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Hi, more fossils from my collection. The first two pictures are of a pyritized Ammonite from Buttenheim, Germany and is from the Jurassic. The next two are of a pyritized Ammonite from the Volga River, Russia and is Jurassic. The next picture is of Marston Marble. The second to last and the final is Beringiaphyllum cupanoides from the Fort Union Formation in Montana.
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long time ago I found an interesting trace-fossil, like a burial wide is approx. 20 mm maximum, lenght approx. 60 mm. 3-dimensional, chalk, lower cenomanian, Teutoburger Wald-Region I have no clear idea what it is,, the animal causes the trace seems to have many short legs Worm? Crab? I show a close-up and the complete one, perhaps someone can help, thanks
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the oldest jurassic ammonites you can find in Germany are Psiloceras. Its the earliest Ammonit in the Jurassic ever. A very "boring one", no or less fine ribs, no spikes... But great and not easy to find. This nice slab comes from northwestern Germany, Horn-Bad Meinberg. from a road construction in the 80th of last century© fossils worldwide
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From the album: "Kupferschiefer", Fossils from the black permain shales
One of the rarer fishes is Platysomus gibbosus. Today it is nearly impossible to find a complete one, if you have luck you´ll get parts of this up to 25 cm long fish. This one was around 18 cm and in perfect condition© fossils worldwide
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From the album: "Kupferschiefer", Fossils from the black permain shales
The reason why it is called "Kupferschiefer" (that means something like "copper shale" is the presence of copper and pyrite. Some of the fishes have pyrit scales and bones, but they are rare today. Could only be found many years ago in the time of mining, deep in the mountain. This is one of these fishes with part of the scales and skull pyritized.© fossils worldwide
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From the album: "Kupferschiefer", Fossils from the black permain shales
superb splitfish, small Palaeoniscum freieslebeni, around 7 cm, well preserved. Small fishes in this size are rare© fossils worldwide
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From the album: "Kupferschiefer", Fossils from the black permain shales
fine Palaeoniscum freieslebeni in "normal" size, around 15 cm, perfect preserved© fossils worldwide
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In 1975 it was possible to dig in middle jurassic sediments in the center of Hannover-Mühlenberg. During the construction of a subway, rocks from the Middle Dogger were tapped. There were many fossils to be found like this very beautiful 8 cm Macrocephalites macrocephalus. Perfect condition© fossils worldwide
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another fine Parkinsonia from Greding, Bajocian. This is the more popular Parkinsonia parkinsoni, this ammonite gives the lithological name "parkinsonia-oolithe". Diameter around 6 cm© fossils worldwide
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Is it a Bird!??...Is it a Plane!??...No!...It's...
Ludwigia posted a topic in Members' News & Diversions
...the Goodyear Blimp!!! Where but in the area around the Lake of Constance can you see these things flying about? Friedrichshafen is the home of the Zeppelin and they are still constructing the things there and offering round trips. I caught this one flying over while out on my bike today.
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Hi:) i apologize for taking the photos in a bit of a hurry this weighs about 1800 g, looks like white bubbles trapped in turquoise glass, and was dug up from 58453 Witten, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany Have you seen similar items? Very curious!
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From the album: Fossil Amber and Copal: Worldwide Localities
“Krantzite” Profen Coal Mine Profen, Saxony-Anhalt State, Germany Profen Fm. (~41.3-38 Ma) Chemical Composition: C: 79.25%, H: 10.41%, O: 10.34% Total Weight: 1.5g Longest Specimen: 14mm Lighting: 140lm LED Longwave UV Entry four of ten, detailing various rare ambers from European, Asian, and North American localities. This amber has rather unusual physical properties, despite being chemically quite near to succinite (i.e. Baltic amber), in terms of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen ratios: whereas succinite is rather hard, Krantzite is described as being “tender”, as well as “sectile and somewhat elastic”; Krantzite also fuses at a slightly lower temperature (225˚C, compared to 250˚C). In terms of appearance, unoxidized material generally bears a lighter coloration than succinite, and pieces are usually very small in size. Krantzite is a relatively widespread amber within Saxony-Anhalt State: it occurs in at least 12 deposits located within a roughly 6,000 square mile (9,650 sq. km.) area, all within Saxony-Anhalt. Most of the deposits are located near Nachterstedt, Nienburg, Amsdorf, Nietleben, Mücheln, and the most notable, Profen; despite the notability of the latter, there are four specific mining localities within the Mücheln area alone, each being a Krantzite occurrence. Regarding the history of the Profen Opencast Mine: exploration began in 1941, with actual coal production starting 3 years later; coal began to be mined from the lowest levels in 1951. A southern construction site for mining operations began in 1971, with conveyor bridges from both sites being connected in 1982: the bridge connection was demolished in 1990. Coal production in the Profen Opencast Mine is expected to remain operational until 2035. Sources: "The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana 1837-1868: Descriptive Mineralogy"; p. 1005; Dana 1892 “Neufunde von fossilen Harzen aus dem Mitteldeutschen Braunkohlenrevier”; p. 166 (Abb. 2); Wimmer, Krumbiegel, Cosmowska-Ceranowicz, Wagner-Wysiecka 2015 https://second.wiki/wiki/profen© Kaegen Lau
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From the album: Fossil Amber and Copal: Worldwide Localities
“Krantzite” Profen Coal Mine Profen, Saxony-Anhalt State, Germany Profen Fm. (~41.3-38 Ma) Chemical Composition: C: 79.25%, H: 10.41%, O: 10.34% Total Weight: 1.5g Longest Specimen: 14mm Lighting: 140lm LED Longwave UV Entry four of ten, detailing various rare ambers from European, Asian, and North American localities. This amber has rather unusual physical properties, despite being chemically quite near to succinite (i.e. Baltic amber), in terms of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen ratios: whereas succinite is rather hard, Krantzite is described as being “tender”, as well as “sectile and somewhat elastic”; Krantzite also fuses at a slightly lower temperature (225˚C, compared to 250˚C). In terms of appearance, unoxidized material generally bears a lighter coloration than succinite, and pieces are usually very small in size. Krantzite is a relatively widespread amber within Saxony-Anhalt State: it occurs in at least 12 deposits located within a roughly 6,000 square mile (9,650 sq. km.) area, all within Saxony-Anhalt. Most of the deposits are located near Nachterstedt, Nienburg, Amsdorf, Nietleben, Mücheln, and the most notable, Profen; despite the notability of the latter, there are four specific mining localities within the Mücheln area alone, each being a Krantzite occurrence. Regarding the history of the Profen Opencast Mine: exploration began in 1941, with actual coal production starting 3 years later; coal began to be mined from the lowest levels in 1951. A southern construction site for mining operations began in 1971, with conveyor bridges from both sites being connected in 1982: the bridge connection was demolished in 1990. Coal production in the Profen Opencast Mine is expected to remain operational until 2035. Sources: "The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana 1837-1868: Descriptive Mineralogy"; p. 1005; Dana 1892 “Neufunde von fossilen Harzen aus dem Mitteldeutschen Braunkohlenrevier”; p. 166 (Abb. 2); Wimmer, Krumbiegel, Cosmowska-Ceranowicz, Wagner-Wysiecka 2015 https://second.wiki/wiki/profen© Kaegen Lau
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Bitterfeld Amber (Cottbus Fm., 25.5-23.5 Ma [min.])
Barrelcactusaddict posted a gallery image in Member Collections
![Bitterfeld Amber (Cottbus Fm., 25.5-23.5 Ma [min.])](//content.invisioncic.com/e327962/monthly_2022_03/small.SAM_3466.JPG.7bb00d9209beaa56c79712f4e8fb6e5a.JPG)
From the album: Fossil Amber and Copal: Worldwide Localities
"Bitterfeld Amber" Goitzsche Opencast Mine Bitterfeld-Wolfen, Saxony-Anhalt State, Germany Friedersdorf and Zöckeritz Sub-Horizons Bernsteinschluff Horizon Cottbus Fm. (25.5-23.5 Ma [min.]) Specimen C (Bubbles): 3.5g / 29x22x12mm Lighting: Longwave UV The origin of Bitterfeld amber has been the subject of much serious study and debate, especially within the last couple decades; it was originally believed to be redeposited material from the northern Baltic amber deposits, based mainly on the similarity of insect inclusions, but also due to their similarity in visual appearance and hardness. Chemical analyses of the amber by different authors, has recently shown that Bitterfeld amber came from a botanical and geographical source different from that of Baltic amber. Botanical Source: Recent chemical analyses (especially FTIR and ToF-SIMS) have shown significant differences; Baltic amber generally contains higher concentrations of succinic and communic acids, while Bitterfeld amber contains more dehydroabietic acid. Due to the presence of a specific triterpenoid (allobetulane class), Bitterfeld amber is believed to have been produced by a member of the Betulaceae Family (Birch). Age: Bitterfeld and Baltic ambers’ levels of carbon and hydrogen isotopes are extremely similar, indicating they are roughly the same age; Bitterfeld amber is found in Late Oligocene strata, which is younger than that which Baltic amber is found in: Bitterfeld amber was redeposited from nearby sources, before it was deposited into its current geological Formation (Cottbus), and was believed to have been carried northward into a delta by river action. Geological Setting: Bitterfeld amber shares a similar geological setting to Siegburgite, which it is found in association with. The upper portion of the Cottbus Fm., host to the large amber and coal reserves, was formed during the late Oligocene: the North Sea ingressed an area between two stretches of land running NE to SW, and as sea levels fell, forests developed, laying down organic matter; sea levels rose, and covered the organic matter in marine sediments. Bitterfeld amber is found in the lignite-sand, and lignite-clay layers of the upper portion of the Cottbus Fm., which amber-bearing layers are situated beneath the Bitterfeld Main Coal Seam, and above the Breitenfeld Seam: these layers constitute the “Bernsteinschluff” master horizon, which contains the upper “Friedersdorf” and lower “Zöckeritz” sub-horizons, which are particularly rich in amber. Differing levels of hydrogen isotopes in Baltic and Bitterfeld ambers indicate distinct geographical sources. There was a minimum of 3-degrees latitude difference between the northernmost Bitterfeld amber forests and the southernmost Baltic amber forests. Mining History: The Goitzsche Mine originally began coal production around 1949, and in 1955 amber was discovered; active mining of this amber began in 1975 until the Goitzsche Opencast Mine finally closed in 1991. From 1991 to 1999, the Goitzsche became subject to reclamation efforts, which involved flooding the mine with water, which was conducted from the nearby Mulde River. On 4/13/2000, the reclaimed site officially became a public recreation area. Sources: "The First Fossil Cyphophthalmid (Arachnida: Opiliones), from Bitterfeld Amber, Germany"; Jason A., Gonzalo Giribet 2003 "Geography - Coal Mining in the Goitzsche/ The geology of the Goitzsche"; Europagymnasium Walther-Rathenau-Bitterfeld Comeniusprojekt "Die Bernsteinlagerstätte Bitterfeld, nur ein Höhepunkt des Vorkommens von Bernstein (Succinit) im Tertiär Mitteldeutschlands"; Fuhrman 2005 “Bitterfeld amber is not Baltic amber: Three geochemical tests and further constraints on the botanical affinities of succinate”; Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology; Wolfe, et. al. 2015 “Chemical and spectroscopic signatures of resins from Sumatra (Sarolangun mine, Jambi Province) and Germany (Bitterfeld, Saxony-Anhalt)”; Scientific Reports, Issue 10; Drzewicz, et. al. 2020 http://www.regionalgeologie-ost.de/Abb. 23.11 Halle-Merseburger Tertiaer.pdf?fbclid=IwAR0Rr9hVIGK28Bb2pzEcWxw3PG4TGS42HaKOS99vwcT8_ivqgi9EiclEWa0© Kaegen Lau
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Bitterfeld Amber (Cottbus Fm., 25.5-23.5 Ma [min.])
Barrelcactusaddict posted a gallery image in Member Collections
![Bitterfeld Amber (Cottbus Fm., 25.5-23.5 Ma [min.])](//content.invisioncic.com/e327962/monthly_2022_03/small.SAM_3465.JPG.e52162273670006dc1f9ba3cc6ee5fec.JPG)
From the album: Fossil Amber and Copal: Worldwide Localities
"Bitterfeld Amber" Goitzsche Opencast Mine Bitterfeld-Wolfen, Saxony-Anhalt State, Germany Friedersdorf and Zöckeritz Sub-Horizons Bernsteinschluff Horizon Cottbus Fm. (25.5-23.5 Ma [min.]) Specimen C (Bubbles): 3.5g / 29x22x12mm Lighting: 140lm LED The origin of Bitterfeld amber has been the subject of much serious study and debate, especially within the last couple decades; it was originally believed to be redeposited material from the northern Baltic amber deposits, based mainly on the similarity of insect inclusions, but also due to their similarity in visual appearance and hardness. Chemical analyses of the amber by different authors, has recently shown that Bitterfeld amber came from a botanical and geographical source different from that of Baltic amber. Botanical Source: Recent chemical analyses (especially FTIR and ToF-SIMS) have shown significant differences; Baltic amber generally contains higher concentrations of succinic and communic acids, while Bitterfeld amber contains more dehydroabietic acid. Due to the presence of a specific triterpenoid (allobetulane class), Bitterfeld amber is believed to have been produced by a member of the Betulaceae Family (Birch). Age: Bitterfeld and Baltic ambers’ levels of carbon and hydrogen isotopes are extremely similar, indicating they are roughly the same age; Bitterfeld amber is found in Late Oligocene strata, which is younger than that which Baltic amber is found in: Bitterfeld amber was redeposited from nearby sources, before it was deposited into its current geological Formation (Cottbus), and was believed to have been carried northward into a delta by river action. Geological Setting: Bitterfeld amber shares a similar geological setting to Siegburgite, which it is found in association with. The upper portion of the Cottbus Fm., host to the large amber and coal reserves, was formed during the late Oligocene: the North Sea ingressed an area between two stretches of land running NE so SW, and as sea levels fell, forests developed, laying down organic matter; sea levels rose, and covered the organic matter in marine sediments. Bitterfeld amber is found in the lignite-sand, and lignite-clay layers of the upper portion of the Cottbus Fm., which amber-bearing layers are situated beneath the Bitterfeld Main Coal Seam, and above the Breitenfeld Seam: these layers constitute the “Bernsteinschluff” master horizon, which contains the upper “Friedersdorf” and lower “Zöckeritz” sub-horizons, which are particularly rich in amber. Differing levels of hydrogen isotopes in Baltic and Bitterfeld ambers indicate distinct geographical sources. There was a minimum of 3-degrees latitude difference between the northernmost Bitterfeld amber forests and the southernmost Baltic amber forests. Mining History: The Goitzsche Mine originally began coal production around 1949, and in 1955 amber was discovered; active mining of this amber began in 1975 until the Goitzsche Opencast Mine finally closed in 1991. From 1991 to 1999,the Goitzsche became subject to reclamation efforts, which involved flooding the mine with water, which was conducted from the nearby Mulde River. On 4/13/2000, the reclaimed site officially became a public recreation area. Sources: "The First Fossil Cyphophthalmid (Arachnida: Opiliones), from Bitterfeld Amber, Germany"; Jason A., Gonzalo Giribet 2003 "Geography - Coal Mining in the Goitzsche/ The geology of the Goitzsche"; Europagymnasium Walther-Rathenau-Bitterfeld Comeniusprojekt "Die Bernsteinlagerstätte Bitterfeld, nur ein Höhepunkt des Vorkommens von Bernstein (Succinit) im Tertiär Mitteldeutschlands"; Fuhrman 2005 “Bitterfeld amber is not Baltic amber: Three geochemical tests and further constraints on the botanical affinities of succinate”; Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology; Wolfe, et. al. 2015 “Chemical and spectroscopic signatures of resins from Sumatra (Sarolangun mine, Jambi Province) and Germany (Bitterfeld, Saxony-Anhalt)”; Scientific Reports, Issue 10; Drzewicz, et. al. 2020 http://www.regionalgeologie-ost.de/Abb. 23.11 Halle-Merseburger Tertiaer.pdf?fbclid=IwAR0Rr9hVIGK28Bb2pzEcWxw3PG4TGS42HaKOS99vwcT8_ivqgi9EiclEWa0© Kaegen Lau
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Bitterfeld Amber (Cottbus Fm., 25.5-23.5 Ma [min.])
Barrelcactusaddict posted a gallery image in Member Collections
![Bitterfeld Amber (Cottbus Fm., 25.5-23.5 Ma [min.])](//content.invisioncic.com/e327962/monthly_2022_03/small.SAM_3464.JPG.51980b56cd116b2904e4cde756b0fb43.JPG)
From the album: Fossil Amber and Copal: Worldwide Localities
"Bitterfeld Amber" Goitzsche Opencast Mine Bitterfeld-Wolfen, Saxony-Anhalt State, Germany Friedersdorf and Zöckeritz Sub-Horizons Bernsteinschluff Horizon Cottbus Fm. (25.5-23.5 Ma [min.]) Specimen B (Run/Layered): 2.1g / 24x20x9mm Lighting: Longwave UV The origin of Bitterfeld amber has been the subject of much serious study and debate, especially within the last couple decades; it was originally believed to be redeposited material from the northern Baltic amber deposits, based mainly on the similarity of insect inclusions, but also due to their similarity in visual appearance and hardness. Chemical analyses of the amber by different authors, has recently shown that Bitterfeld amber came from a botanical and geographical source different from that of Baltic amber. Botanical Source: Recent chemical analyses (especially FTIR and ToF-SIMS) have shown significant differences; Baltic amber generally contains higher concentrations of succinic and communic acids, while Bitterfeld amber contains more dehydroabietic acid. Due to the presence of a specific triterpenoid (allobetulane class), Bitterfeld amber is believed to have been produced by a member of the Betulaceae Family (Birch). Age: Bitterfeld and Baltic ambers’ levels of carbon and hydrogen isotopes are extremely similar, indicating they are roughly the same age; Bitterfeld amber is found in Late Oligocene strata, which is younger than that which Baltic amber is found in: Bitterfeld amber was redeposited from nearby sources, before it was deposited into its current geological Formation (Cottbus), and was believed to have been carried northward into a delta by river action. Geological Setting: Bitterfeld amber shares a similar geological setting to Siegburgite, which it is found in association with. The upper portion of the Cottbus Fm., host to the large amber and coal reserves, was formed during the late Oligocene: the North Sea ingressed an area between two stretches of land running NE to SW, and as sea levels fell, forests developed, laying down organic matter; sea levels rose, and covered the organic matter in marine sediments. Bitterfeld amber is found in the lignite-sand, and lignite-clay layers of the upper portion of the Cottbus Fm., which amber-bearing layers are situated beneath the Bitterfeld Main Coal Seam, and above the Breitenfeld Seam: these layers constitute the “Bernsteinschluff” master horizon, which contains the upper “Friedersdorf” and lower “Zöckeritz” sub-horizons, which are particularly rich in amber. Differing levels of hydrogen isotopes in Baltic and Bitterfeld ambers indicate distinct geographical sources. There was a minimum of 3-degrees latitude difference between the northernmost Bitterfeld amber forests and the southernmost Baltic amber forests. Mining History: The Goitzsche Mine originally began coal production around 1949, and in 1955 amber was discovered; active mining of this amber began in 1975 until the Goitzsche Opencast Mine finally closed in 1991. From 1991 to 1999, the Goitzsche became subject to reclamation efforts, which involved flooding the mine with water, which was conducted from the nearby Mulde River. On 4/13/2000, the reclaimed site officially became a public recreation area. Sources: "The First Fossil Cyphophthalmid (Arachnida: Opiliones), from Bitterfeld Amber, Germany"; Jason A., Gonzalo Giribet 2003 "Geography - Coal Mining in the Goitzsche/ The geology of the Goitzsche"; Europagymnasium Walther-Rathenau-Bitterfeld Comeniusprojekt "Die Bernsteinlagerstätte Bitterfeld, nur ein Höhepunkt des Vorkommens von Bernstein (Succinit) im Tertiär Mitteldeutschlands"; Fuhrman 2005 “Bitterfeld amber is not Baltic amber: Three geochemical tests and further constraints on the botanical affinities of succinate”; Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology; Wolfe, et. al. 2015 “Chemical and spectroscopic signatures of resins from Sumatra (Sarolangun mine, Jambi Province) and Germany (Bitterfeld, Saxony-Anhalt)”; Scientific Reports, Issue 10; Drzewicz, et. al. 2020 http://www.regionalgeologie-ost.de/Abb. 23.11 Halle-Merseburger Tertiaer.pdf?fbclid=IwAR0Rr9hVIGK28Bb2pzEcWxw3PG4TGS42HaKOS99vwcT8_ivqgi9EiclEWa0© Kaegen Lau
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Bitterfeld Amber (Cottbus Fm., 25.5-23.5 Ma [min.])
Barrelcactusaddict posted a gallery image in Member Collections
![Bitterfeld Amber (Cottbus Fm., 25.5-23.5 Ma [min.])](//content.invisioncic.com/e327962/monthly_2022_03/small.SAM_3463.JPG.4a8428c457b90d73df6ad081dcd6e2fe.JPG)
From the album: Fossil Amber and Copal: Worldwide Localities
"Bitterfeld Amber" Goitzsche Opencast Mine Bitterfeld-Wolfen, Saxony-Anhalt State, Germany Friedersdorf and Zöckeritz Sub-Horizons Bernsteinschluff Horizon Cottbus Fm. (25.5-23.5 Ma [min.]) Specimen B (Run/Layered): 2.1g / 24x20x9mm Lighting: 140lm LED The origin of Bitterfeld amber has been the subject of much serious study and debate, especially within the last couple decades; it was originally believed to be redeposited material from the northern Baltic amber deposits, based mainly on the similarity of insect inclusions, but also due to their similarity in visual appearance and hardness. Chemical analyses of the amber by different authors, has recently shown that Bitterfeld amber came from a botanical and geographical source different from that of Baltic amber. Botanical Source: Recent chemical analyses (especially FTIR and ToF-SIMS) have shown significant differences; Baltic amber generally contains higher concentrations of succinic and communic acids, while Bitterfeld amber contains more dehydroabietic acid. Due to the presence of a specific triterpenoid (allobetulane class), Bitterfeld amber is believed to have been produced by a member of the Betulaceae Family (Birch). Age: Bitterfeld and Baltic ambers’ levels of carbon and hydrogen isotopes are extremely similar, indicating they are roughly the same age; Bitterfeld amber is found in Late Oligocene strata, which is younger than that which Baltic amber is found in: Bitterfeld amber was redeposited from nearby sources, before it was deposited into its current geological Formation (Cottbus), and was believed to have been carried northward into a delta by river action. Geological Setting: Bitterfeld amber shares a similar geological setting to Siegburgite, which it is found in association with. The upper portion of the Cottbus Fm., host to the large amber and coal reserves, was formed during the late Oligocene: the North Sea ingressed an area between two stretches of land running NE to SW, and as sea levels fell, forests developed, laying down organic matter; sea levels rose, and covered the organic matter in marine sediments. Bitterfeld amber is found in the lignite-sand, and lignite-clay layers of the upper portion of the Cottbus Fm., which amber-bearing layers are situated beneath the Bitterfeld Main Coal Seam, and above the Breitenfeld Seam: these layers constitute the “Bernsteinschluff” master horizon, which contains the upper “Friedersdorf” and lower “Zöckeritz” sub-horizons, which are particularly rich in amber. Differing levels of hydrogen isotopes in Baltic and Bitterfeld ambers indicate distinct geographical sources. There was a minimum of 3-degrees latitude difference between the northernmost Bitterfeld amber forests and the southernmost Baltic amber forests. Mining History: The Goitzsche Mine originally began coal production around 1949, and in 1955 amber was discovered; active mining of this amber began in 1975 until the Goitzsche Opencast Mine finally closed in 1991. From 1991 to 1999, the Goitzsche became subject to reclamation efforts, which involved flooding the mine with water, which was conducted from the nearby Mulde River. On 4/13/2000, the reclaimed site officially became a public recreation area. Sources: "The First Fossil Cyphophthalmid (Arachnida: Opiliones), from Bitterfeld Amber, Germany"; Jason A., Gonzalo Giribet 2003 "Geography - Coal Mining in the Goitzsche/ The geology of the Goitzsche"; Europagymnasium Walther-Rathenau-Bitterfeld Comeniusprojekt "Die Bernsteinlagerstätte Bitterfeld, nur ein Höhepunkt des Vorkommens von Bernstein (Succinit) im Tertiär Mitteldeutschlands"; Fuhrman 2005 “Bitterfeld amber is not Baltic amber: Three geochemical tests and further constraints on the botanical affinities of succinate”; Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology; Wolfe, et. al. 2015 “Chemical and spectroscopic signatures of resins from Sumatra (Sarolangun mine, Jambi Province) and Germany (Bitterfeld, Saxony-Anhalt)”; Scientific Reports, Issue 10; Drzewicz, et. al. 2020 http://www.regionalgeologie-ost.de/Abb. 23.11 Halle-Merseburger Tertiaer.pdf?fbclid=IwAR0Rr9hVIGK28Bb2pzEcWxw3PG4TGS42HaKOS99vwcT8_ivqgi9EiclEWa0© Kaegen Lau
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Bitterfeld Amber (Cottbus Fm., 25.5-23.5 Ma [min.])
Barrelcactusaddict posted a gallery image in Member Collections
![Bitterfeld Amber (Cottbus Fm., 25.5-23.5 Ma [min.])](//content.invisioncic.com/e327962/monthly_2022_03/small.SAM_3462.JPG.636d14d0a964140c9d63fb66aa5f685f.JPG)
From the album: Fossil Amber and Copal: Worldwide Localities
"Bitterfeld Amber" Goitzsche Opencast Mine Bitterfeld-Wolfen, Saxony-Anhalt State, Germany Friedersdorf and Zöckeritz Sub-Horizons Bernsteinschluff Horizon Cottbus Fm. (25.5-23.5 Ma [min.]) Specimen A (Clear): 2.7g / 33x21x19mm Lighting: 140lm LED The origin of Bitterfeld amber has been the subject of much serious study and debate, especially within the last couple decades; it was originally believed to be redeposited material from the northern Baltic amber deposits, based mainly on the similarity of insect inclusions, but also due to their similarity in visual appearance and hardness. Chemical analyses of the amber by different authors, has recently shown that Bitterfeld amber came from a botanical and geographical source different from that of Baltic amber. Botanical Source: Recent chemical analyses (especially FTIR and ToF-SIMS) have shown significant differences; Baltic amber generally contains higher concentrations of succinic and communic acids, while Bitterfeld amber contains more dehydroabietic acid. Due to the presence of a specific triterpenoid (allobetulane class), Bitterfeld amber is believed to have been produced by a member of the Betulaceae Family (Birch). Age: Bitterfeld and Baltic ambers’ levels of carbon and hydrogen isotopes are extremely similar, indicating they are roughly the same age; Bitterfeld amber is found in Late Oligocene strata, which is younger than that which Baltic amber is found in: Bitterfeld amber was redeposited from nearby sources, before it was deposited into its current geological Formation (Cottbus), and was believed to have been carried northward into a delta by river action. Geological Setting: Bitterfeld amber shares a similar geological setting to Siegburgite, which it is found in association with. The upper portion of the Cottbus Fm., host to the large amber and coal reserves, was formed during the late Oligocene: the North Sea ingressed an area between two stretches of land running NE to SW, and as sea levels fell, forests developed, laying down organic matter; sea levels rose, and covered the organic matter in marine sediments. Bitterfeld amber is found in the lignite-sand, and lignite-clay layers of the upper portion of the Cottbus Fm., which amber-bearing layers are situated beneath the Bitterfeld Main Coal Seam, and above the Breitenfeld Seam: these layers constitute the “Bernsteinschluff” master horizon, which contains the upper “Friedersdorf” and lower “Zöckeritz” sub-horizons, which are particularly rich in amber. Differing levels of hydrogen isotopes in Baltic and Bitterfeld ambers indicate distinct geographical sources. There was a minimum of 3-degrees latitude difference between the northernmost Bitterfeld amber forests and the southernmost Baltic amber forests. Mining History: The Goitzsche Mine originally began coal production around 1949, and in 1955 amber was discovered; active mining of this amber began in 1975 until the Goitzsche Opencast Mine finally closed in 1991. From 1991 to 1999, the Goitzsche became subject to reclamation efforts, which involved flooding the mine with water, which was conducted from the nearby Mulde River. On 4/13/2000, the reclaimed site officially became a public recreation area. Sources: "The First Fossil Cyphophthalmid (Arachnida: Opiliones), from Bitterfeld Amber, Germany"; Jason A., Gonzalo Giribet 2003 "Geography - Coal Mining in the Goitzsche/ The geology of the Goitzsche"; Europagymnasium Walther-Rathenau-Bitterfeld Comeniusprojekt "Die Bernsteinlagerstätte Bitterfeld, nur ein Höhepunkt des Vorkommens von Bernstein (Succinit) im Tertiär Mitteldeutschlands"; Fuhrman 2005 “Bitterfeld amber is not Baltic amber: Three geochemical tests and further constraints on the botanical affinities of succinate”; Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology; Wolfe, et. al. 2015 “Chemical and spectroscopic signatures of resins from Sumatra (Sarolangun mine, Jambi Province) and Germany (Bitterfeld, Saxony-Anhalt)”; Scientific Reports, Issue 10; Drzewicz, et. al. 2020 http://www.regionalgeologie-ost.de/Abb. 23.11 Halle-Merseburger Tertiaer.pdf?fbclid=IwAR0Rr9hVIGK28Bb2pzEcWxw3PG4TGS42HaKOS99vwcT8_ivqgi9EiclEWa0© Kaegen Lau
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Bitterfeld Amber (Cottbus Fm., 25.5-23.5 Ma [min.])
Barrelcactusaddict posted a gallery image in Member Collections
![Bitterfeld Amber (Cottbus Fm., 25.5-23.5 Ma [min.])](//content.invisioncic.com/e327962/monthly_2022_03/small.SAM_3461.JPG.9f9fe6a6202aa0de4eff8256738ce495.JPG)
From the album: Fossil Amber and Copal: Worldwide Localities
"Bitterfeld Amber" Goitzsche Opencast Mine Bitterfeld-Wolfen, Saxony-Anhalt State, Germany Friedersdorf and Zöckeritz Sub-Horizons Bernsteinschluff Horizon Cottbus Fm. (25.5-23.5 Ma [min.]) Specimen A (Clear): 2.7g / 33x21x19mm Lighting: 140lm LED The origin of Bitterfeld amber has been the subject of much serious study and debate, especially within the last couple decades; it was originally believed to be redeposited material from the northern Baltic amber deposits, based mainly on the similarity of insect inclusions, but also due to their similarity in visual appearance and hardness. Chemical analyses of the amber by different authors, has recently shown that Bitterfeld amber came from a botanical and geographical source different from that of Baltic amber. Botanical Source: Recent chemical analyses (especially FTIR and ToF-SIMS) have shown significant differences; Baltic amber generally contains higher concentrations of succinic and communic acids, while Bitterfeld amber contains more dehydroabietic acid. Due to the presence of a specific triterpenoid (allobetulane class), Bitterfeld amber is believed to have been produced by a member of the Betulaceae Family (Birch). Age: Bitterfeld and Baltic ambers’ levels of carbon and hydrogen isotopes are extremely similar, indicating they are roughly the same age; Bitterfeld amber is found in Late Oligocene strata, which is younger than that which Baltic amber is found in: Bitterfeld amber was redeposited from nearby sources, before it was deposited into its current geological Formation (Cottbus), and was believed to have been carried northward into a delta by river action. Geological Setting: Bitterfeld amber shares a similar geological setting to Siegburgite, which it is found in association with. The upper portion of the Cottbus Fm., host to the large amber and coal reserves, was formed during the late Oligocene: the North Sea ingressed an area between two stretches of land running NE to SW, and as sea levels fell, forests developed, laying down organic matter; sea levels rose, and covered the organic matter in marine sediments. Bitterfeld amber is found in the lignite-sand, and lignite-clay layers of the upper portion of the Cottbus Fm., which amber-bearing layers are situated beneath the Bitterfeld Main Coal Seam, and above the Breitenfeld Seam: these layers constitute the “Bernsteinschluff” master horizon, which contains the upper “Friedersdorf” and lower “Zöckeritz” sub-horizons, which are particularly rich in amber. Differing levels of hydrogen isotopes in Baltic and Bitterfeld ambers indicate distinct geographical sources. There was a minimum of 3-degrees latitude difference between the northernmost Bitterfeld amber forests and the southernmost Baltic amber forests. Mining History: The Goitzsche Mine originally began coal production around 1949, and in 1955 amber was discovered; active mining of this amber began in 1975 until the Goitzsche Opencast Mine finally closed in 1991. From 1991 to 1999, the Goitzsche became subject to reclamation efforts, which involved flooding the mine with water, which was conducted from the nearby Mulde River. On 4/13/2000, the reclaimed site officially became a public recreation area. Sources: "The First Fossil Cyphophthalmid (Arachnida: Opiliones), from Bitterfeld Amber, Germany"; Jason A., Gonzalo Giribet 2003 "Geography - Coal Mining in the Goitzsche/ The geology of the Goitzsche"; Europagymnasium Walther-Rathenau-Bitterfeld Comeniusprojekt "Die Bernsteinlagerstätte Bitterfeld, nur ein Höhepunkt des Vorkommens von Bernstein (Succinit) im Tertiär Mitteldeutschlands"; Fuhrman 2005 “Bitterfeld amber is not Baltic amber: Three geochemical tests and further constraints on the botanical affinities of succinate”; Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology; Wolfe, et. al. 2015 “Chemical and spectroscopic signatures of resins from Sumatra (Sarolangun mine, Jambi Province) and Germany (Bitterfeld, Saxony-Anhalt)”; Scientific Reports, Issue 10; Drzewicz, et. al. 2020 http://www.regionalgeologie-ost.de/Abb. 23.11 Halle-Merseburger Tertiaer.pdf?fbclid=IwAR0Rr9hVIGK28Bb2pzEcWxw3PG4TGS42HaKOS99vwcT8_ivqgi9EiclEWa0© Kaegen Lau
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Siegburgite (Cottbus Fm., 25.5-23.5 Ma [min.])
Barrelcactusaddict posted a gallery image in Member Collections
![Siegburgite (Cottbus Fm., 25.5-23.5 Ma [min.])](//content.invisioncic.com/e327962/monthly_2022_03/small.SAM_3441.JPG.ca7b76f239d7fe80b0482f349d647a4a.JPG)
From the album: Fossil Amber and Copal: Worldwide Localities
"Siegburgite" Goitzsche Opencast Mine Bitterfeld-Wolfen, Saxony-Anhalt State, Germany Bernsteinschluff Horizon Cottbus Fm. (25.5-23.5 Ma [min.]) Chemical Composition: C: 81.37%, H: 5.26%, O: 13.37%, Cinnamic Acid: 0.0073% Specimen A (Top Left): 0.4g / 14x12x6mm Specimen B (Top Right): 0.5g / 14x14x8mm Specimen C (Bottom Left): 0.3g / 14x12x4mm Specimen D (Bottom Right): 0.2g / 13x10x4mm *I did not take a photograph of these specimens under longwave UV, due to the fluorescent response of Siegburgite being so weak; they fluoresce a dull burgundy. Siegburgite is referred to as an "accessory resin", but is considered a true amber. It occurs alongside several other accessory resin species, as well as the more well-known Bitterfeld amber. Siegburgite is a fascinating amber, and is one of the few fossil resins classified as a Class III resin; it is essentially a natural polystyrene, found as concretions where it is a binding agent to fine sand and mica: the sand is often evenly distributed, and is variable in proportion to the resin, occasionally more than 60%. Siegburgite is highly flammable. Siegburgite was produced by a plant of the genus Liquidambar (Hamamelidaceae Family, also commonly known as the "witch-hazel" family): within the fresh resin, known as storax or copalm balsam, cinnamic acid and esters quickly decarboxylate (chemical reaction that removes a carboxyl group, and releases carbon dioxide), forming styrene; upon its burial, the newly-formed styrene underwent polymerization over tens of millions of years, as it became polystyrene. It is found in the lignite (German: "Braunkohle"), lignite-sand, and lignite-clay layers of the upper portion of the Cottbus Formation; Bitterfeld amber is also found within this Formation. The amber- and accessory resin-bearing layers are situated beneath the Bitterfeld Main Coal Seam, and above the Breitenfeld Seam. The Goitzsche Mine, from which Siegburgite and other fossil resins were obtained, opened in 1949 and closed in 1991. Sources: "Siegburgite, a new Fossil Resin."; Jahrbuch für Mineralogie 1875; pp. 128-133; A. V. Lasaulx "Roman Amber Identified as Siegburgite"; p. 12; Dietz, Catanzariti, Quintero, Jimeno 2013 "The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana 1837-1868: Descriptive Mineralogy"; p. 1005; Dana 1892 "Biology of Amber-Producing Trees: Focus on Case Studies of Hymenaea and Agathis"; p. 9; Jean H. Langenheim 1995 "The First Fossil Cyphophthalmid (Arachnida: Opiliones), from Bitterfeld Amber, Germany"; Jason A., Gonzalo Giribet 2003 "Geography - Coal Mining in the Goitzsche/ The geology of the Goitzsche"; Europagymnasium Walther-Rathenau-Bitterfeld Comeniusprojekt "Die Bernsteinlagerstätte Bitterfeld, nur ein Höhepunkt des Vorkommens von Bernstein (Succinit) im Tertiär Mitteldeutschlands"; Fuhrman 2005 http://www.regionalgeologie-ost.de/Abb. 23.11 Halle-Merseburger Tertiaer.pdf?fbclid=IwAR1RiYz3wsaHe-k20RnzaZv4jZt29VpR9oxrndNKKQ7ueDaygvpPC4peqVQ© Kaegen Lau
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Hello! its my first time writing in this forum. i am from Germany and usuals discuss my findings in a German forum. But this time no one was able to identify my new fossil. it was found at the cost of the Baltic Sea in northern Germany. (You can expect fossils from every age, because of the ice age) You can see a sponge like structure with some big channels. It seems that the sponge like structure was once covered from some kind of “skin” as you can see in the pictures. the fossil measures 10“ x 4,7“ (25cm x 11cm) and seems to be heavy as a normal rock. in a German forum it was discussed if it could be some part of a big bone or rather some kind of sponge. hopefully some one of you does know the answer. please excuse my bad English and have a nice day! yannick
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Golling Amber (Roßfeld Fm., 132.9-129.4 Ma)
Barrelcactusaddict posted a gallery image in Member Collections
From the album: Fossil Amber and Copal: Worldwide Localities
Illuminated partial nodule of transparent amber (see related entry) from a now-inaccessible site near Golling an der Salzach, Salzburg, Austria; specimen weighs 2.5g and measures 24x24x9mm. This specimen is slightly coated in matrix, and is similar in dimensions and identical in weight to the other Golling specimen, detailed in a separate entry. Transmitted LED light was used to display the piece's clarity. Amber from the Roßfeld (Rossfeld) Formation is dated to be early cretaceous (Hauterivian) in age.© Kaegen Lau
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Golling Amber (Roßfeld Fm., 132.9-129.4 Ma)
Barrelcactusaddict posted a gallery image in Member Collections
From the album: Fossil Amber and Copal: Worldwide Localities
Partial nodule of transparent amber from a now-inaccessible site near Golling an der Salzach, Salzburg, Austria; specimen weighs 2.5g and measures 24x24x9mm. This specimen has very little matrix attached to the exterior, and is similar in dimensions and identical in weight to the other Golling specimen, detailed in a separate entry. Amber from the Roßfeld (Rossfeld) Formation is dated to be early cretaceous (Hauterivian) in age.© Kaegen Lau
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Golling Amber (Roßfeld Fm., 132.9-129.4 Ma)
Barrelcactusaddict posted a gallery image in Member Collections
From the album: Fossil Amber and Copal: Worldwide Localities
Partial nodule of translucent amber from a now-inaccessible site near Golling an der Salzach, Salzburg, Austria; specimen weighs 2.5g and measures 23x22x8mm. This piece has a thin layer of matrix (contributing to a slight increase in weight), and despite having smaller dimensions, it weighs the same as the larger, similarly-shaped Golling amber specimen from a separate entry. Amber from the Roßfeld (Rossfeld) Formation is dated to be early cretaceous (Hauterivian) in age.© Kaegen Lau
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Golling Amber (Roßfeld Fm., 132.9-129.4 Ma)
Barrelcactusaddict posted a gallery image in Member Collections
From the album: Fossil Amber and Copal: Worldwide Localities
Partial nodule from a now-inaccessible site near Golling an der Salzach, Salzburg, Austria; specimen weighs 3.3g and measures 22x21x14mm. Amber from the Roßfeld (Rossfeld) Formation is dated to be early cretaceous (Hauterivian) in age.© Kaegen Lau
![Bitterfeld Amber (Cottbus Fm., 25.5-23.5 Ma [min.])](http://content.invisioncic.com/e327962/monthly_2022_03/small.SAM_3466.JPG.7bb00d9209beaa56c79712f4e8fb6e5a.JPG)
![Bitterfeld Amber (Cottbus Fm., 25.5-23.5 Ma [min.])](http://content.invisioncic.com/e327962/monthly_2022_03/small.SAM_3465.JPG.e52162273670006dc1f9ba3cc6ee5fec.JPG)
![Bitterfeld Amber (Cottbus Fm., 25.5-23.5 Ma [min.])](http://content.invisioncic.com/e327962/monthly_2022_03/small.SAM_3464.JPG.51980b56cd116b2904e4cde756b0fb43.JPG)
![Bitterfeld Amber (Cottbus Fm., 25.5-23.5 Ma [min.])](http://content.invisioncic.com/e327962/monthly_2022_03/small.SAM_3463.JPG.4a8428c457b90d73df6ad081dcd6e2fe.JPG)
![Bitterfeld Amber (Cottbus Fm., 25.5-23.5 Ma [min.])](http://content.invisioncic.com/e327962/monthly_2022_03/small.SAM_3462.JPG.636d14d0a964140c9d63fb66aa5f685f.JPG)
![Bitterfeld Amber (Cottbus Fm., 25.5-23.5 Ma [min.])](http://content.invisioncic.com/e327962/monthly_2022_03/small.SAM_3461.JPG.9f9fe6a6202aa0de4eff8256738ce495.JPG)
![Siegburgite (Cottbus Fm., 25.5-23.5 Ma [min.])](http://content.invisioncic.com/e327962/monthly_2022_03/small.SAM_3441.JPG.ca7b76f239d7fe80b0482f349d647a4a.JPG)
