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Found 4 results

  1. Joseph Fossil

    The Missouri Tyrannosaur

    In a previous post, I discussed if Tyrannosaurus rex (Tyrannosaur, Western North America) (Late Cretaceous 68-66 Million Years ago) was able to colonize Eastern North America as the Western Interior Seaway retreat by the early Maastrichtian (I received excellent feedback from other four members, notably @Troodon, that this was prevented by the KT Mass Extinction event 66 Million Years ago). As a result, I don't believe Tyrannosaurus rex was able to effectively colonize Eastern North America (as far as I'm currently aware). However, looking over some records of Late Cretaceous Tyrannosaur fossils, I do believe that a Tyrannosaurid (Yes a Tyrannosaurid) was able to colonize part of Eastern North America in the area of what is today Chronister well, Bollinger County, Missouri! Not much is known about this Tyrannosaur genera, but here is the info I could find on it! Unnamed Tyrannosauroidea genus (Tyrannosaur) (McNair Sand Member of the Ripley Formation-Missouri, US, North America) (Late Cretaceous, 70-66 Million Years ago) (Size unknown) http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=collectionSearch&taxon_no=38606&max_interval=Cretaceous&country=United States&state=Missouri&is_real_user=1&basic=yes&type=view&match_subgenera=1 https://www.lakeneosho.org/Ozarks/Chronister2.html https://www.sos.mo.gov/CMSImages/Publications/symbols/dinosauressay.pdf Photographs of the Chonister well Tyrannosaur specimens have also been tricky to find, the only ones I've found were shown during an August 2016 Science in St. Louis Seminar series lecture by Geologist Dr. Micheal Fix, Ph.D., Associate Teaching Professor, Department of Physics of University of Missouri-St.Louis titled Monster in the Hollow: The Story of Missouri's Ozark Dinosaurs. The presentation also showed a photograph of a decent sized Dromeaosaurid tooth from the same site in Missouri!
  2. Along with an interest in Pennsylvanian fish diversity, I've also had an interest (like many others studying Paleontology) in the diversity of Dinosaur genera during the Cretaceous era (particularly the Theropod diversity in North America during the Maastrichtian period 72.1-66 Million years ago). Compared to the preceding Campanian period (83.6-72.1 Million years ago), I've noticed there is a slightly less number of known Tyannosauridae genera in Western North America (at the time a separate continent known as Laramidia). I've come up with a list of confirmed known and possible Tyrannosauridae genera during the Maastrichtian period in Western North America and Eastern North America. Eastern North America (at the time a separate continent known as Appalachia) Dryptosaurus Donoho Creek Formation Tyrannosauridae genera (possibly Appalachiosaurus) https://palaeo-electronica.org/content/2018/2123-appalachia-biogeography Chronister well (Ripley Formation) Tyrannosauridae genera http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=collectionSearch&taxon_no=38606&max_interval=Cretaceous&country=United States&state=Missouri&is_real_user=1&basic=yes&type=view&match_subgenera=1 Western North America (Laramidia) Tyrannosaurus Rex Nanuqsaurus (Prince Creek Formation) Albertosaurus (more early Maastrichtian to around 68 Million Years ago) ?"Alamotyrannus" (could also be a species of Tyrannosaurus - ?Tyrannosaurus brinkmani) ?"Daspletosaurus sp. (Horseshoe Canyon Formation) (specimen CMN 11315) (more early Maastrichtian to around 68 Million Years ago) https://cdnsciencepub.com/doi/10.1139/cjes-2014-0072 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7079176/ I'm wondering if this is an accurate list, why is there a dip in Tyrannosauridae diversity in Eastern and Western North America after the Campanian (was it a result of the Deccan Volcanic eruptions in India around the same time, at least for Western North America (if this theory is current) the Native Western North American Tyrannosaur genera being outcompeted by the Eurasian ancestors of Tyrannosaurus Rex arriving in North America via a land bridge during the late Campanian Early Maastrichtian, or both), the status on the taxonomic validity of Alamotyrannus, was Nanuqusaurus present during the later part of the Maastrichtian, and did Albertosaurus and Tyrannosaurus Rex ever come into direct contact with one another?
  3. Around 66 Million years ago, at the end of the Maastrichtian stage of the Late Cretaceous period, an astroid struck what is now the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico. The subsequent impact and its effects caused the KT mass extinction event. The event wiped out 75% of all life on Earth. This included all the non-avian dinosaurs and most genera of marine reptiles. The end of the event also heralded the beginning of the Cenozoic era with the Paleocene period (66.0-56.0 Million years ago), and the dawn of the age of the mammals (one of the survivors from the Cretaceous Paleocene extinction event). But what most people don't realize is that in large areas of the planet, mammals didn't immediately takeover over the top ecological niches the Non-Avian Dinosaurs left vacant. That is because many surviving reptile groups filled those voids first (albeit briefly). In many parts of the globe, The Paleocene was still the age of the reptiles. https://news.agu.org/press-release/scientists-reconstruct-ancient-impact-that-dwarfs-dinosaur-extinction-blast/ A Geologic Time Scale 2004. (2004). Nigeria: Cambridge University Press. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6842625 This was partly due to the fact that the climate of the Paleocene and Eocene was generally hotter than today, which favored Ectothermic reptiles. As a result, these reptiles quickly grew to large body sizes and many filled the voids left vacant by the extinction of the endothermic non-avian theropod dinosaurs. Here is a list of these reptiles which hopefully demonstrates the diversity of these incredible creatures during the Paleocene. Let me know if I forgot any examples. North America - Thoracosaurus neocesariensis (Gavialoidea) (Late Cretaceous-Paleocene (70.6-56.0 Million Years ago)) (Note: Thoracosaurus species could grow up to 5 meters (16 feet) in length) Kosmodraco dakotensis (Choristodera) (Paleocene (60.2-56.8 Million Years ago) (Note: Kosmodraco dakotensis could grow up to 5 meters (16 feet) in length) Kosmodraco magnicornis (Choristodera) (Paleocene (56.8-55 Million Years ago)) Champsosaurus gigas (Choristodera) (Paleocene) (Note: Champsosaurus gigas could grow up to 3 meters (9 feet) in length) Borealosuchus acutidentatus (Crocodylomorpha) (Late Cretaceous-Paleocene (66.0-63.3 Million Years ago)) Axestemys splendida (Soft-shell turtle-Trionychidae) (Late Cretaceous-Paleocene) (Note: Axestemys species could grow up to 2 meters (6 feet) in length) Axestemys montinsana (Soft-shell turtle-Trionychidae) (Late Cretaceous-Paleocene) (Note: Axestemys species could grow up to 2 meters (6 feet) in length) Adocus onerosus (turtle-Dermatemyidae) (Paleocene) (Note: Adocus species could grow up to 80 cm. (2 feet) In length) Europe - Thoracosaurus isorhynchus (Gavialoidea) (Late Cretaceous-Paleocene (70.6-56.0 Million Years ago)) (Note: Thoracosaurus species could grow up to 5 meters (16 feet) in length) South America - Cerrejonisuchus improcerus (Dyrosaurid) (Mid-Late Paleocene (60-58 Million Years ago)) Acherontisuchus guajiraensis (Dyrosaurid) (Mid-Late Paleocene (60-58 Million Years ago)) Titanoboa cerrejonensis (Boa snake-Boidae) (Mid-Late Paleocene (60-58 Million Years ago)) (Note: Titanoboa cerrejonensis could grow up to 12.8 meters (42 feet) in length) Carbonemys cofrinii (turtle-Podocnemididae) (Mid-Late Paleocene (60-58 Million Years ago)) Cerrejonemys wayuunaiki (turtle-Podocnemididae) (Mid-Late Paleocene (60-58 Million Years ago)) (Note: Cerrejonemys wayuunaiki could have grown to 1 meter (3 feet) in length)) Puentemys mushaisaensis (turtle-Bothremydidae) (Mid-Late Paleocene (60-58 Million Years ago)) (Note: Puentemys mushaisaensis could have grown to 1.51 meters (5 feet) in length)) Africa - Arambourgisuchus khouribgaensis (Dyrosaurid) (Late Paleocene (59-55 Million Years ago)) Chenanisuchus lateroculi (Dyrosaurid) (Late Cretaceous-Paleocene) (Note: Chenanisuchus lateroculi could grow up to 4.5 meters (14 feet) in length) Amananulam sanogoi (aquatic snake-Nigerophiidae) (Paleocene) Acleistochelys maliensis (turtle-Bothremydidae) (Paleocene 61.7-55.8 Million Years ago) What do you guys think?
  4. I recently found an extremely interesting paper published in the Journal of Comparative Neurology a few days ago by Professor Suzana Herculano-Houzel of Vanderbilt University about the neuron activity within the brain of the Dinosaur Tyrannosaurus rex (Western North America, Maastrichtian Cretaceous 68.0-66.0 million years ago). The study states there is evidence (based on the size of of the Cerebrum section of its brain and the hypothetical amount of neurons (of which for the study M=Millions of Neurons) present in the brain based on its size) Tyrannosaurus rex had between 2,207-3,289M telencephalic neurons in the Cerebrum section of its brain and was capable of problem solving and even forming unique cultures. Herculano‐Houzel, S. (2023). Theropod dinosaurs had primate‐like numbers of telencephalic neurons. Journal of Comparative Neurology. https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.25453 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cne.25453 Usually I'm a bit skeptical when claims like this are made, but for Tyrannosaurus rex, I'm not surprised the least bit. It's been known for quite a while the brain to body ratio of Tyrannosaurus rex is larger than that of most other dinosaurs at 1.0 kilogram in weight (with only the Raptor dinosaur Troodon likely having a larger brain to body ratio among non-avian Theropod dinosaurs). Brain Image Credit: Ashley Morhardt https://www.earthtouchnews.com/discoveries/fossils/theres-a-lot-to-learn-about-dinosaur-brains/ Larsson, H.C.E. (2001). Endocranial anatomy of Carcharodontosaurus saharicus (Theropoda: Allosauroidea) and its implications for theropod brain evolution. In: Mesozoic vertebrate life, eds Tanke D.H; Carpenter K; Skrepnick M.W. Indiana University Press, 19–33 https://anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ar.20983 The recent study A large portion of its brain was devoted to smell, but I can easily see how the size of its brain could accommodate enough neuron activity for problem solving skills and even forming cultures. What do you guys think? What do you think of the study and what would Tyrannosaurus cultures have looked like?
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