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  1. Prepped by transfer method (Toombs, Harry; A.E. Rixon (1950). "The use of plastics in the "transfer method" of preparing fossils". The museums journal. 50: 105–107.) As far as I know, four bat genera with a total of 8 species are known from Messel: Palaeochiropteryx tupaiodon and P. spiegeli, Archaeonycteris trigonodon and A. pollex, Trachypteron franzeni, Hassianycteris messelense, H. magna and Hassianycteris? revilliodi. The genus Palaeochiropteryx is the most common and smallest bat from Messel with a wingspan of around 26 to 29cm. Archaeonycteris is rarer and somewhat larger - the wingspan is about 37cm. The largest bat in Messel is Hassianycteris magna with a wingspan of almost 50cm. References: Revilliod, P. (1917): Fledermäuse aus der Braunkohle von Messel bei Darmstadt. Abhandlungen der Großherzoglichen Hessischen Geologischen Landesanstalt zu Darmstadt, 7 (2), 162-201. Richter, G. & Storch, G. (1980): Beiträge zur Ernährungsbiologie eozäner Fledermäuse aus der "Grube Messel". Natur und Museum, 110 (12), p. 353-367. Simmons, N.B. & Geisler, J.H.(1998): Phylogenetic relationships of Icaronycteris, Archaeonycteris, Hassianycteris and Palaeochiropteryx to extant bat lineages, with comments on the Evolution of echolocation and foraging strategies in Microchiroptera. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 235: 1-182. Russel, D.E. & Sigé, B (1969): RÉVISION DES CHIROPTÈRES LUTÉTIENS DE MESSEL (HESSE, ALLEMAGNE). Palaeovertebrata, Montpellier, 1969, 3 : 63-182, 29 fig., 6 pl.
  2. Prepped by transfer method found in: Toombs, Harry; Rixon, A. E. (1950). "The use of plastics in the ‘transfer method’ of preparing fossils". The Museums Journal. 50: 105–107. Picture 1: Body. Picture 2: Close up of skull and ear. Four bat genera with a total of 8 species are currently known from Messel: Palaeochiropteryx tupaiodon; Palaeochiropteryx spiegeli; Archaeonycteris trigonodon; Archaenycteris pollex; Trachypteron franzeni; Hassianycteris messelensis; Hassianycteris magna and Hassianycteris? revilliodi. The genus Palaeochiropteryx is the most common and smallest bat from Messel with a wingspan of around 26 to 29 cm. Archaeonycteris is rarer and somewhat larger, the wingspan is about 37 cm. The largest bat in Messel is Hassianycteris magna with a wingspan of almost 50 cm. Taxonomy according to Fossilworks. Diagnosis for Hassianycteris messelensis is from SMITH & STORCH, 1981: “Overall size large (Tab. 1); dental formula I 2/3 C 1/1 P 2(3)/3 M 3/3 = 36 (38), first upper premolar (P 2/ ) absent in messelensis n. sp. and reduced to a tiny spicule in magna n. sp.; third lower premolar (P /4) not molariform, metaconid lacking and taloned short; dentition massive and high; naso-maxillary branch of premaxillary moderately broad, palatal branch not well developed, premaxillaries not fused; nasals long; phalangeal formula (manus) 2, 2, 3, 3, 3; index finger not terminating with claw; fifth metacarpal markedly short compared to third and fourth metacarpals; radius extremely long and characteristically bowed.” Identified by SMITH & STORCH, 1981 (reference number Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg SMF 80/1381; this is one of the paratypes in their publication). Reference: Smith, J. D. & Storch, G. (1981): New Middle Eocene bats from “Grube Messel” near Darmstadt, W-Germany. Senckenbergiana biologica, 61 (3/4): 153-167. Richter, G. & Storch, G. (1980): Beiträge zur Ernährungsbiologie eozäner Fledermäuse aus der "Grube Messel". Natur und Museum, 110 (12), p. 353-367.
  3. oilshale

    Palaeoperca proxima Micklich, 1978

    Taxonomy from Micklich 1985. Emended diagnosis from Micklich p. 33 (translated from German by oilshale): "Percoidei with spindle-shaped elongated body; scales medium-sized, ctenoid, covering the entire skull including the exposed parts of the jaw elements covering (there increasingly cycloid). Maximum body width slightly more than 1/3 of standard length. Frontalia robust, with irregularly ridged surface; mandibles finely dentate in several rows. Maxillary short, reaching only orbital anterior margin; no supramaxillary. Lacrimals entire, praeoperculum with finely dentate posterior margin and smooth lower margin. Operculum posteriorly with two flattened spinous processes; 6 (7?) branchiostegalia. Two distinctly separated dorsal fins with VIII, I+ 8 -9 rays. Spines I and II with common fin support, hard rays IV-V longest. Caudal fin forked incised, with 17 main rays (9/8, of which 15 branched); uppermost marginal ray in lower caudallobus at base with so-called "procurrent spur" Caudal supporting skeleton acentric with 3 epuralia and one urodermal. Analis with III+ 6 -8 rays; spines I to III gradually increasing in length, with I and II together with anteriormost soft ray sharing a common fin support shared. Pectoral fins slightly caudad offset from pectoral fins, with 15 soft rays on 4 radial elements. Posttemporals and angles of cleithrum toothed on posterior margin. Ventral fins with one hard and 5 jointed soft rays; caudolateral margin of pelvic bones near spine insertion bulgingly reinforced, processus medialis posterior short. Almost always 23 (10 + 13) vertebrae; epipleuralia present. Presumed additional delimitation characters: Absence of praedorsalia; limited to scapula. Articulation of radialia on shoulder girdle." Line drawing from Micklich 1985, p. 56: Identified by oilshale. References: Micklich, N. (1978): Palaeoperca proxima, ein neuer Knochenfisch aus dem Mittel-Eozän von Messel bei Darmstadt. Senckenbergiana lethaea, 59 (4/6), 483-501. Micklich, N. (1985): Biologisch-paläontologische Untersuchungen zur Fischfauna der Messeier Ölschiefer (Mittel-Eozän, Lutetium). Andrias, 4: 171.
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