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Showing results for tags 'heath shale'.
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Belotelson magister (Packard, 1886) from Bear Gulch
oilshale posted a gallery image in Member Collections
From the album: Invertebrates
Belotelson magister (Packard, 1886) Lower Carboniferous Serpukhovian Heath Shale Formation Bear Gulch, Fergus County Montana USA -
From the album: Vertebrates
Wendyichthys lautreci Lund & Poplin 1997 Lower Carboniferous Serpukhovian Heath Shale Formation Bear Gulch Montana USA -
Taxonomy according to Schram and Horner, 1978, p. 394. Diagnosis (Schram and Horner, 1978, p. 394): "Rhinocarid of large size; carapace covered with hairlike ornament; furcae about 1 ½ times as long as the telson." Dithyrocaris rolfei, reconstruction from Schram and Horner, 1978, p. 395. Identified by oilshale using Schram and Horner, 1978. References: Schram, F. R. and Horner J. (1978): Crustacea of the Mississippian Bear Gulch Limestone of Central Montana. Journal of Paleontology 52(2):394-406. Factor D. F. and Feldmann R. M. (1985): Systematics and Paleoecology of Malacostracan Arthropods in the Bear Gulch Limestone (Namurian) of central Montana. Carnegie Museum of Natural History. 54, 319-356. Jenner, R. A., Hof, C. and Schram, F. R. (1998): Palaeo- and archaeostomatopods (Hoplocarida, Crustacea) from the Bear Gulch Limestone, Mississippian (Namurian), of central Montana. Contributions to Zoology 67 (3) 155-185.
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Echinochimaera snyderi belongs to the peculiar looking chimaeras (also called sea cats, ratfish or ghost sharks). Chimaeras possess two dorsal fins; the first dorsal fin is supported by a movable spine associated with a venom gland. Recent sea cats live in all oceans of the world, preferably at depths between 200 and 2000m. This juvenile specimen of Echinochimaera snyderi is most likely a female; adult males are slightly smaller and have a more curved dorsal spine. References: R. Lund. 1988. New Mississippian Holocephali (Chondrichthyes) and the evolution of the Holoceephali. In Teeth Revisited: Proceedings of the VII Int. Symp. on Dental Morph., Paris, May 1986, Russel, D.E., Santoro, J.P. and Sigogneau-Russel, D., Eds., Mem. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat., Paris, (serie C) 53:195-205 R. Lund and E. Grogan. 2004. Five new euchondrocephalan Chondrichthyes from the Bear Gulch Limestone (Serpukhovian, Namurian E2b) of Montana, USA. In G. Arratia, M. Wilson, R. Cloutier (eds.), Recent Advances in the Origin and Early Radiation of Vertebrates 505-531
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- bear gulch
- carboniferous
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From the album: Vertebrates
Fish non det. Early Carboniferous Serpukhovian Bear Gulch Montana USA-
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From the album: Vertebrates
Discoserra pectinodon Lund, 2000 Early Carboniferous Serpukhovian Heath shale Bear Gulch Montana USA-
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- bear gulch
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From the album: Vertebrates
Fish non det. Early Carboniferous Serpukhovian Heath shale Bear Gulch Montana-
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Lit.: Rigby, J. K. : The sponge fauna from the Mississipian Heath Formation of Central Montana. Congres International de Stratigraphie et de Geologie du Carbonifere Compte Rendu, 9(5) 1985: 443-456. [Zoological Record Volume 122]
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Three (partially incomplete) specimens of Tyrannophontes acanthocercus on one plate. The largest specimen is 5cm stretched out. Lit.: R. A. Jenner, C. H. J. Hof, and F. R. Schram. 1998. Palaeo- and archaeostomatopods (Hoplocarida, Crustacea) from the Bear Gulch Limestone, Mississippian (Namurian), of Central Montana. Contributions to Zoology 67(3):155-185
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Taxonomy from Lund 2000. Diagnosis for the genus Discoserra from Lund 2000, p. 180: "Teeth of the premaxilla, maxilla and dentary long, thin, and styliform. Posterior end of maxilla does not extend back to level of anterior margin of orbit. Parietals excluded from contact in dorsal midline by postrostral 2, which contacts supraoccipital. No transverse supratemporal commissure in supraoccipital. Two rows of paired bones over orbit. One to three interopercular bones; two to three small postspiraculars and a presupracleithrum. Branchiostegals very variable in size, number and shape. Dorsal ridge scales with small, forwardly facing hooks; two to three small anal fin hooks. Origin of anterior edge of dorsal fin set well below dorsal margin of ridge scales. All fins with well spaced rays; pelvic fin reduced, caudal fin rounded." Line drawing from Lund 2000, p. 183: Identified by oilshale using Lund 2000. References: R. Lund (2000) The new Actinopterygian order Guildayichthyiformes from the Lower Carboniferous of Montana (USA). Geodiversitas 22(2):171-206 DiscoserraKopf.JPG.575328005dfadc7703275f617dc52a46.jfif
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From the album: Invertebrates
? Productus moorefieldanus Girty Early Carboniferous Heath Shale Formation Bear Gulch Fergus County Montana USA -
From the album: Vertebrates
Caridosuctor populosum Lund & Lund, 1984 Heath Shale Formation Early Carboniferous Serpukhovian Bear Gulch Montana USA -
With soft part preservation. Lit.: Landman, N. H., and R. A. Davis, 1988. "Jaw and crop preserved in an orthoconic nautiloid cephalopod from the Bear Gulch Limestone (Mississippian, Montana)." Mapes, R. S. 1987. "Upper Paleozoic cephalopod mandibles: frequency of occurrence, modes of preservation, and paleoecological implications". Journal of Paleontology 61: 521-538.
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- bear gulch
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Taxonomy from Fossilworks.org.Can also be found in Mazon Creek. References: F. R. Schram (1979): Worms of the Mississippian Bear Gulch Limestone of central Montana, USA. Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History. Volume 19, No 9, pp 107-120
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From the album: Invertebrates
Reticycloceras sp. Early Carboniferous Serpukhovian Heath Shale Formation Bear Gulch Montana USA -
Janvier, P. & Lund, R. 1983 – Hardistiella montaniensis from the Lower Carboniferous of Montana with remarks on the affinity of the lampreys. J. Vert. Paleont. 2, 407-413. Janvier, P. & Lund, R. 1986 – A second lamprey from the Lower Carboniferous of Bear Gulch Montana. Geobios 19, 647-652. Robert S. Sansom, Sarah E. Gabbott, and Mark A. Purnell Decay of vertebrate characters in hagfish and lamprey (Cyclostomata) and the implications for the vertebrate fossil record Proc. R. Soc. B. 2011 278 1709 1150-1157 Janvier, P., Lund, R. & Grogan, E. Further consideration of the earliest known lamprey Hardistiella montanensis, Janvier and Lund, 1983, from the Carboniferous of the Bear Gulch, Montana, U.S.A. J. Vertebrate Paleontology 24, 742-743 (2004).
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From the album: Vertebrates
Hardistella montanensis Janvier & Lund, 1983 A Lamprey Lower Carboniferous Heath Shale Formation Bear Gulch Montana USA Lit.: Janvier, P. & Lund, R. 1983 – Hardistiella montaniensis from the Lower Carboniferous of Montana with remarks on the affinity of the lampreys. J. Vert. Paleont. 2, 407-413. Janvier, P. & Lund, R. 1986 – A second lamprey from the Lower Carboniferous of Bear Gulch Montana. Geobios 19, 647-652. Robert S. Sansom, Sarah E. Gabbott, and Mark A. Purnell Decay of vertebrate characters in hagfish and lamprey (Cyclostomata) and the implications for the vertebrate fossil record Proc. R. Soc. B. 2011 278 1709 1150-1157 -
From the album: Vertebrates
Palaeoniscidae indet. "Bigeye" Early Carboniferous Serpukhovian Heath Shale Formation Bear Gulch Fergus County Montana USA -
Taken from Lund, Richard, and Grogan, E.D., 2005, Bear Gulch web site, www.sju.edu/research/bear_gulch, 14/11/2016, page last updated 2/1/2006: "Heteropetalus elegantulus is an elegantly slim little euchondrocephalan with many different tooth shapes along its jaws. It ranges to only about 4 inches in length. Skull, jaws, and dentition place it close to Debeerius. It is common in the weedier shallow water areas. There are no scales, except for a small patch at the rear of the dorsal fin of males. Lateral line canals of the head are supported by rather large highly modified scales. Heteropetalus has an almost eel-like body, a protocercal tail, rounded and very flexible pectoral fins midway up the sides of the body, and a single long flexible undulatory dorsal fin (preceded by a small fin spine). All these features indicate a maneuverer in weedy or reef-like environments as well as along the bottom. Mature males have a distinctly strengthened, hooked and denticulated posterior end of the dorsal fin; the dorsal fin of males was significantly higher than that of females. This dorsal fin dimorphism is similar to that seen in the Gouramies, modern bony tropical fish available in any pet store. They have a very small mouth, with the teeth crowded to the front of the jaws, and a variety of plucking, nipping, and crunching teeth. The jaw suspension itself is rather flexible to give it a certain amount of both lateral and fore-and-aft motion. The bright yellow spots in the dorsal view of a head are the inner ears, and the yellow is from iron oxide particles that were bio-concentrated during the life of this fish. H. elegantulus was originally described as a petalodont, but subsequent discoveries proved it to be otherwise; it is closely related to Debeerius ellefseni." This fish is clearly a male as shown by the claspers. References: Lund, R. (1977). A new petalodont (Chondrichthyes, Bradyodonti) from the Upper Mississippian of Montana. Annals of Carnegie Museum, 46 (19): 129-155. Grogan E.D. & Lund, R. (2000). Debeerius ellefseni (Fam. Nov., Gen. Nov., Spec. Nov.), an autodiastylic chondrichthyan from the Mississippian Bear Gulch Limestone of Montana (USA), the relationships of the Chondrichthyes, and comments on gnathostome evolution. Journal of Morphology, 243 (3): 219-245.
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A modern Ratfish, Bischoff Island, British Columbia, Canada (from Wikipedia: Clark Anderson/Aquaimages) Lit.: Grogan, E. Lund, R. 2002: The geological and biological environment of the Bear Gulch Limestone (Mississippian of Montana, USA) and a model for its deposition. Geodiversitas 2002, 24 (2): 296-315 Lund, R. 1977 - Echinochimaera meltoni new genus and species (Chimaeriformes), from the Mississippian of Montana. Annals of Carnegie Museum, 46 (13): 195-221. Hagadorn, J.: Bear Gulch: An exceptional Upper Carboniferous Plattenkalk
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- bear gulch
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Taxonomy from Fossilworks.org Diagnosis from Lund & Poplin 2000, p. 429: "Aesopichthyidae up to 9 cm long, with a subterminal mouth; single median rostropostrostral remote from the rim of the mouth; premaxillae small and loose, not meeting in the midline, resulting in a median rostral notch; vertically oriented pillar-shaped antorbital; three infraorbitals, the first is below and posterior to the orbit, the third is T-shaped and contacts the nasal anterodorsally; suborbitals thin, one large and occasionally up to three; dermosphenotic small, triangular; two paired extrascapulars; tear-drop shaped maxilla; mandible with short, anterior, toothed portion, a coronoid process and greatly overlapped by maxilla; a single row of marginal teeth on the premaxilla, maxilla and dentary; preoperculum, high, nearly vertical with a long quadratojugal line; operculum shorter anteroposteriorly than suboperculum, vertical to long axis of the fish; seven to eight branchiostegal rays; characteristic ornamentation of the dermal skull with heavy transverse ganoine ridges on the rostropostrostral, prominent, thick and posteriorly pointed tubercles on the skull roof, but significant ganoine absent from suborbitals, preoperculum and dermohyal; first infraorbital and extrascapulars fringed with sharp posterior spikes; pectoral fin with well spaced, unbranched, entirely articulated rays; dorsal fin with contiguous and entirely articulated rays except the seven posterior ones which are separated, unarticulated and borne by a short scaled lobe; caudal fin equilobate and deeply cleft with webbed rays; 12 to 14 median scutes continuous from skull to dorsal fin, and small scutes between dorsal and caudal fins. For meristics and morphometrics see Table 1." Line drawing from Lund & Poplin 2000, p. 439: Identified by oilshale using Lund & Poplin 2000. References: Lund R. & Poplin C. 2000. — Two new deep-bodied Actinopterygians from Bear Gulch, (Montana, USA, Lower Carboniferous). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 20: 428-449. Fossil Fishes of Bear Gulch
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- aesopichthys
- bear gulch
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Taxonomy from Fossilworks.org. Diagnosis from Lund & Lund 1984, p. 239: " Marine rhabdodermatids having large dentary, precoronoid and ectopterygoid teeth. The preorbital region is higher and more rounded than in other rhabdodermatids, the cheek bones deeply overlap each other and the operculum. The operculum articulates with the tabular and the posterior margin of the tabular is level with the posterior margin of the skull. Tubercular ornamentation is sparse on the anterior skull-roof and preorbital region, dense on the very thin cheek bones of large individuals. Dense vermiform ornamentation is found on operculum and angular behind the angular pit line; sparse linear ridges on skull-roof posterior to intracranial joint. The first dorsal fin plate has ventral processes indicating fusion from supraneural elements. The second dorsal fin is anteroposteriorly elongated and bears a posterior articulation for the fin axis, and the anal plate, which rarely ossifies, is a simple rod in the ventral body wall, anterior to the first hemal spine. Pelvic plates are very broad anteriorly, with 3 major and one minor anterior lateral process. The size ranges from 79 mm to 219 mm in standard length. Elliptical caudal fin and cylindrical body form." Line drawing from Lund & Lund 1984, p 239: Identified by oilshale using Lund & Lund 1984. References: Lund, R., Lund, W. (1984) New genera and species of coelacanths from the Bear Gulch Limestone (Lower Carboniferous) of Montana (USA). Geobios, 17, fasc 2:237-244. Lund, R., Lund, W. (1985) Coelacanths from the Bear Gulch Limestone (Namurian) of Montana and the evolution of the Coelacanthiformes. Bull. Carnegie Mus. Nat. Hist. 25, pp 1-74. Link: Fossil Fishes of Bear Gulch
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Taxonomy from Lund & Poplin 2002. Diagnosis for P. hibbardi from Lund & Melton 1982, p. 486: "Tarrasioid fishes ranging in length to 136 mm; the maximum head length/total length ratio is 0.155; maximum body height total/length ratio is 0.172; the total length/snout-vent length ratio is 1.746. There are 27 to 29 precaudal vertebral arches and 68 to 73 precaudal scale rows. There are 28 to 31 scale rows above the lateral line at the anal notch and 50 to 54 rows below the lateral line. There are 27 to 28 caudal vertebral arches, disappearing at the downturn of the tail, and 78 to 81 caudal scale rows. There are approximately 4 jointed, unbranched fin rays to each vertebral arch." Line drawing from Lund & Melton 1982, p. 489: Identified by oilshale using Lund & Melton 1982. References: R. Lund and W. G. Melton Jr. 1982. A new actinopterygian fish from the Mississippian Bear Gulch limestone of Montana. Palaeontology 25(3):485-498. R. Lund and C. Poplin 2002. Cladistic analysis of the relationships of the Tarrasiids (Lower Carboniferous Actinopterygians). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 22:480-486.
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Lit.: EDWIN K. MAUGHAN and ALBERT E. ROBERTS (1967): Big Snowy and Amsden Groups and the Mississippian-Pennsylvanian Boundary in Montana. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 554 7 B Lutz-Garihan, A.B. (1979). Brachiopods from the Upper Mississippian Bear Gulch Limestone of Montana. Neuvieme Congres International de Stratigraphie et de Geologie du Carbonifere. Compte Rendu Vol. 5: 457-467 pp. EDIT: Subperiod is Mississippian and Epoch is Late.
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Taxonomy from Fossilworks.org. Diagnosis from Lund & Poplin 1997, p. 467: "Wendyichthys with the following characters: dermosphenotic small, lateral to the anterior part of the frontal and with a slight variable contact with the nasal; thin sclerotic boues; two suborbitals not in contact with each other nor with the surrounding bones, occasionally with one additional anamestic element; maxilla with a sharp posteroventral angle; one row of marginal teeth; operculum in tight contact with suboperculum; 12—13 branchiostegal rays; presence of an extralateral gular on each side of the median gular; six to eight ridge scales midway between the skull and the dorsal fin; three to four ridge scales immediate in front of dorsal fin origin. For meristics and morphometrics see Table 1." Line drawing from Lund & Poplin 1997, p. 472: Identified by oilshale using Lund & Poplin 1997. References: Lund R. & Poplin C. 1997. — The Rhadinichthyids (Palaeoniscoid, Actinopterygians) from the Bear Gulch Limestone of Montana (USA, Lower Carboniferous). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 17: 466-486.
