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It was pretty cool yesterday. As a youth, I used to swim in Vermont quarries. But having been in Florida for 20+ years, I define cool differently. As I stepped out of my truck at 6:45 am, it was 57 degrees Fahrenheit and I was about to go swimming. I am not completely crazy. I had my 5mm shorty wetsuit on. Very successful day, Slow to start, moved twice and then consistent finds. A couple of Notes: There is a row or 2 of Tigers and 3-4 rows of Bull _ Dusky teeth those species dominate here. I pick up a some interesting bones to Identify later.... The Makos (55 and 41 mm) and lower Hemi (45 mm) were definitely appreciated. Tiger shark teeth are as large as I find anywhere. This might be P. contortus. Then this Osteoderm on the right, compared to Alligator... I almost tossed it away... but then I thought it could be Crocodile.... There is a cluster of 5 mostly whole or partial Horse teeth... They are the primary request for Identification or comments.. #1 #2 #3 Really beaten up Tridactyl,, Pretty.. need to stare at it to see if I can find the protocone. High Majority of Tridactyl Horses here are N peninsulatus #4 Almost all there... I think an Id is possible... #5 Lots missing... may be Equus.. lower partial All comments and suggestions appreciated... Jack @fossillarry

Hello everyone! I recently added this crocodile tooth to my collection, please can someone help me identify the family or genus? Sisi Daoui mine, Ouled Abdoun Basin (Morocco) Probably Maastrichtian layer Dimention: 5cm

Hi, This is only photo until the tooth I arrived--I bought it when I saw it because of the low price and the fact it is quite unusual. And this was the only pic on the site. A tooth, sold as crocodile from Kem Kem. 9mm in height. It looks a bit like Hamadasuchus, but with that ridge down the center. A different positional Hamadasuchus tooth? Or a juvenile? cheers I will post more pics when I can.

Every year at the Denver fossil show it seems like I pick up some unidentified Kem Kem material. This is because for one it’s cheap, but also because it’s kinda fun to investigate this material. Here are eight pieces I picked up as a bulk set. I have some idea about identification on each of these but would love to hear other’s input. In the following pictures I have the top row being archosaur fossils and the bottom row being fish fossils. My guesses: 1. Caudal(?) vertebra centrum. Croc or theropod, but probably croc. 2. Croc dorsal vertebra 3. Croc centrum 4. Theropod pedal phalanx. Specifically, the distal-most phalanx of toe 1 (the “dew claw”). Narrowest ID I think I could guess we would be Ceratosauria indet., should probably be labeled as Theropoda indet. 5. Two fused fish vertebrae. Are these identifiable any more than this? 6. Gar or gar-like vertebra 7. Chondrichthyan fish vertebra. Maybe Onchoptistis numida? Can that determination even be made? 8. A gigantic ganoid scale. Any guesses just based on size? I’m unfamiliar with all the monster fish in this rock unit. Thanks :)

I bought this tooth on impulse a few days ago. To me it looks like a fully rooted Plesiosaur tooth. It has all the characteristics of being from the Kem Kem Beds aswell. I've not seen any other rooted teeth to compare it to. So, did I score, or did I buy a crocodile tooth?

Good morning folks! I recently had a great trip to Westmoreland State Park in Virginia along the Potomac River. The cliffs here display beautiful formations ranging from early Miocene to Pleistocene epoch. Cretaceous deposits from upstream also deposit fossil material onto the beaches of the Potomac river. The day started off nice and early with some Miocene bivalve and mollusk fossils. My excitement grew further as I began finding fossilized bone chunks and fragments from unknown marine mammals. None of those photos are posted here, but my point is too confirm that there is indeed whale/marine mammal fossils at this site. I crossed the tree line to a neighboring cliff beach and stumbled upon the specimen you see below: This here is a full shot. Below will be more from multiple different angles: I have a reasonably large hand, so keep this in consideration when sizing. Object weighs what feels like holding a can of beans. About what you'd imagine a rock of that size would weigh. My wonder and investigation furthers as I found these photos below while researching to find answers. The two specimens pictured below and from the same geographical/stratigraphic area of Virginia (same deposits). First is a crocodilian skull fossil. The area that strikes my interest is the central plate, just after the two lowermost holes at the base of cranial skull area. It seems to match my specimen more than any other piece I have been able to come across in my research. The second runner up is this juvenile whale skull, which was also found in the same area of the Potomac. Again, the central plate seems to match in regards to the bone structure; the way the lines flare out in symmetrical ridges. All in all, my money is on the crocodilian skull, but I would much appreciate any opinions, insights, or theories on this piece! If you are not comfortable posting publicly, please feel free to PM me! Please let me know what you all think, even if you're unsure yourself. Thanks all!

Would appreciate some help in identifying if this tooth is Deinosuchus? Notice the striations on the tooth that are present on Deinosuchus teeth. Tooth measures approximately 1.10 inches Formation: Aguja Formation Location: Brewster County, Texas Age: 81.5-76.9 mya, Cretaceous Thanks in advance!

Hi guys, these days i was given this claw coming from kem kem as a birthday gift. This fossil was sold as a theropod claw, but it looks anything but to me. I assumed it could belong either to a sauropod cub or to a strange lizard not yet described. What do you think? THANKS XD

Found this tooth in the vertebrate layer on my second Whisky Bridge (Lutetian, Eocene) hunt like 6 or so months ago. I just assumed it was a fish tooth, so I didn't put too much research into it at the time. Found it again while packing today and now I'm wondering what it is. I can't find any similar Eocene fish teeth in my Googling. Now that I have some marine croc teeth under my belt, I'm starting to wonder if this could be one even though I've never heard of croc material from the site. The tooth is about 9.5 mm tall and 1.5 mm in diameter on the base. It has deep striations that are densest and most uniform on the lingual side. The striations persist on the labial side, but are less dense and deep. It has a sigmoidal curvature labiolingually and two prominent cutting edges. Feel free to tag anyone who knows a thing or two about the site! @jkfoam @Jared C @erose @JohnJ Thanks!

Below are 10 crocodile teeth from the Ypresian age of the Moroccan Phosphates, none of which have been identified. I've numbered them to make it easier to keep track of them as they all look rather similar. Thanks in advance for any proposed IDs Othniel

A tooth I recently pulled from my Woodbine honey hole keeps getting better the more I look at it. I originally thought it was just a really big crocodile tooth of the species Woodbinesuchus byersmauricei, a common find for the site. After cleaning it today, I noticed it was pretty different and am now 90% sure it's a plesiosaur tooth, perhaps from the family Leptocleididae (as opposed to Polycotylidae or Elasmosauridae) and maybe with some real scientific significance! Stay with me here... Crocodile teeth are pretty common for the site. So why do I think this isn't one? Besides being quite large for a croc, the 12 enamel ridges on this specimen vary in shape and are spaced out whereas my crocs typically exhibit tightly spaced, uniform ridges numbering in the many dozens. The ridges on the "plesiosaur" are restricted to the lingual side. My crocs typically have ridges spanning the entire circumference of the crown, though they sometimes peter out on the labial side as well. Another significant difference is in the sigmoidally curved crown which is normal in plesiosaurs and generally not seen in crocs. "Plesiosaur" (L) and Croc (R); Note the significantly different enamel ridge characteristics. "Plesiosaur" and my complete crocs. Quite large relatively speaking. It's crown is about 20 mm long and 6 mm in diameter. Sigmoidal curvature in the crown. I am less sure of the familial identification and beyond. A quick google search for Cenomanian Plesiosaurs revealed an interesting article on freshwater Kem Kem Group Plesiosaurs (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2022.105310) from more or less the same time (Woodbine = mid Cenomanian vs. Kem Kem Group = ?Albian-Cenomanian). What initially caught my eye was Fig. 5 where a handful of similar teeth are shown: Fig. 5 from the article. Leptocleididae indet. shed teeth. These are thought to be indeterminate Leptocleididae shed teeth for features shared with my specimen. The authors rule out Polycotylidae on the basis that those teeth are usually more robust. They acknowledge that longer teeth of Polycotylidae do occur, but the striations are finer than Leptocleididae. The authors contrast their teeth (and mine) from Elasmosauridae and Cryptoclididae by stating that those families have straighter teeth with more labio-lingually compressed crowns that create a strong oval cross section. My tooth and those shown above are sub-circular/slightly oval-shaped. Another point to make is that Leptocleididae plesiosaurs are UNKNOWN from deep water environments and are instead suggested to be nearshore specialists (Woodbine is famously nearshore with its crocs, Cretodus semiplicatus, and other nearshore fauna). On the other hand, Polycotylidae, the sister taxon, is a deeper water family. Hard to show a good cross-section because a chunk of root juts out of the bottom making it look more labiolingually compressed than it really is! Implications and Significance: One extremely interesting aspect of plesiosaur ecology that is highlighted by the article is their strong presence in prehistoric freshwater ecosystems. Plesiosaur teeth of the family Leptocleididae are commonly found in the Kem Kem river systems which isn't crazy given they are thought to be nearshore specialists. The authors note that contemporaneous marine deposits have yet to yield Leptocleididae material, which makes one wonder: were they freshwater specialists unable to live in the ocean? I would've been inclined to assume they could survive both fresh and salt given my preconceived notions on plesiosaurs, but there is a lack of hard proof... Until now? If this is what I think it is... this may be the first evidence of Leptocleididae found in a marine deposit contemporaneous with the Kem Kem Group! Just the missing puzzle piece emphasized in the article. Reeling it back in- Keep in mind, a few hours ago I thought this was just a big croc tooth! Also, I don't know much of anything about plesiosaurs since I had never found such material previously. My head is spinning with all these new names. Hopefully you all can provide some clarity on this matter. @pachy-pleuro-whatnot-odon @Jared C @PaleoPastels. Feel free to tag anyone else you know who might have some knowledge on the subject! Pics: ~Thanks for reading~

Found on the beach at Chilton Chine. Measures 13mm total length. I hope the photos are good enough. Would appreciate your opinions. Thanks

Well to say I'm surprised by today's hunt would be a monumental understatement. I've hunted the Woodbine for about a year now, and the most I had previously found were some leaves and beat up bivalves, despite visiting many sites. Not this time though... The recent string of good fossil luck I've been having prompted me to humble myself. I decided it was time I made a return to the dreaded Woodbine, a formation I have a complicated relationship with. While it's a very beautiful formation with a diverse range of unique animals and plants, Texas hunters will likely relate when I say that it is one of the most difficult to find reliable success on. Despite wasting countless hours wandering creeks, construction sites, and lake fronts in the past, I still have a fondness for the time I spent trying to pick it apart. I thought this hunt would be the same, taking in spectacular sandstone scenery, but very little in fossil department. As soon as I stepped out of my car, the Texas heat wave hit my face full blast. It was about 99F with hardly a cloud in the sky. As I walked to the exposure I had marked, I was quick to take notice of the lack of shade. I spent a solid hour wandering around, not finding much besides bivalve fragments scattered sparsely at the foot of the hill. Already, I had downed a water bottle and felt my eyes stinging from sweat. At the far end of the exposure, I began climbing the hill and came across a thin, pebbly layer of purple matrix. It was unusual in that I hadn't seen matrix like it in the Woodbine before. It only encapsulated a small area. It was absent from the section only 10 feet in either direction. My recent experience with conglomerates in the Atco and Hawaii prompted me to investigate further. Within seconds I spotted a bluish white crown to a flat tooth, Pseudohypolophus mcnultyi (Brachyrhizodus mcnultyi favored by some). There wasn't a doubt in my mind that I had finally found the spot I was looking for. Pseudohypolophus mcnultyi, the most common tooth of the day. I had stupidly forgotten my rock hammer and chisels, so I was left to begin breaking apart the conglomerate with my hands. Doing so exposed new teeth at an absurd rate. I was taken aback when I laid eyes on an Onchopristis dunklei rostral... and then three more. These are much rarer in other formations, but they seem to be COMMON in the Woodbine! Onchopristis dunklei. They are shattered, so they will remain in matrix. I managed to find two fragments of a mid-sized Cretodus semiplicatus tooth that fit perfectly together. Also snagged a couple of Cretalamna catoxodon and Haimirichia amonensis, staples of the Cenomanian shark fauna. Cretodus semiplicatus. One of the most beautiful shark species in my opinion. Cretalamna catoxodon with some turtle bone below. Haimirichia amonensis. The fun continued with a chunk of shark cartilage. Wish there was a way to pin a species to these... Shark cartilage There were also invertebrates to be had. Most of the time they were bivalve steinkerns, but now and then some crustacean chunks would show up. Bivalve Linuparus sp. segments. Something crustacean. Kinda shaped like mudshrimps found in the Pawpaw Fm. Later into the day, I came across a strange ridged tooth I suspect is reptilian. It is quite thin and sadly most of it isn't there. I'm hopeful it's something cool like pliosaur. Prepping it out of the this tough matrix is a real challenge. Unknown ridged tooth. Of course I had to save the hands down best find for last... a small reptile tooth! I believe it belongs to the reptile the Woodbine is most famous for as well - a croc. It bears a distal curvature, fine longitudinal striations, and has two distinct edges which aligns with Woodbinesuchus byersmauricei. The longitudinal striations seem to appear on only one side of the tooth while the other side is mostly smooth. I'm not sure if Woodbinesuchus teeth are similar or if the striations continue all around the circumference. Woodbinesuchus was described from the Rush Creek Member which is where I found this tooth. Other crocs of the Woodbine include Deltasuchus, Terminonaris, and Scolomastax (a small paralligatorid with crushing dentition!). Of these I think Woodbinesuchus is the closest, but there must be someone on here who knows better than me. Most likely Woodbinesuchus byersmauricei After only a few hours I had to call it quits. The heat today was killer and the metallic rocks of the Woodbine were not doing my hands and knees any favors as a makeshift oven. I really wish I had discovered this place in the winter or spring . Looks like I'll be watching the weather for a dip in temps before heading back. The possibility for dinosaur material is quite the motivator! Thanks for reading

A dyrosaurus from morocco, is it real?

So I thought I would share my recent and dream fossil find. Mark Kemp prepared my precious find for me. When I found it on the beach the skull had a big blob on the top. For some reason the nodule had been formed in this shape, possibly preserving it well? Anyway, here it was as I found it. A nice heavy lump to carry back. I could see the front of the rostum (Jaw, and back of the skull poking out of the rock) After preparation Thank you