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Taxonomy according to Xu and Ma, 2018 Junior synonym: Guizhoueugnathus analilepida Liu et al., 2003. Preoccupied name: Guizhouella analilepida Liu et al., 2013. Quote from Xu and Ma (2017, p. 36): “Based on three nearly complete fish specimens …, Liu et al. (2003) named Guizhouella analilepida and referred it to the family Eugnathidae (= Caturidae, Amiiformes); this genus was later renamed as Guizhoueugnathus, because it was preoccupied by a brachiopod genus (Liu, 2004). Jin (2009) first noticed that G. analilepida was a junior synonym of A. shingyiensis, and suggested that this taxon was closely related to parasemionotiforms. Quote from Xu and Ma (2018, pp. 97-98): ”Emended diagnosis: A large-sized ionoscopiform distinguished from other members of this order by the following combination of features: frontal nearly three times as long as parietal; parietal rectangular, slightly longer than wide; supraorbital sensory canal contacting anterior pitline in parietal; dermopterotic 1.3–1.4 times as long as parietal; three (two, occasionally) pairs of extrascapulars; two supraorbitals; dermosphenotic with canal-bearing innerorbital flange; five infraorbitals; two suborbitals; quadratojugal splint-like; supramaxilla single, nearly half of length of maxilla; maxilla with branch of infraorbital sensory canal; maxilla ending at level of posterior margin of orbit; 14 pairs of branchiostegal rays; median gular large and nearly triangular; 15 rays in each pectoral fin; 10–11 principal dorsal rays; 11–12 principal anal rays; 21–23 principal caudal rays; rhomboidal scales with serrated posterior margin; and scale formula of D25–26/P11–13, A22–24, C37–40/T43–45.” Line drawing from Xu and Ma, 2018, p. 100: Identified by oilshale using Xu and Ma, 2017. References: Su, D.-Z. 1959. Triassic fishes from Kueichow, Southwest China. Vertebrata PalAsiatica 3, 205–210. Liu, G. -B., Yin, G. -Z., Wang, X. -H., Luo, Y. -M. and Wang, S. -Y. 2003. New discovered fishes from Keichousaurus bearing horizon of Late Triassic in Xingyi of Guizhou. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica 42, 346–366. Liu, G. -B. 2004. Change names: Guizhoueugnathus, new name for Guizhouella Liu, 2003 and Guizhoubrachysomus, new name for Brachysomus Liu, 2003. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica 43, 447. Jin, F. 2009. Fishes. In: Li, J. -L. and Jin, F. (Eds.), Swim in the ocean two hundred million years ago. Ocean Press, Beijing. pp. 99–121. Xu, G. H. and Ma, X. Y. (2017): Taxonomic revision of Asialepidotus shingyiensis Su, 1959 (Halecomorphi, Holostei) from the Middle Triassic (Ladinian) of Guizhou and Yunnan, China. Research & Knowledge 3:36-38 Xu, G. H. and Ma, X. Y. (2018): Redescription and phylogenetic reassessment of Asialepidotus shingyiensis (Holostei: Halecomorphi) from the Middle Triassic (Ladinian) of China. The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 184, 95–114.

Alternative combination: Peltopleurus orientalis Su, 1959. The fish was originally described by Su in 1959 as Peltopleurus orientalis but recombined by Tintori et al. in 2016 as Habroichthys orientalis. Taxonomy for Habroichthys orientalis according to Fossilworks.org. Diagnosis according to Su, 1959 p. 205: “A Peltopleurus with rather slenderly fusiform body. Head rather small, its length is less than the maximum depth of the body and being about one 4,5th of the total length. External skull-bones smooth. Posterior part of maxilla somewhat triangular in shape. Operculum slightly larger than suboperculum. Preoperculum vertical. Anal fin larger and with longer base than that of the dorsal. Origin of the dorsal fin slightly in front of that of the anal fin. Flank with longitudinal row of greatly deepened scales, covering up to three fourths of depth of body. Reconstruction of Habroichtys according to Griffith, 1977, p. 29: Identified by oilshale using Su, 1959. References: Su, T, (1959): Triassic Fishes from Kueichow, South-West China. Vertebrata PalAsiatica 3(4):205-215. Griffith, J. (1977): The Upper Triassic fishes from Polzberg bei Lunz, Austria. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 60(1), 1–93. DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.1977.tb00834.x Lin, H.-Q., Sun, Z.-Y., Tintori, A., Lombardo, C., Jiang, D.- Y. & Hao, W.-C. (2011): A new species of Habroichthys Brough, 1939 (Actinopterygii; Peltopleuriformes) from the Pelsonian (Anisian, Middle Triassic) of Yunnan Province, South China. – Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen, 262 (1): 79-89. DOI: 10.1127/0077-7749/2011/0186. Xu, Guang-Hui & Ma, Xin-Ying. (2016): A Middle Triassic stem-neopterygian fish from China sheds new light on the peltopleuriform phylogeny and internal fertilization. Science Bulletin. 61. 1766-1774. DOI: 10.1007/s11434-016-1189-5. Tintori, A., Lombardo, C. and Kustatscher, E. (2016): The Pelsonian (Anisian, Middle Triassic) fish assemblage from Monte Prà della Vacca/Kühwiesenkopf (Braies Dolomites, Italy). Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen 282:181-200. DOI: 10.1127/njgpa/2016/0612.

Zhao et al. and A. Tintori disagree whether this is a Thoracopteridae (a "flying fish") or a Peltopleuridae. References: G. H. Xu, L. J. Zhao, and C. C. Shen. 2015. A Middle Triassic thoracopterid from China highlights the evolutionary origin of overwater gliding in early ray-finned fishes. Biology Letters 11:2014960. A. Tintori. 2015. Setting the record straight for fossil flying fishes versus non-flying ones: a comment on Xu et al . (2015). Biology letters 11(11) DOI:10.1098/rsbl.2015.0179. Xu G-H, Zhao L-J. 2015. From Potanichthys to Wushaichthys: resolving the evolutionary origin and reproductive strategy of the Thoracopteridae: a reply to Tintori (2015). Biol. Lett. 11: 20150604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2015.0604. Chenchen Shen (2019). Redescription of Wushaichthys exquisitus and phylogenetic revision of Thoracopteridae. Master thesis B.S. Capital Normal University

Baby Keichousaurus, ventral view. Functional Morphology and ontogeny of Keichousaurus hui Reptilia Sauropterygia.pdf References: Liao JL, Lan T, Xu GH, Li J, Qin YJ, Zhao MS, Li YL and Wang Y (2021) Tooth Structure and Replacement of the Triassic Keichousaurus (Sauropterygia, Reptilia) From South China. Front. Ecol. Evol. 9:741851. doi: 10.3389/fevo.2021.741851

Taxonomy according to Mindat.org Diagnosis from Liu et al. 2003, p 356: "Fishes of rather large in size and slenderly fusiform in shape. Maxillary and mandible of Palaeoniscid type. Gape very long , with acutely conical teeth on mouth borders. Ventral fin very small and placed between pectoral and anal fins. Dorsal and anal fins rather large , latter larger and longer than former, and rays very numerous. Origin of dorsal fin slightly in front of that of anal. Fulcra developed. Tail heterocercal. Caudal fin equilobate and strongly forked. Ganoid scales very small and rhombic. Transverse rows of scales on trunk very numerous in number. Scales on anterior trunk superficially smooth , with comb-shaped denticles on posterior margins; those on middle and posterior parts of trunk bearing superficially markably crowded striae rostrocaudally." Identified by oilshale using Liu et al 2003. References: Liu et al. (2003) NEW DISCOVERED FISHES FROM KEICHOUSAURUS BEARING HORIZON OF LATE TRIASSIC IN XINGYI OF GUIZHOU. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica , 42(3) :346 - 366.

References: Liu et al. (2002) ON THE MOST PRIMITIVE AMIID FISH FROM UPPER TRIASSIC OF XINGYI , GUIZHOU. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica , 41 (3) :461 - 463.