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A short paper and article on sauropod teeth from North Africa. Nothing new just more info. Paper https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338689936_Sauropod_dinosaur_fossils_from_the_Kem_Kem_and_extended_'Continental_Intercalaire'_of_North_Africa_A_review Article: https://theconversation.com/what-we-learned-from-dinosaur-teeth-in-north-africa-130894
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This bone was purchased a while ago from a Moroccan dealer. Could come from the Kem Kem beds although I have not found the typical attachment of sediment to this bone, therefore my doubt about the origin. According to the dealer it is from a dinosaur. Can anyone confirm this?
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Quite a while ago, I made a post talking about Kem Kem Pterosaurs, well since then I got more information, and new Information has been published. I specifically want to talk about Teeth. Now, the only toothed Pterosaurs we are aware off in Kem Kem are Ornithocheiraens, the clade that includes Ornithocheirids (not in all Versions though), Targaryendraconids, Cimoliopterids, Anhanguerids and Hamipterids. All of these besides Hamipterids and Cimoliopterids are possibly present in Kem Kem. So in my last post I claimed that the Teeth you can find should be labelled as Coloborhynchinae indet. based on the fact that Sirrocopteryx, and Coloborhynchus fluviferox are the only known Ornithicheiraens from Kem Kem, this was wrong. There are 5, or possibly 6 Taxa of Ornithocheiraen present in the Kem Kem Beds, I can only go into detail with 4. Sirrocopteryx: Now Sirrocopteryx is an interesting case, I have heard claims of it being an Anhanguerid, but as of now, I cant confidently say this to be true, so I will stay with the identification of it being a Coloborhynchine Ornithocheirid. Now, what Ornithocheirids have Teeth we can reference? Ferrodraco and Mythunga. (Image 1 in order) We can see roughly triangular very robust teeth in Mythunga, or rather long conical teeth that are still very robust. Image 2 is a Pterosaur Tooth which was sold on FossilEra, and it may most likely reflect Sirrocopteryx, but.... Coloborhynchus fluviferox: This is another Coloborhynchine from the Kem Kem Beds, it also is the largest Ornithocheiraen in Kem Kem, due to it's existence it's probably better to identify your Teeth of this Morphotype as Coloborhynchinae indet. Anhangueridae: Wellnhofer and Buffetaut, 1999 describe a very interesting Pterosaur tooth, "The teeth of morphotype IV are very ro- bust, large and recurved. In cross-section the teeth are rounded lingually, but flattened labially. A carina is de- veloped only along the posterior edge. The enamel pat- tern varies, but, in general, appears to be similar to the pattern of the other morphotypes. The surface of the enamel is smooth. The flattened labial surface of the den- tine is slightly wrinkled. The rounded surface of the lingual side is sculptured by fine, parallel, longitudinal striae and wrinkles. The length of the teeth preserved ranges from 28 to 39 mm." (Image 3) Wellnhofer claims these Teeth could be tentatively reffered to Anhanguera, but Anhangueridae indet. is preffered here. Targaryendraconidae: In (Pêgas et al. 2019) the Taxon Targaryendraco got described, which formed the basis of a new pterosaur family, Targaryendraconidae, in the same paper they describe "[...] are several isolated teeth that are elongate, striated, slightly recurved and elliptical in cross-section; including specimens from the Kem-Kem Beds, Cenomanian of Morocco" (Image 4) This is it, till the other new Taxa get published I cant say anything more, but I hope this post was useful to some. References: Rodrigo V. Pêgas, Borja Holgado & Maria Eduarda C. Leal (2019): On Targaryendracowiedenrothi gen. nov. (Pterodactyloidea, Pteranodontoidea, Lanceodontia) and recognition of a new cosmopolitan lineage of Cretaceous toothed pterodactyloids, Historical Biology, DOI: 10.1080/08912963.2019.1690482 Pterosaur remains from the Cretaceous of Morocco PETER WELLNHOFER, Mtinchen & ERIC BUFFETAUT, Paris A new species of Coloborhynchus (Pterosauria, Ornithocheiridae) from the mid-Cretaceous of North Africa Megan L Jacobs, David M Martill, Nizar Ibrahim, Nick Longrich
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Hi all, I have another fossil here for your inspection please. It seems to be a Spinosaurid partial neural spine but I cannot be sure. @Troodon @LordTrilobite
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Hi all, I acquired a partial Spinosauridae caudal spine recently from the Kem Kem Beds. However, I was told that this is a dinosauria indet. rib. The digger who provided me the fossil is experienced and trustworthy. Still, I would like to hear your thoughts on this fossil. Thank you. EDIT: Two others suggested that this is part of a scapula
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A very interesting paper authored some notable paleontologists. I was able to see a copy of the pre-proof paper. It describes 2 new cervical vertebrae and also reviews published material that provided an interesting insite into the Abelisauroids of the Kem Kem. Abelisauroids include both Abelisauridae and Noasauridae families. To summarize some of the conclusions: 1) One of the cervicals FSAC-KK-5016 established the presence of a small-bodied noasaurid taxon with similarities to Masiakasaurus of Madagascar. Further discoveries of this noasaurid are necessary to determine if it resembles Masiakasaurus in other aspects of its anatomy, such as a piscivory adapted dentition. One small tooth (GZG.V.19999), described by Richter et al. (2013) as abelisaurid-like was noted as similar to the teeth of Masiakasaurus. If Deltadromeus proves to be a noasaurid, which the paper suggest, then there are at least two noasaurid taxa present in the Kem Kem assemblage. 2) The second cervical an axis vertebra FSAC-KK-5015 is referred to as a small basal Abelisauridae that is neither a Carnotaurinae nor Majungasaurinae. 3) In reference to Richters et al paper (2013) the authors concluded that multivariate analysis may not be suitable for distinguishing dromaeosaurids or abelisaurids, but added that the small sample size (3 teeth for the morphotype: NMB-1671-R; GZG.V.19997; GZG.V.19998) decreased the accuracy of the results. It is possible that the teeth referred to Dromaeosauridae by Richter et al. (2013) are also noasaurid in origin. 4) A review of previously published material was also conducted and the following statement was made "The abelisaurid Rugops from the Eckhar Formation of Niger is here confirmed to also be present in the Kem Kem beds. " very cool... Paywalled https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0195667119303738 Abelisauroid cervical vertebrae from the Cretaceous Kem Kem beds of Southern Morocco and a review of Kem Kem abelisauroids Robert S. H. Smyth, Nizar Ibrahima, Alexander Kao, David M. Martill FSAC-KK-5016 represents the smallest described dinosaur in the K K (green) FSAC-KK-5015 represents a small bodied Abelisauridae (blue)
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We did a lot more work on our shark stuff this summer than dinosaurs but we did change how display the non touch fossils. We added a few new items too but stayed light on additions. First up is our updated Cretaceous North Africa display. We added a really nice theropod tooth that fits @Troodon ‘s Morph Type 4 Dromaeosaurid-like profile hence the label for the program. We explain the ID difficulties of fossils so for a tooth like this they know we are not sure of what critter had this tooth. I am pretty happy with how this one looks. We give a nice picture of Cretaceous North Africa from two different times. This is an important part of our program and we have some nice fossils I think. We also have two touch fossils with this section. A limb bone that we go with Spino as the critter and one is a theropod very that we use to talk about Deltadromeus.
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Hello, so I was thinking about buying this piece but i would love it if I could remove the matrix from it to make it look better. Is this possible? Thanks-
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Carcharodontosaurus tooth.
anastasis008 posted a topic in Is It Real? How to Recognize Fossil Fabrications
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Although the paper is paywalled the abstract provides some interesting insights The hypothesized aquatic habits of Spinosaurus have been called into question, and the distribution of aquatic habits within Spinosauridae remain unclear. New spinosaurid specimens from the Kem Kem beds of Morocco reveal aquatic adaptations in the cranium. 1) Elevated orbits and bending of the frontals placed the eyes atop the skull, as in semiaquatic animals such as crocodiles and hippos. 2) Two morphologies are present, a smaller morph characterized by narrow, triangular frontals, and a larger morph characterized by broad, subrectangular frontals overlapping the prefrontals. The two morphs suggest two distinct spinosaurine taxa, and are tentatively referred to the spinosaurines Spinosaurus cf. aegyptiacus and Sigilmassasaurus brevicollis, respectively Another interesting point in the abstract: The appearance of giant semiaquatic dinosaurs may have followed the disappearance of giant pholidosaurid crocodylomorphs, suggesting that the extinction of large crocodylomorphs was associated with the rise of dinosaurs as apex predators in the freshwater ecosystem in North Africa. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0195667117303427 Aquatic adaptation in the skull of carnivorous dinosaurs (Theropoda: Spinosauridae) and the evolution of aquatic habits in spinosaurus Thomas M.S.Arden, Catherine G.Klein, SamirZouhri, Nicholas R.Longrich From outline images frontals are shown. @LordTrilobite
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Hello! I have this bone which i recieved in a lot, all bones and remains were advertised as from the Kem Kem Beds. It seems to be hollow, I think it may be crocodile? Thanks in advance for your input, could it be dinosaur? Reptile? Thanks!
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Hi, Another question about a foot claw from the Kem Kem Beds. This is a weird looking claw that may or may not be theropod. It is quite robust and is 7cm in length, though i am having trouble telling which angles of the claw the photos come from. It does look like the underside has a couple of circular depression spots which could indicate theropod, though i am not confident and wanted to ask for opinions whether theropod is the likely candidate. Thanks.
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I have been working on finding a Dromaeosaur indet tooth from Morocco for a few months. Most of the "raptor" teeth from the Kem Kem beds I have seen labeled as such ended up being more similar to the Abelisaur indet teeth and those I have found were over priced or gone before I could get then. This one is different and appears to fit the general profile of what I am looking for pretty well. I do not think it is a Carch and it does not look like an Abelisaur either. At the very minimum, and hopefully @Troodon agrees with me, it seems a good candidate for a multi-variant analysis. Any thoughts ?
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Kem Kem Material For Sale
Troodon posted a topic in Is It Real? How to Recognize Fossil Fabrications
There is quite of bit Kem Kem dinosaur material coming on the market and some of it quite good. Will try address the identification issue on some items so at least you will know what your bidding on. This appears to match quite well with a Spinosaurid ilium, seller calls it a pelvic bone. Looks quite nice, complete with a concern are the areas circled in white. Not sure it's bone or matrix. Seller does comment on filled fractures and some are visible but that should not detract from the piece. What the seller is offering here is a Spinosaurus phalanx and claw toe bones. What I believe you have here is a Spinosaurid foot claw and a carpal (hand bone). So think about this listing as two separate bones not associated in any way. This is a listing of a Spinosaurus complete finger with claw. What I believe you have are 3 carpals from a Spinosaurid that are completely unassociated and are not a good match as a composite. Hard to say much about the claw other that it appears to be a foot claw of what cannot determine with photos provided. Again like the one above if you're interested in this bid it as 4 separate items. Seller has this as a Spinosaurus phalanx toe bone. I find it difficult to call this one since its a partial but looks more like a carpal. I dont think you can ID this to any specific critter, not much diagnostic and we know so little. Seller is offering these as 4 Spinosaurus phalanx toe bones. The two on the left look like carpals, probably from a Spinosaurid. The one on the far right is a phalanx but it's hard to determine from what dinosaur. The second from the right to fragmented to say. Seller here has 4 Spinosaurus phalanx toe bone for sale. They are toe bones and may be from Spinosaurid but who knows there are lots of other theropods in this region and identifying isolated bones is very difficult. If interested they should be identified as theropod indeterminate. Being offered as a Spinosaurus phalanx toe bone. It might be from a Spinosaurid but have same comments as above- 28 replies
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Acquired from a British fossil dealer in November 2018. Labeled Carcharodontosauridae indent. due to the presence of at least two carcharodontosaurids (Carcharodontosaurus saharicus and Sauroniops pachytholus) in the Kem Kem Beds.
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I've been looking for Moroccan pterosaur teeth, and have found this one from the Kem Kem beds for sale. I know there's fish teeth being sold as pterosaur teeth so I wanted to ask if anyone out there could confirm whether this is from a pterosaur? Thanks!
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From the album: WhodamanHD's Fossil collection.
Four fragments that came with two other labeled theropod too the fragments. These are highly worn and poor in quality which makes me believe that it could be any bone from any thing. Bought online. -
From the album: WhodamanHD's Fossil collection.
This is a tooth section from morroco, bought online with some other tooth fragments. -
From the album: WhodamanHD's Fossil collection.
Spinosaurid tooth purchased from store. Labeled spinosaurus sp. from morroco.-
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From the album: WhodamanHD's Fossil collection.
Pterosaur tooth bough to online. From morroco, and I assume siroccopteryx.-
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Picture taken under both UV and ordinary light References: Garassino, A., De Angeli, A. & Pasini, G. (2008): New decapod assemblage from the Upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian-Turonian) of Gara Sbaa, southeastern Morocco. Atti Soc. it. Sci. nat. Museo civ. Stor. nat. Milano, 149 (I): 37-67, Gennaio 2008
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Line drawing from Taverne and Capasso, 2023, p. 490. References: Taverne, L. and Capasso, L. (2023). Osteology and phylogenetic relationships of Agoultpycnodus aldrovandii gen. and sp. nov., a new pycnodont fish genus (Pycnodontidae) from the marine Upper Cretaceous of Morocco. Geo-Eco-Trop., 2021, 45, 3: 487-495. Taverne, L. and Capasso, L. (2023). Erratum: Osteology and phylogenetic relationships of Agoultpycnodus aldrovandii gen. and sp. nov., a new pycnodont fish genus (Pycnodontidae) from the marine Upper Cretaceous of Morocco. Geo-Eco-Trop., 2021, 45, 4 : 709-71
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Lit.: Martill, D., Ibrahim, N. Brito, P., Baider, L., Zhouri, S.. Loveridge, R., Naish, D. and Hing, R. (2011): A new Plattenkalk Konservat Lagerstätte in the Upper Cretaceous of Gara Sbaa, south-eastern Morocco. Cretaceous Research 32 (2011) 433-446 Cavin, L. & Dutheil, D. (1999) A new Cenomanian ichthyofauna from southeastern Morocco and its relationships with other early Late Cretaceous Moroccan faunas. Geologie en Mijnbouw 78: 261–266, 1999. Cavin, L., H. Tong, L. Boudad, C. Meister, A. Piuz, J. Tabouell, M. Aarab, R. Amiot, E. Buffetaut, G. dyke, S. Hua, and J. Le Loeuff (2010): Vertebrate assemblages from the early Late Cretaceous of southeastern Morocco: an overview. Journal of African Earth Sciences 57:391–412
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