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Found 5 results

  1. oilshale

    Erismatopterus levatus (COPE, 1870)

    Erismatopterus is only known from Lake Gosiute and Lake Uinta deposits. It is one of the rarer Green River fish fossils, except in some mass mortality zones. Erismatopterus belongs together with its close relative Amphiplaga to the family Percopsidae within the order Percopsiformes. Amphiplaga is best distinguished from Erismatopterus by its dorsal fin, which has three hard spines (the first one is very small) followed by 9 or 10 soft rays. Erismatopterus usually has two hard spines followed by 6 or 7 soft spines. Amphiplaga can reach up to 15cm with an average length of about 10cm while Erismatopterus does not exceed 12cm with an average length of about 5cm. The Order Percopsiformes is a small order of North American freshwater fishes that includes three families: Amblyopsidae (cavefishes); Aphredoderidae (pirate perches); and Percopsidae (trout-perches). Closely related to neither trout nor perch, trout-perches have characteristics of both the trout and perch families. They exhibit characters of the salmonids, such as an adipose fin, cycloid scales, and soft fin rays, as well as characters of the percids, such as dorsal and anal fin spines, and ctenoid scales. Trout-perch are generally silvery in appearance, often with a partially transparent appearance, and relatively large heads and eyes. They are small fish with weak fin spines, and an adipose fin similar to those of trouts. They feed on insects and small crustaceans. Fossil percopsids are only known from North America, the current home of the extant genus Percopsis References: E. D. Cope (1877) A contribution to the knowledge of the ichthyological fauna of the Green River shales. Bulletin of the United States Geological and Geographical Survey 3(4):807-819. Grande, L. (1984) PALEONTOLOGY OF THE GREEN RIVER FORMATION, WITH A REVIEW OF THE FISH FAUNA. THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WYOMING, BULLETIN 63.
  2. Amyzon is a Catostomid fish so far known from most of the Lake Gosiute localities but not in Fossil Lake deposits or Lake Unita deposits. Taxonomy from Mindat.org. Diagnosis from Grande et al. 1982, p. 524: "A species of Amyzon which differs from all others in having the following combination of characters: body depth 36 to 44%, head length 29 to 33% of standard length; 22 to 24 principal dorsal fin rays; 34 or 35 vertebrae (including Weberian complex); long pelvic splint (unsegmented bony ray) about 50% or more of fin length. Of the six previously described species of Amyzon, A. gosiutensis most closely resembles A. aggregatum Wilson (1977) from British Columbia. Meristic and morphometric data for these two species are presented in Table 1. Amyzon gosiutensis differs from A. aggregatum in having fewer dorsal fin rays, larger maxilla length/standard length ratio, and larger preanal length/standard length ratio." Line drawing from Grande et al. 1982, p. 524: Identified by oilshale using Grande et al. 1982. References: WILSON, M. V. H. (1977): Middle Eocene freshwater fishes from British Columbia. Life Sci. Contrib. Roy. Ontario Mus. 113, 1-61. Grande, L., Eastman, J. & Cavender, T. (1982): Amyzon gosiutensis, a New Catostomid Fish from the Green River Formation. Copeia, 1982(3), 523-532.
  3. oilshale

    Asineops squamifrons COPE, 1870

    Asineops squamifrons was first described by Cope as having an affinity to the pirat perch family. Later, with more detailed study, this species was found to lack the diagnostic characters of that family. Thus it is not yet clearly assignable to order. Although this species is much rarer in the Fossil Lake sediments than in Lake Gosiute deposits, the specimens from Fossil Lake are much larger than those from Lake Gosiute.
  4. oilshale

    Astephus antiquus (Leidy, 1873)

    Astephus and Hypsidoris are both members of the Family Ictaluridae, native to North America. Green River catfish are easily recognized by their stout dorsal and pectoral spines, scale less bodies and broad skull. Ictalurid species have four pairs of barbels (or whiskers). Like modern catfish, they possessed a vibration sensitive organ called the Weberian apparatus. The Weberian apparatus consists out of specialized vertebrae at the front of the spinal column which passed vibrations to the inner ear using the swim bladder as a resonance chamber. The structure essentially acts as an amplifier of sound waves that would otherwise be only slightly perceivable by the inner ear structure alone. Normal size of Astephus is around 15cm and rarely exceeds 18cm, maximum total length is about 30cm. Hypsidoris seems to be in the same size range. The easiest way to distinguish Hypsidoris from Astephus is by counting anal fin rays; H. farsonensis has about 15 to 17 and A. antiquus has about 26. The diet of Green River catfish was probably similar to existing ictalurids consisting of plants, small fish, crayfish and mollusks. Astephus and Hypsidoris were probably bottom feeders. Astephus antiquus is unknown as a body fossil in the middle unit of Fossil Butte Member, and only one specimen has been found in all of Fossil Lake, although it is abundant in Lake Gosiute strata. The discovery of numerous and widespread fossil catfish in oil shale units of the Laney Member of the Eocene Green River Formation is evidence of aerobic conditions in the hypolimnic waters of ancient Lake Gosiute. Hypsidoris farsonensis has only been found in Lake Gosiute deposits of the Green River Formation, east of Fossil Lake. Revised Species Diagnosis from Grande & Lundberg 1988, p. 146: "An extinct genus of ictalurid catfish that differs from all other known ictalurids by the following combination of characters: lack of jawmuscle origin on the temporal region of the skull roof, the possession of villiform vomerine teeth, the possession of tooth plates lateral to the vomerine tooth plate, and the location of the cranial opening for the infraorbital canal in the sphenotic rather than the frontal. Admittedly none of these characters alone is unique to †Astephus, but the combination of all of them is. The genus appears to be unique among catfishes in having the ventral surface of the supraethmoid inclined sharply upward relative to the ventral surface of the vomer. No other characters apparently unique to the genus were discovered here." Emended Species Diagnosis from Grande & Lundberg 1988, p. 147: "A species that differs from the only other known species recognized here (tA. antiquus) by the presence of a narrower vomerine tooth patch. Also, the median supraethmoid cleft appears to be deeper and the cranial fontanelles appear to be wider than in †A. antiquus (although the latter feature is possibly an artifact of preservation)." Line drawing from Grande & Lundberg 1988, p. 151: Identified by oilshale. References: Grande, L. and J. G. Lundberg. 1988. Revision and redescription of the genus Astephus (Siluriformes: Ictaluridae) with a discussion of its phylogenetic relationships. J. Vert. Paleont 8:139–171 Grande, L. 1987. Redescription of Hypsidoris farsonensis (Teleostei: Siluriformes), with a reassessment of its phylogenetic relationships. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 7:24–54. Grande, L. and M. C. C. de Pinna. 1998. Description of a second species of the catfish Hypsidoris and a reevaluation of the genus and the family Hypsidoridae. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 18:451–474.
  5. oilshale

    Astephus antiquus (Leidy, 1873)

    Astephus and Hypsidoris are both members of the Family Ictaluridae, native to North America. Green River catfish are easily recognized by their stout dorsal and pectoral spines, scale less bodies and broad skull. Ictalurid species have four pairs of barbels (or whiskers). Like modern catfish, they possessed a vibration sensitive organ called the Weberian apparatus. The Weberian apparatus consists out of specialized vertebrae at the front of the spinal column which passed vibrations to the inner ear using the swim bladder as a resonance chamber. The structure essentially acts as an amplifier of sound waves that would otherwise be only slightly perceivable by the inner ear structure alone. Normal size of Astephus is around 15cm and rarely exceeds 18cm, maximum total length is about 30cm. Hypsidoris seems to be in the same size range. The diet of Green River catfish was probably similar to existing ictalurids consisting of plants, small fish, crayfish and mollusks. Astephus and Hypsidoris were probably bottom feeders. Astephus antiquus is unknown as a body fossil in the middle unit of Fossil Butte Member, and only one specimen has been found in all of Fossil Lake, although it is abundant in Lake Gosiute strata. The discovery of numerous and widespread fossil catfish in oil shale units of the Laney Member of the Eocene Green River Formation is evidence of aerobic conditions in the hypolimnic waters of ancient Lake Gosiute. Hypsidoris farsonensis has only been found in Lake Gosiute deposits of the Green River Formation, east of Fossil Lake. References: Grande, L. and J. G. Lundberg (1988) Revision and redescription of the genus Astephus (Siluriformes: Ictaluridae) with a discussion of its phylogenetic relationships. J. Vert. Paleont 8:139–171. Grande, L. (1987) Redescription of Hypsidoris farsonensis (Teleostei: Siluriformes), with a reassessment of its phylogenetic relationships. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 7:24–54. Grande, L. and de Pinna, M. C. C. (1998) Description of a second species of the catfish Hypsidoris and a reevaluation of the genus and the family Hypsidoridae. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 18:451–474.
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