examples) Some crinoids (as encrinite) Some ophiuroids (but really just thin beds?) Some ammonoids? Some belemnoids? Some orthocerids etc. (mostly early Paleozoic) Some nautiloids (Alaska Devonian example) Some lingulate brachiopods (mostly Cambrian) Some strophomenide and orthide brachiopods (mostly early Paleozoic) Some pentameride brachiopods? Some tentaculitids (e.g., Arkona) Some hyolithids? Some trilobites (mostly Cambrian) Some trepostome bryozoans Various sponges, notably stromatoporoids and chaetetids Some algae such as Tasmanites, diatoms (as diatomite), coccolithophores (as chalk), red algae (as rhodolite), etc. Some radiolarians Various plants in coal swamps (as coal) Microbes such as cyanobacteria (as microbialite, laminite, stromatolite, thrombolite, oncolite, etc.) Any others?

The Mystery of Florida’s Cannonball-Eating Spanish Fort The secret is inside the walls themselves. By Lina Zeldovich Atlas Obscura, July 4, 2019 https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/coquina-fort-in-florida A paper is: Subhash, S.G., Jannotti, P. and Subhash, G., 2015. The Impact Response of Coquina: Unlocking the Mystery Behind the Endurance of the Oldest Fort in the United States. Journal of Dynamic Behavior of Materials, 1(4), pp.397-408. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40870-015-0035-1 PDF file at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283578095_The_Impact_Response_of_Coquina_Unlocking_the_Mystery_Behind_the_Endurance_of_the_Oldest_Fort_in_the_United_States https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Phillip_Jannotti Yours, Paul H.

I have some small rock samples similar to this. What is the best way to extract some of the shells? Is vinegar safe ? I believe the matrix is coquina.