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Here we are with our 2023 IPFOTY contest entries. These are all 12 of our IPFOTM winners from 2023, listed in the order of the month they won. Carefully review these entries and vote for the one you think deserves the title of 2023 Invertebrate / Plant Fossil Of The Year! Poll closes on the 25th of January just before midnight. You can also vote for the 2023 Vertebrate Fossil Of The Year contest HERE. 1. Ameura missouriensis trilobite - Pennsylvanian, Deer Creek Fm - Missouri 2. Hammatoceras sp ammonite - Jurassic, Upper Lias - Ravenscar, North Yorkshire, England 3. Metacoceras sp. nautilitoid cephalopod - Late Pennsylvanian, Kasimovian, Conemaugh Group, Glenshaw Fm - Armstrong County, Pennsylvania 4. Eromangateuthis soniae (previously referred to Boreopeltis) giant squid - Early Cretaceous, Toolebuc Fm - NW Queensland , Australia 5. Eurypteris remipes eurypterid - Upper Silurian, Fiddler's Green Formation, Phelps Waterlime - Lang's Quarry, Ilion, New York 6. Helicaulax pyrenaicus gastropod - Cretaceous, Upper Santonian - Southwest France 7. Cryptolithus tessellatus trilobites and unknown starfish - Ordovician, Trenton Group - Central Pennsylvania 8. Euproops danae - Mid Pennsylvanian, Francis Creek shale - Grundy Cty, Illinois, Mazon Creek 9. Neithea regularis bivalve - Cretaceous (Maastrichtian), Laumont Horizon, Nekum Chalk - Province de Liège, Belgium 10. Mecochirus magna lobster - Cretaceous (Aptian), bed 17 Atherfield Formation - Atherfield Point, Isle of Wight, UK 11. Paleocrinus planobasilis crinoid calyx - Ordovician, Benbolt Frm - Scott County, Virginia 12. Asterophyllites sp. horsetail ally - Carboniferous - Vigo County, Indiana

Here we are with our 2023 VFOTY contest entries. These are all 12 of our VFOTM winners from 2023, listed in the order of the month they won. Carefully review these entries and vote for the one you think deserves the title of 2023 Vertebrate Fossil Of The Year! Poll closes on the 25th of January just before midnight. You can also vote for the 2023 Invertebrate / Plant Fossil Of The Year contest HERE. 1. Parrotfish (Scaridae) dentary (beak) - Oligocene (Ashley Fm/Chandler Bridge Fm) - Summerville, South Carolina 2. Paramylodon harlani (Harlan’s Ground Sloth) upper second molar (M2) - Pleistocene, Peace River Formation - Hardee County, Florida 3. Mammuthus columbi, Columbian Mammoth, lower left molar - Undifferentiated Pleistocene Sands - Hardee County, Florida 4. Ceratopsian horn - Late Cretaceous, (76.5-74.4 Ma) - Cretaceous, Dinosaur Park Fm - Steveville Area, Newell County, Alberta Canada 5. Hadrosaurid ungual w/ pathology - Late Cretaceous, Campanian, Dinosaur Park Formation, (76.5-74.4 Ma) - Alberta, Canada 6. Crocodile skull - Lower Jurassic, Upper Lias - Yorkshire Coast, Whitby, England 7. Brachauchenius lucasi pliosaur tooth - Cretaceous (Middle Turonian), Kamp Ranch Limestone - North Texas 8. Pelagosaurus sp. (crocodile skull) - Upper Lias, Lower Jurassic - Whitby, UK 9. Hadrosaurid tooth battery - Late Cretaceous, Dinosaur Park Frm - Newell County, Alberta, Canada 10. Pachycephalosaur skull dome - Late Cretaceous (Campanian), Dinosaur Park Fm, (74.4 Ma) - Newell County, Alberta, Canada 11. Platypterygius australis ichthyosaur - Early Cretaceous, Toolebuc Formation - NW Queensland, Australia 12. Pelagonithid bony-toothed bird jaw - Late Miocene / Pliocene - North Canterbury, New Zealand

Here we are with our 2022 IPFOTY contest entries. These are all 12 of our IPFOTM winners from 2022, listed in the order of the month they won. Carefully review these entries and vote for the one you think deserves the title of 2022 Invertebrate / Plant Fossil Of The Year! Poll closes on the 25th of January just before midnight. You can also vote for the 2022 Vertebrate Fossil Of The Year contest HERE. 1. Echinolampas hemisphaerica echinoid - Miocene, Serravallian - Aquitaine, France 2. Architarbus rotundatus spider - Pennsylvanian, Francis Creek Shale - Mazon Creek, Grundy County, Illinois 3. Murex spinicosta & Bolinus brandaris gastropods - Pliocene - Southwest France 4. Androgynoceras maculatum ammonite - Lower Jurassic (Lower Lias) - Holderness Coast, Mappleton, West Yorkshire, UK 5. Unidentified cidarid echinoid - Santonian age of the late Cretaceous, Dessau Formation - Central Texas 6. Larval Olenellus sp. trilobite - Cambrian, Kinzers Formation - Lancaster, Pennsylvania 7. Ekwanoscutellum ekwanensis trilobite - Silurian, Thornloe Fm - Temiskaming, Ontario, Canada 8. Proscorpius osborni scorpion - Upper Silurian. Bertie Group, Fiddlers Green Formation, Phelps Member - Lang's quarry, Herkimer, New York 9. Diaphorodendron rimosom bark w/ Spirorbis sp. polychaete worms - Pennsylvanian, Francis Creek Shale - Grundy County, Illinois 10. Spider (similar to Aphantomartis) - Carboniferous, Francis Creek Shale (307 Ma) - Pit 3, Braidwood, Illinois 11. Discoscaphites iris ammonite - Late Cretaceous Period (Late Maastrichtian), Owl Creek Formation - Mississippi 12. Feldmannia wintoni crab carapace - Cretaceous, Upper Albian, Pawpaw Fm - Tarrant County, Texas

Here we are with our 2022 VFOTY contest entries. These are all 12 of our VFOTM winners from 2022, listed in the order of the month they won. Carefully review these entries and vote for the one you think deserves the title of 2022 Vertebrate Fossil Of The Year! Poll closes on the 25th of January just before midnight. You can also vote for the 2022 Invertebrate / Plant Fossil Of The Year contest HERE. 1. Metatheria (marsupial) tooth - Late Cretaceous, Aguja Fm (~82-77 Ma) - Brewster County, Texas 2. Mammuthus columbi mammoth skull segment with ear bone - Pleistocene - Brazos River, southeast Texas 3. Glikmanius occidentalis cladodont tooth - Late Pennsylvanian (Finis Shale; Graham Formation) - Jacksboro, Texas 4. Enchodus fish jaw - Cretaceous, Cenomanian - Cap-blanc-Nez, France 5. Nothosaurus sp. sauropterygian reptile skull - Triassic, Muschelkalk - Winterswijk, The Netherlands 6. Mazonova helmichnus (Amphibian Eggs) - Carboniferous, Francis Creek Shale - Pit 11 (Mazon Creek) Braidwood, Illinois 7. Mosasaur (Tylosaurus?) tail section - Pierre Shale, Campanian, Upper Cretaceous - South Dakota 8. Plesiosaurus sp. paddle bones/digits - Lower Jurassic (Toarcian), Whitby Mudstone Formation - Yorkshire Coast, Whitby, England 9. Ptychodus mortoni associated toothset - Upper Cretaceous (Santonian), Satan Tongue of the Mancos Shale - Sandoval Co., New Mexico 10. Basilosaurid indet. whale tooth (P3 or P4 premolar) - Eocene, Castle Hayne Formation, Comfort Member - Jones County, North Carolina 11. Petalodus ohioensis cartilaginous fish tooth - Upper Pennsylvanian, Harpersville Formation - Coleman County, Texas 12. Penguin (taxon indet.) - Late Miocene, likely Greta Fm - Canterbury, New Zealand

Here we are with our 2021 IPFOTY contest entries. These are all 12 of our IPFOTM winners from 2021, listed in the order of the month they won. Carefully review these entries and vote for the one you think deserves the title of 2021 Invertebrate / Plant Fossil Of The Year! Poll closes on the 27th of January just before midnight. You can also vote for the 2021 Vertebrate Fossil Of The Year contest HERE. 1. Acanthotelson stimpsoni shrimp - 307 million years old, Pennsylvanian, Francis Creek Shale Layer (307 Ma) - Mazon Creek, Grundy County, Illinois 2. Anataphrus vigilans trilobite - Elgin Member, Maquoketa Formation (Late Ordovician) - NE Iowa 3. Romaniceras mexicanum ammonite - Upper Cretaceous (Turonian) - Blue Hill Member, Carlile Shale - Sandoval Co., New Mexico 4. Cricket (Superfamily Grylloidea) & Damselfly (Suborder Zygoptera) - Eocene, Green River Formation - Colorado 5. Tumidocarcinus giganteus crab - mid-Miocene - Canterbury, New Zealand 6. Craspedites mosquensis ammonite - Jurassic, Volgian (Tithonian), Craspedites nodiger ammonite zone - Samara Oblast, Kashpir, Russia 7. Architarbus rotundatus spider - Pennsylvanian, Francis Creek Shale - Mazon Creek, Morris, Illinois 8. Annularia radiata leaf whorls - Francis Creek Shale (Pennsylvanian) - Grundy Co., Illinois 9. Carneyella pilea edrioasteroid - Late Ordovician, Bellevue Formation (452.0 - 449.5 Ma) - Mason County, Kentucky 10. Spider, indet. Chelicerate - Miocene, Messinian Stage - near Murat, Cantal Dept., France 11. Urasterella montana starfish - Upper Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) Kasimovian stage Kreviakian substage - Kasimov town, Ryazan region, Russia 12. Dipleura dekayi trilobite - Devonian, Moscow Fm - New York

Here we are with our 2021 VFOTY contest entries. These are all 12 of our VFOTM winners from 2021, listed in the order of the month they won. Carefully review these entries and vote for the one you think deserves the title of 2021 Vertebrate Fossil Of The Year! Poll closes on the 27th of January just before midnight. You can also vote for the 2021 Invertebrate / Plant Fossil Of The Year contest HERE. 1. Megaloolithidae dinosaur egg - Upper Cretaceous, Campanian (74 Ma) - Bouches-du-Rhône, France 2. Cincosaurus cobbi trackways - Carboniferous Period, Pottsville Formation (358.9-288.9 Ma) - Central Alabama 3. Cretodus sp. shark tooth - Late Cretaceous, Eagle Ford Group - Denton County, Texas 4. Peripristis semicircularis shark tooth - LaSalle Limestone (Late Pennsylvanian) - LaSalle Co., Illinois 5. Daspletosaurus sp. tyrannosaurid tooth - Late Cretaceous, Dinosaur Park FM - Steveville Area, Alberta, Canada 6. Turrisaspis sp. dorsal median plate - Upper Devonian, Catskill Formation - Pennsylvania 7. Aspidichthys cf. placoderm armor - Late Devonian (Frasnian) Neuville Fm - Chimay, Belgium 8. Tyrannosaurus rex tooth - Late Cretaceous - Alberta, Canada 9. Protohadros byrdi dentary tooth - Woodbine Formation, Cretaceous - Denton County, Texas 10. Aepycamelus sp. camel jaw - Middle Miocene, Clarendonian, Truckee River Fm. - Nevada 11. Basal Mosasaur - Cretaceous (Turonian), Eagle Ford Formation - Central Texas 12. Multituberculate (cf. Meniscoessus sp.) incisor - Cretaceous, Campanian, Aguja Fm, (~82-77 Ma) - Brewster County, Texas

Here we are with our 2020 VFOTY contest entries. These are all 12 of our VFOTM winners from 2020, listed in the order of the month they won. Carefully review these entries and vote for the one you think deserves the title of 2020 Vertebrate Fossil Of The Year! Poll closes on the 24th of January just before midnight. You can also vote for the 2020 Invertebrate / Plant Fossil Of The Year contest HERE. 1. Bird (Species unknown) - Eocene (52 Ma) - American Fossil Quarry, Wyoming 2. Diprotodontid pelvis (likely Zygomaturus trilobus) - Pleistocene - Queensland, Australia 3. Primate jaw with teeth - Bridgerian, Middle Eocene - Blue Rim, Wyoming 4. Platecarpus mosasaur - Cretaceous, Taylor Group, Ozan Formation - North Sulphur River, Texas 5. Triceratops prorsus right dentary - Upper Hell Creek Formation, Upper Cretaceous - Powder River County, Montana 6. Placoderm fish (Cowralepis mclachlani) - ~385 Ma (Middle Devonian); Merriganowry Shale Member of the Dulladerry Volcanics - Central West NSW, Australia 7. Archaeotherium mortoni entelodont jaw - White River Formation. Eocene/Oligocene - Wyoming 8. Syllomus aegyptiacus sea turtle - Miocene, Lower Calvert Formation (likely Bed 3b) - King and Queen County, Virginia 9. Clidastes sp. mosasaur jaw - Late Cretaceous, Ozan formation (Lower Taylor Marl) - NSR, North Texas 10. Edestus sp. shark jaw with teeth - Pennsylvanian Fort Scott Fm. (Desmoinesian) - Roger County, Oklahoma 11. Anzu wyliei hand claw (possibly digit I) - Cretaceous (Maastrichtian), Hell Creek Formation - Powder River Co. , Montana 12. Nanosaurus sp. ornithischian jaw - Late Jurassic, Morrison Formation - Natrona County, Wyoming

Here we are with our 2020 IPFOTY contest entries. These are all 12 of our IPFOTM winners from 2020, listed in the order of the month they won. Carefully review these entries and vote for the one you think deserves the title of 2020 Invertebrate / Plant Fossil Of The Year! Poll closes on the 24th of January just before midnight. You can also vote for the 2020 Vertebrate Fossil Of The Year contest HERE. 1. Belotelson magister shrimp - Francis Shale, Middle Pennsylvanian (~307 Ma) - Mazonia South (Pit 11), Illinois 2. Metopaster sp. sea star - Lower Thanetian, Paleocene - Southwest France 3. Scolecodonts (maxilla/jaws) of polychaetes (Protarabellites or Oenonites & Ramphoprion)- Georgian Bay Fm, Upper Ordovician - Mimico Creek, Toronto, Ontario 4. Arbacia improcera echinoid - Pliocene, Yorktown Formation Zone - Craven County, North Carolina 5. Sinosura kelheimense brittlestars - Upper Jurassic - Hienheim Quarry, Germany 6. Macroporaster matutinus sea star - Late Ordovician, Salona Formation - Pennsylvania 7. Thaleops ovata tilobite - Platteville Formation, Ordovician - Grant County, Wisconsin 8. Thresherodiscus ramosus edrioasteroid - Ordovician, Bobcaygeon Formation - Goat Island, Ontario 9. Triarthrus eatoni trilobites - Late Ordovician, Lorraine Group, Frankfort Shale - Oneida county, New York 10. Craspedites subditus ammonite - Jurassic, Upper Tithonian (Volgian) - Undory, Ulyanovsk Oblast, Russia 11. Heterosalenia sp. nov. echinoid (new species currently being described) - Lower Glen Rose Formation, Lower Cretaceous (Albian) - Comal County, Texas 12. Diplocalamites sp. horsetail - Middle Pennsylvanian - New Mexico

Here we are with our 2019 VFOTY contest entries. These are all 12 (13, a baker's dozen!) of our VFOTM winners from 2019, listed in the order of the month they won. Carefully review these entries and vote for the one you think deserves the title of 2019 Vertebrate Fossil Of The Year! Poll closes on the 25th of January just before midnight. You can also vote for the 2019 Invertebrate / Plant Fossil Of The Year contest HERE. 1. Bison sp. (likely Bison bison) - Pleistocene (2.6-.01 Ma) - Collin County, TX, USA 2. Holmesina sp. giant armadillo jaw section - Late Pliocene-Pleistocene - Sarasota County, FL 3. Capybara skull - Pleistocene - Brazos River, Texas 4. Lepidotes mantelli fish - Valanginian, Early Cretaceous - Sussex, UK 5. Ground sloth claw core (exact species unknown) - Pleistocene - Santander, Colombia 6. Ptychodus marginalis hybodontiform shark tooth - Cretaceous, Turonian (Eagle Ford South Bosque Member) - Travis County, Texas 7. Pseudemys floridana or P. williamsi turtle carapace with predation marks - Miocene-Holocene, Bone Valley Formation - Peace River, Florida 8. Articulated ichthyosaur vertebrae with rib, paddle bone and belemnites - Jurassic - Yorkshire Coast, UK 9. Ichthyosaurus sp. (possibly I. communis) - Jurassic (Hettangian) - circa 190 Ma - Preplanobis Beds, Lavernock Point, UK 10. Upper and lower peccary jaw section - Miocene, opal bearing bentonite clay layer - Royal Peacock Opal Mine, Humboldt County, Nevada 11. Mammuthus primigenius, woolly mammoth molar - Weichselian, late Pleistocene (40 Ka) - Zandmotor, Netherlands (dredged from North Sea) 12. Small Fish jaw with teeth (unknown species) - Jet Rock or Alum Shale Series, Upper Lias, Jurassic - Whitby, North Yorkshire Coast, England 13. Palorchestes sp. (P. azael?) marsupial - Pleistocene - Queensland, Australia

Here we are with our 2019 IPFOTY contest entries. These are all 12 of our IPFOTM winners from 2019, listed in the order of the month they won. Carefully review these entries and vote for the one you think deserves the title of 2019 Invertebrate / Plant Fossil Of The Year! Poll closes on the 25th of January just before midnight. You can also vote for the 2019 Vertebrate Fossil Of The Year contest HERE. 1. Manticoceras sp. goniatite - Frasnian Matagne Formation, Late Devonian (382-372 Ma) - Chimay area, Belgium 2. Lepidostrobus sp. lepidodendron cone (strobile) - Westphalien B, Upper Carboniferous - near Lens, Northern France 3. Calamites sp. horsetail tree trunk segment - Pennsylvanian - Southeast Oklahoma 4. Nahecaris frankei (phyllocarid) - Emsian (Early Devonian) - Burg-Reuland, Belgium 5. Triarthrus eatoni trilobite (ventral view with eggs) - Ordovician - Beecher's Beds, Walcott Quarry, near Rome, New York 6. Eurypterus remipes eurypterid - Late Silurian, Phelps Member, Bertie Group - Herkimer County, New York 7. Unidentified (trigonotarbid?) arachnid - Late Carboniferous (Westphalian D), Osnabrück Fm. - Piesberg quarry near Osnabrück, Germany 8. Asteroceras and Promicroceras ammonites - Jurassic - Lyme Regis, Dorset, England 9. Glyptoxoceras subcompressum(?) heteromorph ammonite - Santonian, Haslam - Mt. Tzuhalem, Vancouver Island, Canada 10. Litoricola macrodactylus crab - Lower Thanetian, Paleocene - Southwest France 11. Devonoblastus whiteavesi blastoid - Widder Fm, Hungry Hollow Member (Middle Devonian) - Arkona, Ontario 12. Amoeboceras alternoides ammonite and Dicroloma cochleata gastropod - Jurassic, Upper Oxfordian - Bronnitsy, Moscow Oblast, Russia

Here we are with our 2018 VFOTY contest entries. These are all 12 of our VFOTM winners from 2018, listed in the order of the month they won. Carefully review these entries and vote for the one you think deserves the title of 2018 Vertebrate Fossil Of The Year! Poll closes on the 25th of January just before midnight. You can also vote for the 2018 Invertebrate / Plant Fossil Of The Year contest HERE. 1. Shrew (Soricidae) left mandible - Melbourne Bone Bed, Late Pleistocene - Indian River spoil pile Merritt Island, Florida, USA 2. Saurodon fish jaw - Cretaceous Atco Formation of Austin Group, Cretaceous - Dallas, Texas, USA 3. Mammuthus columbi mammoth tusk - Pleistocene - North Sulphur River, North Texas, USA 4. Thylacoleo carnifex marsupial lion skull - Pleistocene - Queensland, Australia 5. Palaeotherium magnum skull and mandible - Upper Eocene - Southwestern France 6. Elonichthys peligerus fish - Middle Pennsylvanian - Wilmington, Illinois, USA 7. Cowralepis mclachlani placoderm - Middle Devonian - West of Cowra, NSW, Australia 8. Orthacanthus compressus (Shark) - Upper Pennsylvanian, Upper Freeport #7 Coal - Linton Mine, SE Ohio, USA 9. Ichthyosaur remains - Whitby Mudstone Formation (Toarcian, Lower Jurassic) - Yorkshire Coast, Whitby, England 10. Tylosaurus proriger mosasaur tooth - Ozan Member of the Taylor Formation, Upper Cretaceous - North Sulphur River, Texas, USA 11. Undetermined (Tyrannosaurus rex orTriceratops horridus) dinosaur rib - Upper Cretaceous (Hell Creek Formation) - Montana, USA 12. Canis dirus (Dire Woff) tooth - Pleistocene (unidentified offshore unit) - Beach find near Charleston, South Carolina, USA

Here we are with our 2018 IPFOTY contest entries. These are all 12 of our IPFOTM winners from 2018, listed in the order of the month they won. Carefully review these entries and vote for the one you think deserves the title of 2018 Invertebrate / Plant Fossil Of The Year! Poll closes on the 25th of January just before midnight. You can also vote for the 2018 Vertebrate Fossil Of The Year contest HERE. 1. Flexicalymene cf. F. senaria trilobite - Ordovician Galena Formation, Prosser Member - Fillmore Co., Minnesota, USA 2. Isotelus sp. trilobite - Middle Ordovician Carters Limestone/Lower Hermitage Formation - Eastern Middle Tennessee, USA 3. Gennaeocrinus crinoid with Platyceras gastropod - Middle Devonian, Moscow formation - Livingston County, New York, USA 4. Euproops xiphosuran - Asturian (Westphalian D), Late Carboniferous - Piesberg quarry, near Osnabrück, Germany 5. Isotelus iowensis trilobite - Ordovician - Fayette County, Iowa, USA 6. Pleurocystites cf. P. squamosus cystoid - Ordovician - Minnesota, USA 7. Fusimilis proxima gastropod shell - Late Cretaceous - Coon Creek Science Center, Adamsville, Tennessee, USA 8. Horn Coral growing in a colony of Syringopora sp. coral - Pennsylvanian Naco Limestone - NE Gila County, Arizona, USA 9. Favosites placenta (tabulate coral with epibionts) - Mid-Devonian, Hungry Hollow Formation - South Pit, Hungry Hollow, Arkona, Ontario, Canada 10. Eldredgeops rana multiple plate - Middle Devonian/Windom Shale, Hamilton Group - Penn-Dixie Fossil Park, Blasdell, New York, USA 11. Harpoceras serpentinum ammonite plate - Lower Jurassic (Lias/Toarcian) - Postbauer-Heng (near Altdorf), Germany 12. Eurypterus remipes eurypterid - Fiddlers Green Formation, Phelps Member, Upper Silurian (~410 mya) - Ilion (Herkimer County), New York, USA

Maybe I missed it during the festivities and holidays over the changing of the years but did we not have a 2018 Fossil of the Year poll? I could only find the previous year polls when I looked.

Hey! Is there a winners gallery for FotY? If there is, is there any way to sticky it to the top?

Here we are with our 2017 VFOTY contest entries. These are all 12 of our month's vertebrate winners, listed in order from the month they won. Carefully review the options and vote for the entry you think deserves to win the title of the 2017 Vertebrate Fossil of the Year! Poll closes on the 26th of January. You can also vote on the 2017 Invertebrate / Plant Fossil of the Year contest HERE. 1. Allodesmus kernensis mandible with an upper incisor and a cetacean vertebra - Middle Miocene Round Mountain Silt - California, USA 2. Partial Porpoise/Dolphin Skeleton - Miocene Calvert Formation - Central Virginia, USA 3. Legless Amphibian (Phlegethontia longissima) - Carbondale Formation - Illinois, USA 4. Diplurus newarki Coelacanth - Late Triassic Lockatong Formation - North Bergen, New Jersey, USA 5. Sloth Claw and Associated Phalanx - Pleistocene - Southwest Florida, USA 6. Oreodont and Possible Daphoenus - Eocene-Oligocene White River Formation - Lusk, Wyoming, USA 7. Pachyrhizodus marathonensis Fish - Cretaceous Toolebuc Formation - Queensland, Australia 8. Associated Ichthyosaur Bones - Lower Jurassic - Kromer Quarry, Germany 9. Didelphodon sp. Left Dentary - Late Cretaceous Hell Creek Formation - Butte County, South Dakota, USA 10. Hesperotestudo (Giant Tortoise) Foot and Associated Osteoderms - Pleistocene - Sarasota County, Florida, USA 11. Crocodile (Pallimnarchus pollens) Jaw - Plio-Pleistocene - Australia 12. Poebrotherium Camel Jaw - Oligocene White River Formation - Chadron, Nebraska, USA