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Picked this up at a rock shop over the holidays. The label only said “Permian, Kansas”. Permian material is new to me. A bit of looking around and I came up with Cladodus occidentalis. Thoughts? The tooth is almost exactly 1 inch (2.54 cm) in max dimension. The perky box top is that size. There are striae on the primary blade. It has one to two cusps on the shoulders but I cannot discern whether they too are striated. The third photo is view is from the base up. The 4th photo is a C. occidentalis from the Oceans of Kansas website. Any help would be appreciated.

I am looking for Cambrian or Permian bivalves for my collection. Anyone have any to trade? Please PM me.

Here’s a pelycosaur appendicular bone I acquired from a vendor well-acquainted with Permian material a while back. It was sold to me only as Dimetrodon limbatus from the Archer City Formation in Texas. Thing is, I’ve never been able to place exactly what bone it is, and it doesn’t seem to match any appendicular elements of Dimetrodon which I could find references for. Here’s to the hope that there’s somebody here well-acquainted with this material who can put me on the right track!

late carboniferous/early permian, north china, plants for ID.

This nice Permian Brachiopod has a very large apsacline ventral interarea and is called Arctitreta triangularis. It is from the Assistance Formation in the Artinskian of Devon Island in Canada. It is related to Schuchertella and the more common Streptorhynchus. Does anyone else have any interesting Brachiopods from the Permian?

This unusual Brachiopod is Leptodus nobilis. During the Permian there were many examples of 'experimental' Brachiopod genera. This genus, in life, had a greatly reduced valve which exposed the brachidium which supported the lophophore, and so we see the inner workings of this animal. In the picture are two specimens, each about 6cm. X 3cm. They are from the Lower Kamiyase Formation, Kesen-numa City, Honshu, Japan. Quite rare fossils, I think.

Found in Silver City New Mexico Greetings, I was looking to get an I D or more specifically a species. The entire specimen measures 10.71 cm x7.62 . It's the first find of it's kind for me.

Hi, this one looks a little too good for the price. It is apparently Barasaurus Besairiei Permian and from Madagascar. What do you thinnk?

The Ctenacanthiform Sharks are perhaps one of the most famous, yet enigmatic groups of sharks currently known, with a fossil range stretching from the Early Devonian to the Early Cretaceous periods 407.6-136.4 Million Years ago and with a range that spans globally. The most enigmatic along with the most famous genus of Ctenacanthiform (as well as one of my personal favorites) is the genus Saivodus, which was only described properly in 2006 after its fossilized remains were mistaken for two centuries as remains of species belonging to two other Ctenacanthiform genus, Ctenacanthus and Cladodus. The genus Saivodus emerged during the Early Carboniferous 360.7-345.3 Million Years ago and included the largest currently known species of Ctenacanthiformes, the Carboniferous Saivodus striatus that grew up to 35 feet in length fully grown. Despite large numbers of teeth and even very well preserved fossilized remains of the head including jaws and fins from large Saivodus striatus specimens being discovered and described, still very little is known about the overall paleoecology of these enigmatic sharks. Artist reconstruction of an Adult Saivodus striatus and its size compared to an adult Human and adult Great White Shark (Carcharodon carcharias) by artist HodariNundu. Image Source: https://www.deviantart.com/hodarinundu/art/Super-Sized-Saivodus-866628428 https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicCollectionSearch?collection_no=84108&is_real_user=1 The latest record of the genus Saivodus was believed for a few years to be fossils of a small Saivodus sp. from the Fossil Mountain Member of the Kaibab Formation dating to the Kungurian stage of the Permian period 279.3-272.3 Million Years ago in what is now Kachina Village of the U.S. State of Arizona. Hodnett, J. P. M., Elliott, D. K., Olson, T. J., & Wittke J. H. Ctenacanthiform sharks from the Permian Kaibab Formation, northern Arizona. Historical Biology, (2012). 24. 381-395. Retrieved December 16, 2023, from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/254237970_Ctenacanthiform_sharks_from_the_Permian_Kaibab_Formation_northern_Arizona https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicCollectionSearch?collection_no=132088&is_real_user=1 However, I just found a confirmed (until recently overlooked) record of the genus Saivodus with the assistance of a recent well researched paper on Ctenacanthiform diversity that extends the geological range of genus by around 25.1-20.1 Million Years. I think you’ll all find this record extremely interesting!!! A Ctenacanthiform tooth were found in 1970 in deposits of the Zewan Formation dating to the Changhsingian stage of the Permian period 254.2-252.2 Million Years ago in what is Guryul Ravine of the region of Kashmir, a disputed territory located at the northernmost point of the Indian Subcontinent of South Asia). This tooth were initially described in 1971 by Paleontologists from Kyoto University, Japan as belonging to a new species of Ctenacanthus, (Ctenacanthus ishii). The size of the tooth is the following: Length of the base of tooth specimen - 16 mm. (1.60 cm.) Width of of the tooth's base - 6 mm. (0.60 cm.) Length/height of each of the tooth's two largest subsidiary or lateral cusps on each side of the tooth - 3.5 mm. (0.35 cm.) Length/height from the base of the tooth's apex to the top of the tooth's central/medial cusp - 8 mm. (0.80 cm.) Photographs of the Kashmir Saivodus sp. tooth specimen from the Permian-Triassic Zewan Formation, Kashmir, Asia. Image Source: https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/186572/1/mfskugm 038001_163.pdf However, further analysis of the Kashmir specimen in 2021 (including the general tooth shape and morphology) has confirmed the Kashmir tooth is in fact the latest geological record of the Saivodus genus currently known. Kapoor, H. M,, and Sahni, A. A Shark Tooth from Zewan Series of Guryul Ravine, Kashmir. Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyoto University. Series of Geology and Mineralogy, (1971). 38(1), 163-166. Retrieved December 16, 2023, from https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/186572/1/mfskugm 038001_163.pdf Shah, I. K., Farooq, M., Meraj, G., et al. Geological treasure of Guryul ravine section in Kashmir Himalaya - a case report. ESS Open Archive. (2022). https://doi.org/10.1002/essoar.10510303.1 https://d197for5662m48.cloudfront.net/documents/publicationstatus/75277/preprint_pdf/7673ce9d023bd875199a50b14e3f42e7.pdf Feichtinger, I., Ivanov, A. O., Winkler, V., Dojen, C., Kindlimann, R., Kriwet, J., Pfaff, C., Schraut, G., & Stumpf, S. Scarce ctenacanthiform sharks from the Mississippian of austria with an analysis of carboniferous elasmobranch diversity in response to climatic and environmental changes. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, (2021). 41(2). https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2021.1925902 Not only does this expand the geologic range of Saivodus and is the first confirmed record of this genus from Asia, but the proximity the Kashmir specimen was collected to the location of the Permian-Triassic boundary at the Zewan Formation (only 3 meters away from the geologic boundary) could indicate small to medium species of the genus Saivodus survived the Permian-Triassic Extinction Event 252 Million Years ago and survived (albeit very briefly) into the Early Triassic. This is a major discovery in the study of Ctenacanthiform sharks. Hopefully more specimens of Ctenacanthiform sharks from Permian-Triassic deposits in Kashmir, Pakistan, India, and around the world could be uncovered, studied, and described soon so that we may all get a more accurate understanding of the paleobiology and paleoecology of these amazing prehistoric sharks. This will also give us a more accurate understanding of the fascinating time they lived before one of Earth’s largest mass extinction events along with the period of biological and ecosystem recovery afterwards.

Hello, I'm wondering about authenticity or restoration. This specimen is from Franchesse, France and is a Permian Discosauriscus. Thanks.

Hello. I'm interested in a Permian Labidosaurus foot/leg. The fossil is advertised as being from Lawton, Oklahoma, Aroyo Formation. I am aware that this piece is a composite and that there has been some repaired bones. The size is not indicated. I'm wondering if these are genuine fossils. Any information is appreciated, thank you.

Hello everyone! Firstly, I know that this is a topic about whether or not a fossil is real, but seeing as a), I'm not looking to purchase one and b), I'm mostly interested in how they could possibly form, I've put it in the general fossil discussion. If an administrator thinks this topic would be better for the 'is it real?' discussion, please feel free to move it. Anyways, a while ago the above Captorhinus fossil was posted to the 'is it real?' discussion board, which I thought was an obvious fake, as the matrix looked unnatural, the cervical ribs looked less like ribs and more like sea urchin spines, the skull was miraculously immaculately preserved and the knee joints were facing in the wrong direction for tetrapods. However, I was browsing the internet, when I came across the Wikipedia page for the Richard's Spur Quarry, and saw this image of Captorhinus aguti: Now, these specimens obviously look more real than the fake Captorhinus at the top; although I know Wikipedia isn't always a reliable source the information on it is usually not too far from the truth, and I'd be very surprised if they had fake fossils as images representing 'real' ones. However, I still have my doubts about these two skeleton's legitimacy; the skulls looks too well preserved and a bit like resin, and the knee joints are yet again facing the wrong direction. Are these fossils real, and if so, how did the skull preserve so immaculately while the legs were distorted? Is this something unique to Richard's Spur? Thank you for your help.

Hi all! This time I'd like to inform you on a short, but diverse trip to several Volga river locations. The finds were not too impressive unlike the weather, endless fields and various outcrops. First I went to the southern part of Ulyavovsk Volgian shore: (These are Hauterivian concretions. They are roundish in form) These are Volgian Volgian boulders Beige rocks are Volgian, overlaying black clay is Hauterivian. Volgian section ends nearby (to the left) as the corresponding rocky layers gradually go underground