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Hi everyone! I was going through a batch of Spinos I got recently and this one stood out. It measures just over 4.5 cm and appears to have a second carina on one side. It reminds me of those really rare pathological therapod teeth I've seen with parallel sets of serrations except it's Spino so the serrations are.....not as prominent. So I figured it would be a good idea to ask for a second opinion before labeling it as that. What do you all think? Any insight is greatly appreciated as always!

Hi Fossil Forum! This past Monday I was searching my favorite gravel bar in SE Texas and I came up with some pretty great finds including my first ever ground sloth claw core but there was one object that has me and a few other people scratching our heads. I'm assuming that along with all of the other identifiable bone fragments I've found at this spot that this dates to the Pleistocene but there is Cretaceous invertebrate material and petrified wood that possibly date from the Eocene through the Pleistocene that I've found here as well. On to the mystery object! This articular surface just screams proximal tibia at me but I'm not satisfied with any matches I've tried to make to Camel, Bison, Horse etc. however there is a fair bit of damage along the edges so maybe I won't be able to nail down a species. I would at least like to confirm the element if possible and maybe narrow it down to family or genus. (oh and the scale just says metric but I'd hope it's obvious that the scale is in CM) It's the diaphysis that really leaves me and others confused and thinking possibly pathological because this doesn't look right at all for a tibia, at least not any that I've seen before! Apologies for the horrible focus on some of these images (especially the last one), the three dimensionality of this piece has been giving me some trouble when attempting to photograph it. I would really appreciate any thoughts y'all might have on this one! Thanks, Cdiggs

Hi everyone! I recently acquired a bunch of Kem Kem Beds Spinosaur teeth and this one stood out. At the base of the mesial carinae is a large flat spot. Ordinarily I would chalk that up to damage but there seems to still be some enamel on that spot which makes me think the tooth formed like that. My closest guess is it's impacted but I figured I'd post and ask for a second opinion since I haven't seen that before. Any insight is appreciated as always!

Hi Everyone! I'm a little perplexed by this one. The tooth is definitely a Nanotyrannus, that much I'm sure of (Hell Creek, Powder River County, Montana) but it has a strange groove at the base near the mesial side. My best guess is that another tooth dug into it within the jaw or above the gumline. Impacted? Is that the correct dentistry term for that? Also does this count as a pathology or just damage? Anyway, I wanted to see what you all thought if my "impact" hypothesis makes sense or if there's a better explanation. Any insight is greatly appreciated as always!

Hi everyone! I have my eye on a very interesting fossils from the Hell Creek of Powder River County Montana and both the seller and I am not really sure what this is. It appears to be a vertebra of sort with a large bump in the middle. It measures 5.75 x 3.25 x 2.85/2.2 inches for the centrums (14.6 x 8.255 x 7.24/5.588 cm). To me, it looks like two Struthi caudals that were fused together either from an injury or some sort of disease like cancer. It could also be one large pathological vertebra. Do dinosaurs have fused sacral vertebrae? If yes it could be that. Or it could be something else I didn't even think of. Any insight is greatly appreciated as always!

I'm coming to the experts once again! This is a very strange ptychotrygon tooth. It appears to be P. triangularis, but it is so elliptical. The low crown is similar to some of Bourdon's P. eutawensis, but according to Woodward's original description, there is a bit of ornamentation on the labial apron, which this doesn't have. Could this simply be a pathological tooth? Thanks!

Hi everyone! I acquired this recently, I'm fairly certain it's Carcharodontosaurus but the shape is kinda off. Is it a Premax? dimensions are 6.2 x 2.5 x 1.5 cm Kem Kem Beds Morocco.

I found this one at my site in the Miocene Burdigalian and was wondering if anyone could tell me if this tooth is pathological.

Hello all, I found this spiriferid brachiopod steinkern (Mediospirfer? Mucrospirifer?) during my last outing to Deep Springs Road, in Lebanon/Earlville, NY. It has 3 dimples in it, that are unusal to me. I'm looking to get some opinions as to the cause here? Are they pathological ? Are they damage from predators? Are they just the way the shell grew, due to proximity to something kind of spiny? Or are they artifacts of the fossilization process? Thank you in advance, for any replies. @Shamalama @Tidgy's Dad

I noticed this on a online listing, and I’ve never seen anything like it before. It’s a T.rex tooth for sale, but it’s serrations are Y shaped on the front side. I was wondering if this is a type of a pathological tooth. I’ve noticed sellers listing misshaped shark teeth as pathological, and I wasn’t sure If the term applied here too or not. I was also wondering if it’s rare or not and if it only happens to T.rex teeth. Just something I noticed and though was out of the ordinary.