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  1. Hello, I found some fossil teeth on a friends ranch in Eastern Oregon and was hoping for some help with ID. The area has been described as Mascall Formation (16 Ma) from the Miocene, however there aren't any detailed geologic maps of the region and I suspect some areas may be closer to the Pliocene. The teeth were found as float material from several places. I think #1 or #2 may be Merychippus or Pliohippus (horses) and #4 may be Equus (horse). #1-3 were all found in the same general area and I am fairly confident it is Mascall Fm (Miocene). However, #4 was found in another area and appears to be Equus. Since Equus is from the Pliocene, I am thinking it could be from the younger (Pliocene) Rattlesnake Fm or an undescribed strata. I am a little more unsure about #3 and think I could be a rhino or similar large mammal. Thank you for your help,
  2. Fin Lover

    Equus tooth

  3. Fin Lover

    Equus tooth

  4. Tjlykinz

    Horse tooth. Fossil?

    I found this horse tooth on a gravel bed right next to a small creek in NE Ohio. This tooth seems to be fossilized but I'm not 100% sure If lightly tapped against another rock, it gives off the sharper sound of two rocks hitting rather than the thud of a bone. Also I don't see any white enamel left. The enamel on the section that is partially broke is slightly translucent and appears to have crystalline properties. Also this tooth is way harder than it should be but also it is a little brittle on the one side where it's broken. Fossils are quite rare in this part of the state so I'm somewhat skeptical but also a bit excited. I'm usually a petrified wood collector so verifying if this is as a fossil is a little out of my wheelhouse. Any help will be greatly appreciated.
  5. Shellseeker

    Bone Valley Earbones

    I was out yesterday and i found an earbone. My initial impressions was that this was a Dolphin periotic, but I soon changed my mind. Over the years in hunting the Peace river, the 1st Earbone that I found was Equus, and I have found 30 at least since the first. Most hunters I discuss horse ear bones, say they either throw them back or leave them laying in a dusty drawer as unidentified bones. Usually they have a lot of wear , but here is a pristine one, with many more features than normal including some skull material. It is 45 mm Length and 30 mm width. Yesterday, I found this earbone in the Peace river. It is considerably smaller than horse. More than a year ago, when hunting a Miocene location, my hunting partner found this fantastic find. It also has some skull material, and I believed , due to the limited Miocene fauna found, plus similarity to Equus earbones, that it was from a pre_equus horse. Steve sold it to me for far less than I would have paid. In July, I found another !!! small earbone. Richard Hulbert, director of the Vertebrate Laboratory at University of Florida Museum of Natural History identified the 1st photo ear bone in this thread (along with many other earbones I found) as Equus .sp. This is now my 3rd small earbone out of the Peace River that seem to me, as similar to Equus, and likely form pre_equus horses. I am looking for anyone who has found a similar mammal ear bone to provide photos of that find and any identification notes. It just seems to me that I can not be the ONLY Florida Fossil hunter finding these small ear bones. Obviously , all comments and suggestions greatly appreciated. @fossillarry @Harry Pristis @PrehistoricFlorida
  6. Hey so I have this very degraded fossil tooth from the Peace River. I'm assuming it's horse of some kind but can't tell if Equus or some kind of three toed horse. I think it's partially broken too so I don't know if we're even able to ID it. Sorry for the poor quality pictures. Camera isn't great and the tooth is only an inch long.
  7. Brandy Cole

    Equus or Pre-equus Tooth?

    I found this molar in a south Texas gravel bar. Pretty sure it's equus since there's no isolated protocone (although there is a tiny pebble stuck right in the join, haha). I just noticed that it's a bit smaller than all my other equus teeth, and the pattern seems simpler. I looked through "Fossil Vertebrates of Florida" and couldn't quite make a match with either equus or pre equus examples. MSCH from root to parastyle: ~65mm APL length of crown enamel: 24 mm TRW width of crown from mesostyle to posterior protocone: 25mm. First pics are the tooth, then a couple of comparison pictures with an equus.
  8. Mtwombly

    Worn Horse Jaw Section?

    Hey guys, I’m hoping someone can help me out by confirming the ID on this odd fossil I found in the Peace River! It is a very worn section of jaw bone with 3 teeth showing. The teeth appear to be that of an equine, so I assume what I have here is a section of an equine jaw worn by water and time. The shape of it is odd, though.
  9. I made it out hunting Thursday and Friday, found some treasures I am still sorting. Also , met up with a friend who has been finding some early horse fossils and wished to give to the opportunity to acquire them. He had a very nice , very small upper molar. and a couple of Proximal Phalanx... The Phalanx were of a size to make me wonder if they were pre_Equus or Equus. One is just under 3 inches and the other under 2.5 inches. do we move from Equus to pre_Equus and then down to what I believe is the smallest of the Florida small horses, Nannippus morgani ? For Reference , in his Gallary, @Harry Pristis has a 52 mm ( 2.07 inch) Phalanx of Neohipparion eurystyle. The UF MNH Database has a 48 mm (1.9 inch) Nannippus peninsulatus Phalanx and a 40 mm (1.6 inch) Nannippus aztecus. As I searched Harry's Gallary for answers, I found this picture, NOTE the words "Sizes vary Substantially". As these things happen @Brandy Cole had found a rather large Horse Proximal Phalanx (3.75 inches) and asked this question: I do not know what the upper end on size for Equus Proximal Phalanx. Maybe another TFF member can suggest one from their fossil collection. I sort of wonder about Clydesdales. From what I can derive from the sizes on Nannippus peninsulatus and aztecus, the lower end on Horse Proximal Phalanx (at least in Florida) might be 1.4 inches or 36 mm. That does not include the pre_Nannippus horses (like Parahippus), which are not in my south central Florida hunting locations. So, we have equus at 69 mm, eurystyle at 52 mm and I have just acquired one at 60 mm. If any member has identified a 60 mm Proximal Phalanx, please post.... Thanks Jack
  10. Harry Pristis

    rhino - equus astragalus compared C

    From the album: BONES

    Menoceras cf. M. arikarense and Equus sp. astragali from Florida.

    © Harry Pristis 2021

  11. Harry Pristis

    rhino - equus astragalus compared B

    From the album: BONES

    Menoceras cf. M. arikarense and Equus sp. bones from Florida.

    © Harry Pristis 2021

  12. Harry Pristis

    Rhino - Equus astragalus compared A

    From the album: BONES

    Two perissodactyl astragali, illustrating similarities and differences. Menoceras cf. M. arikarense is a small, cursorial rhino from the Early Miocene of Florida. The Equus sp. astragalus is much more massive.

    © Harry Pristis 2021

  13. Hi Everyone, Found this horse tooth today in a NJ stream. Can anyone tell if this is a modern day horse or an older species? I have another horse canine from this same stream that was identified as a 3 toed horse. I’ll throw a pic of that in here as well. Thanks, John
  14. RescueMJ

    Osteoderm Identification

    Inland Venice,FL. Pleistocene material. Removing matrix from specimen that I thought was Equus jaw. Several confirmed teeth from this 2’ x 2’ square. During removal, I found this. Before I continue removing matrix, looking for identification of this osteoderm. I have also found (jet black) alligator jaw piece approximately 10’ feet away. Thanks in advance. I am also looking for feedback on whether to continue removing matrix or display fossils in matrix.
  15. darrow

    Juvenile Equus Tibia?

    Previously identified as an Equus tibia. I originally assumed the articular surfaces had been eroded away by the river however I recently compared this to other Equus tibias I’ve collected from the same river and they do not exhibit this pattern of erosion. In fact, the articular surfaces of the other specimens are very much intact showing little more than a polish from the river. Looking at the texture of the exposed cancellous bone at the ends of this tibia and comparing it to that of isolated epiphyseal plates I have collected I’m thinking this tibia is from a juvenile. The articular surfaces are missing because the growth plates were not yet fused. Thoughts?
  16. RescueMJ

    Equus Long Bone

    Unknown long bone. Found in Pleistocene material. Inland, Venice, Florida. Specimen measures 62mm wide x 46mm. Canal in pic: L5 is 13mm wide. I have found Equus teeth in same location. Overall length of this hollowed bone is 123mm to break. I could not find an image for the joint surface to compare. I recovered the Equus tooth (EQ_L7) in the same location. It is a M2, left (upper molar). Thank you for your ID assistance. -Regards, Michael
  17. fossilus

    Could these be Calippus teeth?

    Through the years I've found these very small horse teeth in SE Texas. In the photo the 2 center teeth are each 16 mm wide as measured across the width of the crown, the rightmost tooth 19 mm. I know these pre-equus teeth can be difficult to ID. Anyone out there can help? @Harry Pristis @Shellseeker @garyc
  18. RescueMJ

    Unknown Vertebra in Venice

    Unknown fossil. Found in Pleistocene material. Inland, Venice, Florida. Specimen measures 65mm x 60mm. Smooth portion is 42mm high. I have found both Equus teeth and alligator jaw in same location. This item is a first for me. It appears to be possibly a caudal vertebra? Image 2 has a concave surface. Image 4 has a convex surface like it would match up with another concave surface. I think I have seen a photo of it before somewhere but I don't recall. Thank you for your ID assistance. -Regards, Michael
  19. GPayton

    Horse Cannon Bone Question

    So I've been hitting the Brazos River pretty steadily all year for Pleistocene fossils, but aside from some astragali, the only perfectly complete bones I've been able to find are two Equus metacarpals ( cannon bones). I'm not sure if this post belongs in this section of the forum since I'm not really looking for an ID (unless I'm wrong and one of the bones isn't Equus after all), but instead wanted to ask a question about the bones' anatomy. That's because although they both look exactly the same and are both clearly cannon bones from what I'm positive are horses, they each have different lengths and widths. The distal faces are also both different - the skinnier cannon bone has a pitted face while the thicker, shorter cannon bone has a completely flat one. Right now my theory is that horses either have different length cannon bones in their fore vs their hind legs, or the two bones are from different aged horses, but I haven't been able to find anything helpful online. Anybody able to help me out? Are these bones from different species or is one of my two wild guesses actually right? And because I've appreciated their help so much in the past, I'll just give @Harry Pristis and @Shellseeker a heads up!
  20. RescueMJ

    Camel Teeth ... Maybe?

    Inland Venice, FL tooth recovery. Pleistocene material. Found an Equus tooth approx. 15 feet from this on recently excavated, permission granted property. I think it is a camelid tooth x 2. Can't find a close match online, gallery, or textbook. The two teeth together are 27mm wide. This is the first time I have found teeth attached to a jaw fragment. ID assistance appreciated. Looking forward to numerous fossil recoveries after storm passes by my home on Tuesday. -Regards, Michael
  21. RescueMJ

    UNKNOWN INCISOR TOOTH?

    Greetings, Unknown tooth, possible incisor. It is a lot bigger than Equus cheek teeth I have found in area. Pleistocene material, inland Venice, FL. Occlusal surface is 2cm x 3cm. Tooth is 4cm tall x 3cm wide. Occlusal surface is shiny. Large Vertebrae found 20 feet away in spoil pile. See attached photo. Thank you in advance for your assistance. Vertebrae is 5 inches x 5 inches
  22. Greetings, I have only been actively recovering fossils for the past 12 months. Fortunately, as a forensic science teacher, my work schedule allowed me to search approximately 200 days during this time. My interest in Equus is strong based on growing up on a horse farm. After finding my first Equus tooth in Venice, FL, I was hooked. I have been reading: textbooks, The Bulletin of the Florida State Museum, Biological Sciences, and numerous FF members' galleries of photos. I have learned a lot during this journey. I want to share information I have received from Dr. Richard C. Hulbert Jr., Collections Manager, Division of Vertebrate Paleontology, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida. He is the expert on Equus, especially in Florida. Below are some of the responses that I received from him that are "for the good of the cause." From Dr. Hulbert "In each jaw of Equus there are three incisors at the very front, behind them maybe a canine tooth if from a male stallion (most mares lack a canine tooth, if present it is very small and functionless); then separated by a long gap are the six primary chewing teeth. Of these the front three are called premolars, as there are two sets of them through the animal’s lifetime, a set of deciduous premolars that are in use for the first 2-3 years of life, and second set of “permanent” premolars that erupt and come into use as the deciduous premolars are lost. Finally behind the premolars are three molars, the first molar that erupts about 1 year after birth, the second molar that erupts at about age 2, and the third molar that erupts at age 3 to 4. Older members of the horse family, such as Pliohippus and Merychippus, had four premolars instead of three. Examination of the fossil record of horses shows that it is the first of these four premolars that became increasingly smaller and was eventually lost. In order to make comparisons to equivalent teeth among all members of the horse family (and to other mammals), we refer to the premolars in an Equus jaw as the second, third, and fourth premolars. I can tell your specimen is a partial second premolar because the end comes to point when observed in occlusal view. In all of the other five premolars and molars, the front side of the tooth is flat or straight." (see tooth image below with unusual island feature) "I have attached what I think is the correct orientation for this specimen. The formation of the island (what we fossil horse specialists would call a fossettid) is unusual. It is caused by a connection between the metaconid and the protolophid. Just an odd individual variation, not of significance for species level identification. It is seen in Equus more often in deciduous second lower premolars than the permanent ones. But the crown height of your specimen is too great for it to be a deciduous tooth." It isn't often that I find an Equus tooth and can identify it without look at a ID guide. I put much effort to ID everything before submitting an ID request. It is harder when there is an unusual feature on the specimen. I want to give a shout out to @Shellseeker@Harry Pristis for their contributions to identifications and image galleries. Special thanks to Dr. Hulbert for his contributions to Florida Fossil Vertebrate studies. -Regards, Michael
  23. RescueMJ

    Venice, FL Horse Teeth, Equus?

    Greetings, Unusual caramel colored tooth recovered from land spoil in East Venice, FL. I understand this tooth is not complete, most likely a lower tooth and not that worn. unusual ridges on the sides. Unlike any other equus tooth I have found. I spent around 15 hours going through the ID galleries from the forum as well as Fruitbat's library. I'm reaching out for help with this one. Additionally, I have recovered an unusual amount of fossils from this 80' x 80' parcel. Iron content in this location results in most fossils colored reddish/brown. I'm hoping the tooth ID will help guide me towards the id of the other animals involved at this site. Dimensions: Length in EQ1 is 4cm. EQ3 photo is 17 mm horizontally and 12mm vertically. Regards, -Michael
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