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Hey guys, I've been off the radar for awhile .. work you know .. been working on Siggraph for those of you who are familiar with software development. Just wanted to start a new topic here .. This one is right at 3.00" - 7.62cm C. carcharias Bahia Inglesa Formation South of Caldera Provincia Copiapo III Regio de Atacama Chile
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I was just going through my unread on the forum when I found the show us your rarest shark tooth thread. As I was scrolling through this thread I noticed at least two different species of Parotodus, which I found strange, as I was only aware of Parotodus Benedini. So what are the other species of the genus Parotodus and how do you distinguish between them?
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From the album: Sonickmonx's South Carolina Finds
Some species of Parotodus. There is some speculation it is an unnamed species. -
From the album: Sonickmonx's South Carolina Finds
Some species of Parotodus. There is some speculation it is an unnamed species. -
Finally ... a discussion of fossil sharks from Morocco and transitional teeth.
Northern Sharks posted a topic in Member Collections
Santa came early here in the north country. I've been after one of these for a while and I finally got one in the mail today. It's an early, transitional form, Palaeocarcharodon orientalis. Very coarse serrations near the root fading to almost smooth at the tip. One root tip was glued back on as these teeth are very prone to damage, but I can ignore that because it's almost 2 inches long, and they don't get much bigger than that.- 156 replies
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The Post Pliocene Giant Macropredatory Sharks: Survivors of the Late Pliocene extinction event
Joseph Fossil posted a topic in General Fossil Discussion
The era between the Miocene and Pliocene (23-2.3 Million Years ago) was, like the Carboniferous era 300 Million Years before, a golden age for the Chondricthyans. Not only was there a massive explosion in the diversity of grey sharks, but there was the emergence of perhaps the largest number of large macropredatory shark genera (sharks greater than 3 meters (10 feet) in length) currently known in Earth's geologic history. This includes the Giant Thrasher Shark Alopias grandis (which grew up to 13 meters (feet) in length) and the famous Carcharocles (Otodus) megalodon (which grew up to 17 meters (55 feet) in length). https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.abm9424 But this golden era of the giant macro predatory sharks wouldn't last, for between 3.8-2.4 Million Years ago there was an extinction event of large marine fauna that killed at least 14% of large marine fauna genera, including Carcharcoles (Otodus) megalodon. Though it's not entirely clear what caused this extinction event (some have hypothesized it could've been a mild gamma ray burst), C.megalodon's decline was due to the closing of the Isthmus of Panama by 4.5 Million Years ago (an area that was a C.megalodon nursery), a decline in diatoms that caused a decline in the food sources of many whales like Cetothere whales including Cetotherium (a known food source of C. megalodon), and Competition with the recently emerged Great White Shark (Carcharodon carcharias) and Orcas (Orcinus). By the extinction events end, most of the Miocene's large predatory sharks were extinct. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6377595/ https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0084857 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318160879_The_Pliocene_marine_megafauna_extinction_and_its_impact_on_functional_diversity https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsbl.2020.0746 But there was a few genera that survived the extinction event 3.6-2.4 Million Years ago and lived long after it. These surviving taxon (likely surviving due to relying on different food sources then other large sharks of the miocene-pliocene) lived previously alongside C. megalodon and some survived up to at least the early Pleistocene (120,000-100,000 years ago). Here's a list of the large (non Great White Shark (Carcharodon carcharias)) macropredatory sharks of the late Pliocene-Early Pleistocene (If I'm missing any examples, let me know and I'll quickly add them). Hemipristis serra (Hemigaleidae, grew up to 3-5 meters (10-16 feet) in length) (Miocene-Pleistocene (Pleistocene strongholds: What is now Indonesia, Taiwan, South Carolina (U.S.), Alabama (U.S.), and Florida (U.S.)), 23.03-0.012 Million Years ago) Reconstruction 1 and 2 Image by artist @Tetrtophoneus, Image credit: https://www.deviantart.com/teratophoneus/art/Hemipristis-serra-871902574 Image by artist @HodariNundu (the two sharks below and next to the juvenile C.megalodon at the middle top are adult Hemipristis serra), Image credit: https://www.deviantart.com/hodarinundu/art/Mobbing-Meg-885731702 http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=83182 https://www.fossilguy.com/gallery/vert/fish-shark/hemipristis/hemipristis.htm https://www.researchgate.net/publication/364591134_A_previously_overlooked_highly_diverse_early_Pleistocene_elasmobranch_assemblage_from_southern_Taiwan Parotodus benedeni (Otodontidae, grew up to 7.6 meters (24.9 feet) in length) (Oligocene-Pleistocene (Pleistocene strongholds: What is now South Carolina (U.S.)), 33.9-0.012 Million Years ago) Reconstructions 1 and 2 Image by artist @imAdro, Image credit: https://www.deviantart.com/imadro/art/Parotodus-benedeni-908901669 Image by artist @SameerPrehistorica, Image credit: https://www.deviantart.com/sameerprehistorica/art/Parotodus-Size-882947974 http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=389883 https://www.petit-fichier.fr/2013/01/27/kent-b-w-1999-taille-parotodus-benedenii/? https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337937278_2019-canevet-a-review-of_the-extinct-genus-Parotodus https://www.app.pan.pl/archive/published/app63/app004542018.pdf http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=collectionSearch&taxon_no=389883&max_interval=Quaternary&country=United States&state=South Carolina&is_real_user=1&basic=yes&type=view&match_subgenera=1 https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/paleobiology/article/chondrichthyan-fossil-record-of-the-florida-platform-eocenepleistocene/2835CCEC27DC8EE0B24A5B62B1416618 Cosmopolitodus hastalis (Lamnidae, grew up to 5-7 meters (16.4-22.9 feet) in length) (Oligocene-Pleistocene (Pleistocene strongholds: What is now Japan, South Carolina (U.S.), Alabama (U.S.), and Florida (U.S.)), 30-0.012 Million Years ago) Reconstruction Image by artist @artbyjrc, Image credit: https://www.deviantart.com/artbyjrc/art/Going-to-need-a-bigger-boat-Lamnid-sharks-837971394 http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=265174 https://actapalrom.geo-paleontologica.org/Online_first/Chan_Cosmopolidus_planus.pdf Note: Cosmopolitodus hastalis was an ancestor to the extant Great White Shark (Carcharodon carcharias), along with living alongside the Great White Shark (Carcharodon carcharias) between the Miocene-Pleistocene. However, Cosmopolitodus hastalis’s being a member of the genus Carcharodon has yet to be confirmed). I hope you all find this helpful?- 1 reply
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The Chondricthyans (including the sharks and rays) have been around and keeping the ocean's ecosystems healthy for about 420 Million Years. Today, in celebration of this, I've decided to do a little fun post and list the eight times in Earth's history truly massive chondricthyans have emerged. Hope you all enjoy!!! The First is the Devonian, where there is at least one confirmed fossil (CMNH 5238) of a large currently unnamed Ctenacanthiform shark that reached lengths of 4.2-5 meters (13-16 feet) in length. https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/15/3/318 The Second is the Mississippian stage of the Carboniferous (358.9-323.2 Million Years ago), a golden age for chondricthyans. The Early Carboniferous saw the emergence of Giant Ctenacanthiform sharks like Saivodus striatus, which grew up to 10-11 meters (32-36 feet) in length. https://www.uky.edu/KGS/fossils/fossil-of-the-month_2022-07_Saivodus.php https://www.uky.edu/KGS/fossils/fossil-of-the-month_2022-07_how-big.php https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/fossils-of-the-2023-national-fossil-day-artwork.htm The Third is the Pennsylvanian stage of the Carboniferous (323.2-298.9 Million Years ago). Like the Mississippian, the Pennsylvanian was also a golden stage for Chondricthyans where large Ctenacanthiforms continued to thrive and large Eugeneodontida edestoids like Edestus (which could grow up to 6.7 meters (22 feet) in length) emerged. Large Ctenacanthiforms from this time include the unnamed Graham Formation Gilkmanius sp., which grew up to 7 meters (22 feet) in length. https://bioone.org/journals/journal-of-vertebrate-paleontology/volume-37/issue-3/02724634.2017.1325369/A-Pennsylvanian-Supershark-from-Texas/10.1080/02724634.2017.1325369.short The Fourth is the Permian (298-252 Million years ago). There were some large sharks, like the Ctenacanthiform Kaibabvenator (which grew up to 4.8-5.48 meters (16-18 feet) in length). But Eugeneodontida by this point contained the largest Chondricthyans alive at this time including Helicoprion (which grew up to 7.6 meters (25 feet) in length) and Parahelicoprion (which could grow up to 12 meters (36 feet) in length). https://www.academia.edu/29941296/Chondrichthyan_and_actinopterygian_remains_from_theLower_Permian_Copacabana_Formation_of_Bolivia https://doi.org/10.1002%2Far.24046 The Fifth is the Early Cretaceous (145-100 Million Years ago). Though the time's aquatic ecosystems was dominated by large marine reptiles, large sharks managed to emerge and fill ecological niches from time to time. This includes the Early Cretaceous Shark Leptostyrax, which grew up to 6.3 meters (20 feet) in length. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/277782424_A_Gigantic_Shark_from_the_Lower_Cretaceous_Duck_Creek_Formation_of_Texas The Sixth is the Late Cretaceous (100-66 Million years ago). Aquatic ecosystems still were dominated by marine reptiles, but large sharks were indeed present. This includes Cretodus crassidens (which grew up to 9-11 meters (29-36 meters) in length) and Ptychodus (which grew up to 10 meters (32 feet) in length). https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0231544 https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-paleontology/article/morphology-and-paleobiology-of-the-late-cretaceous-largesized-shark-cretodus-crassidens-dixon-1850-neoselachii-lamniformes/A670012A44DDC68FC098BB8C73368408 The seventh is the Miocene-Early Pilocene (23-3.6 Million Years ago). This period saw the rise and reign of some of the largest sharks known currently in the fossil record, including Carcharocles (Otodus) megalodon (which grew up to 17 meters (55 feet) in length). https://www.uv.es/everlab/PUBLICACIONES/2017/2017 Martinez-Perez et al HB miocene sharks.pdf https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.abl6529 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9385135/ The eighth is the Early Pliocene-Late Pleistocene (3.6-0.012 Million Years ago). This period saw the last remnants of the large 20 foot + in size carnivorous sharks from the Miocene-Pilocene mega shark era not including the non-Great White shark (Carcharodon carcharias) and not including the large plankton eating sharks make their final stand. These include Hemipristis serra (which grew up to 6 meters (20 feet) in length) and Parotodus benedeni (which grew up to 7.6 meters (24 feet) in length). https://www.app.pan.pl/archive/published/app63/app004542018.pdf https://www.researchgate.net/publication/364591134_A_previously_overlooked_highly_diverse_early_Pleistocene_elasmobranch_assemblage_from_southern_Taiwan https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/paleobiology/article/chondrichthyan-fossil-record-of-the-florida-platform-eocenepleistocene/2835CCEC27DC8EE0B24A5B62B1416618 I hope this is helpful?
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Moroccan Parotodus parasymphyseal and Cretolamna biauriculata?
ThePhysicist posted a topic in Fossil ID
Hi y'all, I picked these shark teeth up from a local rock shop. The first is definitely a symphyseal/parasymphyseal tooth but I'm not sure if it's from an Eocene Parotodus or Otodus. I lean towards Parotodus because of the narrow crown and its significant curvature. The second I think is a Cretolamna biauriculata. The symphyseal is about an inch ~ 2 cm in length. @siteseer@Al Dente@MarcoSr@Untitled Parotodus sp.?: Cretolamna biauriculata?:- 4 replies
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Hi everyone, This is a tooth I'm looking to purchase from a merchant. They identify it as a Parotodus Sp. tooth - it's 1" long and was found in Morocco. My first question would be, is Parotodus Sp. the same thing as Parotodus Benedini or are they somehow different? Secondly, and because I'm purchasing it either way for my collection, I'd like to make sure this is in fact a Parotodus Sp. tooth. I'm suspicious because, from what I've seen of other Benedini teeth, the root is meant to make up a much larger part of the total tooth. Here, the root seems relatively small in comparison to the blade. Thank you!
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Hi guys weird question here, what is the difference between parotodus benedini and parotodus priemi, i cant find the name of the person who originally described the Priemi variant so i was wondering whether it was just a mistake that got passed along. However, it might be right that it is a different species as i have only heard of P.Priemi coming from the london clay of the UK and Benedini is more widespread. All answers welcome, thanks for your help
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From the album: Misc. Cenozoic Specimens
Parotodus benedeni. -
Hello Everyone! I found this tooth a while back at a Ypresian, Eocene site (Nanjemoy Formation, Woodstock Member.) It puzzled me for a while, I assumed it was a weird Otodus or something until someone IDed it as a Cretalamna at a local fossil club. Apparently they have their last gasps in Maryland’s Ypresian. However, I was then informed by some people familiar with the roughly contemporaneous London Clay that it looks more similar to Parotodus pavlovi. That species is not yet described from the formation, and despite reaching out to a few collectors who have collected this formation extensively, I cannot find anyone else with one. What say you all? Scale in CM
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From the album: Cenozoic Sharks
Parotodus sp. from Khouribga, Morocco -
From the album: Cenozoic Sharks
Parotodus sp. from Khouribga, Morocco -
From the album: Pisces
32mm. Not so sure about the info and determination on this one, therefore the cf. Picked it up on an internet auction where the only information I could get was "Parotodus, South Carolina". However, with the help of the friends on the id forum I was able to narrow down the id and also am pretty certain that it was found in a river in the Oligocene. -
I picked up this Parotodus tooth recently on our favorite auction site. The seller couldn't give me much information except to say that it's from South Carolina. I was just wondering if someone might be able to tell me more exactly where it might have originated? I also wanted to ask if this could be a P. benedeni and if it might be from the Eocene, Oligocene or Miocene?
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I'm Back! Shark Week Fossil Hunt: Found Parotodus, Megalodon, Inverts
WILDKYLE posted a topic in Fossil Hunting Trips
Hey everyone! I realize I have not been active here for quite some time, but fear not - I have been actively fossil hunting! Cris and I have gotten into the habit of filming our fossil hunts lately, I know you have already seen some of his videos. So I'd like to go ahead and share mine as well! We had an insane shark tooth hunt during Shark Week, the perfect time! We also got a little strange, which you'll see. Link is below! It feels good to be back, and I look forward to posting actively again! https://youtu.be/APjz9FBaSOk- 6 replies
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Found a Giant Florida Parotodus, Megs, a Great White, Mako, etc.
Cris posted a topic in Fossil Hunting Trips
We (@addicted2fossils and myself) decided to go check out some dirt roads after some very heavy rain messed up our river sites. It turned out to be a pretty good call! We found a bunch of megs, a killer great white that we spotted at the exact same time and had to do a coin toss for, some great inverts and my favorite find of the day, a huge Parotodus benedeni from Florida! Check it out: Disclaimer: we get kinda weird in this vid. If you don't want to watch the video, here's some (but not all) of the day's finds:- 22 replies
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Here's an oddball tooth from the STH Bonebed. It is something I bought a few years after starting to collect fossil shark teeth, thinking it was a typical Parotodus lateral. After seeing others over the years, this tooth began to look more strange to me. Maybe 5-6 years ago, isurus90064 and I met up in Bakersfield and I showed him this tooth and he thought it was weird too. A couple of weeks ago, we started talking about it again. A friend just took a couple of good photos of it for me. The root isn't as thick as we might expect for Parotodus but some Miocene and older specimens are not as bulky-looking as the Pliocene teeth.
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Some nice little makos there too. That small one has a neat inclusion of color. The gw is a bit over 2" and has awesome colors and is flawless. The Parotodus is my third and best to date. I was quite surprised to find it. It isn't perfect but is pretty nice. The Otodus is pretty neat. Probably the best one I've found around here even though it's in poor condition.