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From the album: Vertebrates
Aeoliscus strigatus Günther 1861 Pliocene Fiume Marecchia Rimini Italy The species in the genera Aeoliscus and Centriscus belong to the family Centriscidae (Razorfishes) within the order Syngnathiformes. The name "Syngnathiformes" means "conjoined-jaws". Syngnathiformes is an order of ray-finned fishes that includes among others the pipefishes and seahorses (Syngnathidae), razorfishes (Centriscidae), trumpetfishes (Aulostomidae) and cornetfishes (Fistulariidae). Fishes of this order have elongate, narrow, bodies surrounded by a series of bony rings, and small, tubular mouths. The tubular mouth shows that these members of the Syngnathiformes fed on small Crustaceans and such, much as their modern-day relatives Seahorses and Pipefishes. Centriscidae (Razorfishes) have elongated, strongly compressed and blade like bodies. The head is elongate with a long and slender, tubular snout; the mouth being small and toothless. There are two short-based dorsal fins with the first dorsal-fin spine being fused with the body armor plates. The caudal fin is small, nearly at a right angle to the body axis; the pelvic fins are small, with 4 short soft rays, originating at or behind midbody. Aeoliscus and Centriscus look very much alike however Centriscus differs from Aeoliscus by having a rigid first dorsal spine which is straight and lacking a hinge. The species in the genera Aeoliscus and Centriscus are found in relatively shallow tropical parts of the Indo-Pacific. Razorfish live among seaweed and swim with the body aligned vertically, to blend in with the stems. Kotlarczyk, J., A. Jerzmanska, E. Swidnicka, and T. Wiszniowska. 2006. A framework of ichthyofaunal ecostratigraphy of the Oligocene-early Miocene strata of the Polish outer Carpathian basin. Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae 76: 1–111. Parin, N., N. Micklich. 1996. Fossil gasterosteiformes from the lower oligocene of Frauenweiler (Baden-Württemberg, Germany) I. New information on the morphology and systematics of the genus Aeoliscus Jordan &Starks 1902. Palaeontologische Zeitschrift, Volume 70, Numbers 3-4, 521-545. -
Line drawing of Frigocanthus margaritatus from Sorbini & Tyler 2004, p. 64: Identified by oilshale using Sorbini & Tyler 2004. References: Sorbini, C. & Tyler, J.C. (2004) Review of the fossil file fishes of the family Monacanthidae (Tetraodontiformes), Pliocene and Pleistocene of Europe, with a new genus, Frigocanthus, and two new species related to the recent Aluterus. Bollettino del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Verona, Vol. 28, 41–76. Geologia Paleontologia Preistoria. Sorbini, L. (1987) Biogeography and Climatology of Pliocene Messinian Fossil Fish of Eastern-Central Italy. Bollettino del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Verona, 1987, Vol. 14, pp. 1-85. Sorbini, L. & Bannikov, A. F. (1988) On the Pliocene fish locality at Fiume Marecchia, Italy. Paleontological Journal, 1988, 1, pp. 121-123.
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I'm not sure about the classification. This is the tooth in question: Shark tooth from Fiume Mareccchia, Italy I think it's a Prionace cf. glauca, @michele 1937thinks it's a Carcharias acutissima. Who can help? Carcharias acutissima with side cusps Prionace glauca without side cusps I don't think the tooth in question has side cusps, but I am not 100% sure. According to fossilworks, Carcharias acutissima is known from 43.0 to 5.332 Ma. Prionace is known from 5.332 to 0.012 Ma. Fiume Marecchia is Upper Pliocene, Zanclean to Piacenzian (younger than 3.15 Ma and Prionace glauca is mentioned in Sorbini's paper "BIOGEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATOLOGY OF PLIOCENE AND MESSINIAN FOSSIL FISH OF EASTERN-CENTRAL ITALY: That's mainly the reason why I decided for Prionace. Any thoughts? Thanks Thomas
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Taxonomy from Fossilworks.com Identified by oilshale using Sorbini 1987. References: SORBINI, Lorenzo (1987) BIOGEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATOLOGY OF PLIOCENE AND MESSINIAN FOSSIL FISH OF EASTERN-CENTRAL ITALY. Boll. Mus. Civ. St. Nat. Verona", 14, pp. 1-85.
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Might be Trachurus trachurus Linnaeus. 1758 Picture of Atlantik horse mackerel taken from Wikipedia, own work of Kare Kare References: SORBINI, Lorenzo (1987) BIOGEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATOLOGY OF PLIOCENE AND MESSINIAN FOSSIL FISH OF EASTERN-CENTRAL ITALY. Boll. Mus. Civ. St. Nat. Verona", 14, pp. 1-85
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Taxonomy from Přikryl et al. 2016. Genus Diagnosis from Přikryl et al. 2016 (emended after D’Ancona and Cavinato 1965; Houde 1984; Endo 2002; Nelson 2006): "Elongate fish with abdomen shorter than caudal part of body. Nuchal ray present, articulated at posterior part of skull roof. Dorsal and anal fins both subdivided into anterior, middle and posterior sections. Outer rays of pelvic fins elongate. Postcleithrum single, with posteriorly enlarged lamina. Only one palatoquadratal element (ectopterygoid) developed between palatine and quadrate. Vomer toothed. Caudal fin supported by fused hypural plate. Accessory bones X and Y present. Scales cycloid with free termination of circuli at posterior edge of scale. Sagittal otolith large relative to body size." Species Diagnosis from Přikryl et al. 2016, p. 17: "Bregmaceros species with 10–12 abdominal vertebrae and 36–38 caudal vertebrae. Orbit relatively larger than in B. filamentosus (i.e. orbit length about 1.5 times or greater than the preorbital length). Dorsal fin with 18–19 + 9 + 16–18 rays. Anal fin with 17–19 + 7–8 + 19–21 rays." Composite reconstruction of Bregmatoceros albyi in left lateral view from Přikryl et al. 2016, p. 29: References: Přikryl , T., Brzobohatý, R. & Gregorová, R. (2016): Diversity and distribution of fossil codlets (Teleostei, Gadiformes, Bregmacerotidae): review and commentary. Palaeobio Palaeoenv (2016) 96:13–39 DOI 10.1007/s12549-015-0222-z
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The seahorses from Fiume Marecchia were determined by L. Sorbini as Hippocampus ramulosus Leach, 1814, a recent species. H. ramulosus is according to the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) a synonym of H. guttulatus Cuvier, 1829. References: SORBINI, Lorenzo (1987) BIOGEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATOLOGY OF PLIOCENE AND MESSINIAN FOSSIL FISH OF EASTERN-CENTRAL ITALY. Boll. Mus. Civ. St. Nat. Verona", 14, pp. 1-85
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