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  1. Frightmares

    Tyrannosaurus rex tooth

    From the album: Dinosaur Teeth

    Tyrannosaurus rex tooth from Hell Creek Formation, South Dakota.
  2. Frightmares

    IMG_6628.jpeg

    From the album: Dinosaur Teeth

  3. ThePhysicist

    Pectinodon bakkeri

    From the album: Hell Creek / Lance Formations

    Pectinodon (meaning "comb-tooth") is a tooth taxon, since no remains attributable to the genus beyond teeth have been found. Pectinodon seems to be a rare member of the Hell Creek fauna, with their teeth being fairly uncommon (though being so small, I'd guess that few people actively search for them). It was a small Troodontid theropod, with teeth that couldn't handle stresses as well as their Dromaeosaurid and Tyrannosaurid cousins (Torices et al. (2018)). This coupled with their small size suggest that Pectinodon was a small/soft prey specialist, preferring the rodent-sized mammals of the time, lizards, insects, etc. Some researchers have proposed omnivory as a possibility for Troodontids (cf. Holtz et al. (1998)). Troodontids famously are regarded as among the most intelligent dinosaurs for their large brain size / body size ratio. This notion serves as fodder for speculation that had the dinosaurs not gone extinct, Troodontids (Pectinodon being (one of?) the last) would have continued to grow in intelligence and develop sentience and civilizations. Troodontid teeth like Pectinodon can be easily identified by their small size, exaggerated, triangular, apically oriented posterior serrations.
  4. Triceratops horridus (or prorsus) (Marsh, 1889 /1890) Late Cretaceous, c. 67 Ma Hell Creek Formation, Powder River Co., Montana After acquiring a gorgeous T. rex tooth, I could not resist the opportunity of acquiring a tooth of its likely prey - Triceratops. I’m aware of the difficulty in identifying ceratopsian teeth and the impossibility of distinguishing between T. horridus and T. prorus. As Triceratops is the most commonly encountered genus within the HCF, this is labelled as being Triceratops horridus or prorus in my collection. I understand that the locality is known for T. prorus so it may well be that this is T. prorus. I love this specimen for it still having the root - so unlikely to be a shed tooth.
  5. Tyrannosaurus rex (Osborn, 1905) Late Cretaceous, c. 67 Ma Hell Creek Formation, Isabel, Dewey Co., South Dakota, USA. It has been a dream since childhood to own a Tyrannosaurus rex tooth and my dream came true with this recent acquisition of a gorgeous T. rex 1.5” dentary tooth.
  6. Josh_irving

    Identifying Tyrannosaurid Tooth

    Hello Everyone, I bought this tooth nearly ten years ago as a Albertosaurus tooth from the Two Medicine formation, Montana, U.S.A. Whilst updating my labels I have learnt that Albertosaurus is not found in the Two Medicine Formation. As a result, i am asking if anyone can ID this tooth (i know it is very difficult or more likely impossible). I believe it is either a Distal Maxillary or a Distal Dentary tooth. The MC is 18 whilst the DC is 16 which gives it a DSDI of 1.125. The tooth is 2.90cm tall and the base of it is 1.22cm by 0.86cm. the link to some fairly high quality photos is: Tooth Id - Imgur thanks in advance, Josh
  7. Psmith8547

    Vertebrae identification

    Found these vertebra in same area as some turtle scutes but also dino bones. The large one was on a separate butte than the small ones. The small ones were from an area where I found maybe 6 more, various degrees of breakage. They are all acoelus. The largest doesn't have signs of broken neural processes. All have that hourglass shaped groove down the back between series of ridges. I can't find similar configurations anywhere. Turtle?
  8. ThePhysicist

    An ecosystem on my desk

    From the album: Hell Creek / Lance Formations

    Microfossils are the means by which we can most fully appreciate the diversity of a past ecosystem. From salamanders to Tyrannosaurus, an ancient river captured and preserved dozens of species that lived in Montana 66 million years ago, at the terminus of the time of dinosaurs. In this small collection alone, I count at least 27 species of dinosaur, lizard, crocodile, fish, shark, salamander, turtle, mammal, and mollusk.
  9. ThePhysicist

    Nodosauridae cf. Denversaurus

    From the album: Hell Creek / Lance Formations

    A river-tumbled Nodosaurid tooth (cousin of the club-tailed Ankylosaurids), possibly Denversaurus. Found in a channel deposit.
  10. ThePhysicist

    Galagadon nordquistae

    From the album: Hell Creek / Lance Formations

    One species I was hoping to find - a small Orectolobiform shark from the Hell Creek formation. It was named in 2019 for its teeth shaped like the spaceships in "Galaga." Amended from Gates 2019: “Orectolobiform shark possessing the following autapomorphies: central cusp with distinctly swollen lingual face forming a clearly demarcated constriction, or neck, between the cusp and the root; labial surface of central cusp ornamented with a raised ridge or closely arrayed plications, which in most cases are distributed in such a pattern as to follow the slope of the heels; convex heels, well developed both mesial and distal to the central cusp with a distinct convex angle mid-distance along slope seen in anterior teeth and some lateral teeth. This taxon is further differentiated by the following suite of shared characters: anterior teeth possess distinct, high central cusp; heels on lateral teeth slightly serrated; heels of anterior teeth and some lateral teeth do not slope gradually toward root lobes, but are instead squared-off or rounded at their terminus; one or two rounded diminutive cusplets may be present although this trait varies among individual teeth; apron is generally broadly rounded and shows a bifid habit on some but not all specimens; root lobes enlarged on [labial] side of tooth compared to more constricted structure on [lingual] side, bestowing an exaggerated heart-shape in basal view; a central foramen pierces between the root lobes with the foramen divided by thin struts in some teeth.”
  11. ThePhysicist

    Richardoestesia isosceles

    From the album: Hell Creek / Lance Formations

    Richardoestesia teeth have very fine serrations. A couple of mm of the tip was reattached after I found it in the matrix I was scrupulously searching.
  12. ThePhysicist

    Varanoid lizard

    From the album: Hell Creek / Lance Formations

    A monitor lizard from the very end of the Cretaceous. The carinae are slightly serrated, and in basal view the mesial carina projects from the silhouette like a wing.
  13. ThePhysicist

    Metatherian mammal

    From the album: Hell Creek / Lance Formations

    Among the iridescent mollusk shell shrapnel, lies a molar from a small Cretaceous mammal.
  14. ThePhysicist

    Lonchidion selachos

    From the album: Hell Creek / Lance Formations

    A hybodont "shark" found in a channel deposit. This was among the last of the hybodonts - a group that spanned nearly 300 million years before going extinct along with the non-avian dinosaurs 66 million years ago.
  15. ThePhysicist

    Restesia americana

    From the album: Hell Creek / Lance Formations

    An Orectolobiform shark that swam the rivers of the Hell Creek ecosystem. Their teeth closely resemble those of the modern carpet shark, the "wobbegong." This was found in matrix from a channel deposit.
  16. ThePhysicist

    Pectinodon tooth

    From the album: Hell Creek / Lance Formations

    Pectinodon (meaning "comb-tooth") is a tooth taxon, since no remains attributable to the genus beyond teeth have been found. Pectinodon seems to be a rare member of the Hell Creek fauna, with their teeth being fairly uncommon (though being so small, I'd guess that few people actively search for them). It was a small Troodontid theropod, with teeth that couldn't handle stresses as well as their Dromaeosaurid and Tyrannosaurid cousins (Torices et al. (2018)). This coupled with their small size suggest that Pectinodon was a small/soft prey specialist, preferring the rodent-sized mammals of the time, lizards, insects, etc. Some researchers have proposed omnivory as a possibility for Troodontids (cf. Holtz et al. (1998)). Troodontids famously are regarded as among the most intelligent dinosaurs for their large brain size / body size ratio. This notion serves as fodder for speculation that had the dinosaurs not gone extinct, Troodontids (Pectinodon being (one of?) the last) would have continued to grow in intelligence and develop sentience and civilizations. Troodontid teeth like Pectinodon can be easily identified by their small size, exaggerated, triangular, apically oriented posterior serrations.
  17. ThePhysicist

    Dromaeosaurid

    From the album: Hell Creek / Lance Formations

    A small tooth from a Dromaeosaurid "raptor" dinosaur, located in an anterior position in the mouth. Found in a channel deposit.
  18. ThePhysicist

    Baby Leptoceratops

    From the album: Hell Creek / Lance Formations

    Triceratops's smaller cousin, this Ceratopsian lacked horns. Note the single root. This is a very small tooth, likely from a baby (the root being present also means that unfortunately this dinosaur did not survive into adulthood).
  19. ThePhysicist

    Metatherian

    From the album: Hell Creek / Lance Formations

    A mammal tooth from the group that includes the marsupials. Found in a channel deposit, it's remarkable that the roots are still intact.
  20. ThePhysicist

    Pachycephalosaurid?

    From the album: Hell Creek / Lance Formations

    A river-worn, shed Ornithischian dinosaur tooth found in a channel deposit. Despite its rough shape, the prominent central ridge and denticles make me think it's Pachycephalosaurid.
  21. ThePhysicist

    Juvenile Tyrannosaurus rex Tooth

    Identification Though smaller than many imagine T. rex teeth to be, this is indisputably one. It is characteristically robust, and has chisel-shaped denticles with similar denticle densities on each carina.1 Those qualities support its identification as a Tyrannosaurid, and with the locality information confirming it originated from the Hell Creek formation, this must be T. rex. Comments Like most isolated theropod teeth, this is a shed tooth, likely lost during feeding.2 This specimen has exquisite preservation with the enamel texture sharply retained as in life. It however has minor weathering with possible feeding wear at the tip, light root etching, and the base of the tooth has been lightly smoothed possibly by tumbling in an ancient river (enamel is harder so it wouldn't have weathered as much as other portions of the tooth). References 1. Smith, Joshua B. “Heterodonty in Tyrannosaurus Rex: Implications for the Taxonomic and Systematic Utility of Theropod Dentitions.” Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, vol. 25, no. 4, 2005, pp. 865–87. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/4524513. 2. Fiorillo, Anthony R., and Philip J. Currie. “Theropod Teeth from the Judith River Formation (Upper Cretaceous) of South-Central Montana.” Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, vol. 14, no. 1, 1994, pp. 74–80. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/4523546.
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