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References: SECRETAN S.(1975) Les crustacés du Monte Bolca. Studi e Ricerche sui Giacimenti Terziari di Bolca 2. Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Verona: 315-388.
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References: SECRETAN S (1975) Les crustacés de Monte Bolca. Studi e Ricerche sui Giacimenti Terziari di Bolca 2. Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Verona: 315-388.
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References: Blainville H.M.D. (de), (1818) Poissons fossiles. Chap. VII. Des Ichthyolites du bassin de la Méditerranée. a. Des Ichthyolithes du Monte Bolca, ou Vestena Nuova dans le Veronais in Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux Arts, à l'Agriculture, à l'Economie rurale et domestique, à la Médecine, etc. Nouvelle Edition presqu'entièrement refondue et considérablement augmentée, t. 27, p. 334-361. Woodward A.S., (1901) Catalogue of the fossil fishes in the British Museum, t. 4. Blot J., (1980) La faune ichthyologique des gisements du Monte Bolca (Province de Vé
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References: G. Carnevale, A. F. Bannikov, G. Marramá, J. C. Tyler, and R. Zorzin (2014) The Pesciara-Monte Postale Fossil-Lagerstätte: 2. Fishes and other vertebrates. Rendiconti della Società Paleontologica Italiana 4:37-63
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From the album: Vertebrates
Ductor vestenae VOLTA, 1796 Eocene Ypresian Monte Bolca near Verona Italy-
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From the album: Vertebrates
Ramphosus rastrum (Volta, 1796) Middle Eocene Monte Bolca near Verona Italy -
References: Blot, J. (1976) Les anguilliformes fossiles du Monte Bolca. 2e Congres Europeen des Ichtyologistes Europeens, Paris, 1976, Revue Trav. Inst. Pech. Marit., Nantes, 40 (3&4) 509-511, 1 tabl. Blot, J. (1978) Les apodes fossiles du Monte Bolca. Studi e Ricerche sui Giacimenti Terziari di Bolca, Verona 3 (1) 1-260, 120 fig, 21 tabl. 39pl. Blot, J. (1984) Les Apodes fossiles du Monte Bolca. 2. Actinopterygii : Ordre des Apodes (Anguilliformes): Famille des Paranguillidae Blot 1980. Museo civico di storia naturale di Verona, 1984, p. 62-238, 24 p. di tav.
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Taxonomy from Bannikov & Carnevale, 2017. Bannikov & Carnevale 2017, p. 319:" Its type species, †P. lessinii Blot, 1980, was described based on a single partially complete specimen in the collections of the Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Verona (Blot, 1980, p. 365; pl. VI, fig. 3). Subsequently, an additional incomplete specimen housed in the Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh, was referred to †P. lessinii and figured by Frickhinger, 1991, p. 769); however, this specimen lacks the characteristic cranial horn emerging just above the orbit considered diagnostic by Blot
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References: L. Agassiz (1833) Recherches Sur Les Poissons Fossiles. Tome IV (livr. 1). Imprimerie de Petitpierre, Neuchatel 17-32. G. Carnevale, A. F. Bannikov, G. Marramá, J. C. Tyler, and R. Zorzin (2014) The Pesciara-Monte Postale Fossil-Lagerstätte: 2. Fishes and other vertebrates. Rendiconti della Società Paleontologica Italiana 4:37-63. A. F. Bannikov (2014) The systematic composition of the Eocene actinopterygian fish fauna from Monte Bolca, northern Italy, as known to date. Studi e ricerche sui giacimenti terziari di Bolca, XV - Miscellanea paleontologica 12:23-34.
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From the album: Vertebrates
Cyclopoma gigas Agassiz 1833 Eocene Ypresian Monte Bolca near Verona Italy -
Old name: Naseus rectifrons Agassiz, 1842 Taxonomy from Fossilworks.com. References: Agassiz, L. (1842) Recherches Sur Les Poissons Fossiles. Tome IV (livr. 14). Imprimerie de Petitpierre, Neuchâtel 205-291. Blot, J. and Tyler, J. C. (1990) New genera and species of fossil surgeon fishes and their relatives (Acanturoidei, Teleostei) from the Eocene of Monte Bolca, Italy, with application of the Blot formula to both fossil and recent forms. Studi e ricerche sui giacimenti terziari di Bolca 6:13-92. Carnevale, G., Bannikov, A. F., Marramá, G., Tyler, J. C. and Zorzin, R
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From the album: Vertebrates
Eorandallius rectifrons (Agassiz, 1842) Middle Eocene Lutetian Monte Bolca near Verona Italy Length 10cm Lit.: J. Blot and J. C. Tyler. 1990. New genera and species of fossil surgeon fishes and their relatives (Acanturoidei, Teleostei) from the Eocene of Monte Bolca, Italy, with application of the Blot formula to both fossil and recent forms. Studi e ricerche sui giacimenti terziari di Bolca 6:13-92 -
Taxonomy from Fossilworks.com Diagnosis from Day 2002, p. 335: "Distinguished from other Eocene sparids by a robust jaw with large, conical teeth. Ethmoid dorsal margin is depressed directly anterior to the ethmoid±frontal suture. Deep-bodied form with a length to width ratio of 3:1. The supraneural formula appears to be 0/0 + 0/2 + 1/1; and the anterodorsal processes of the supraneurals overlap. Hypurals are separate. Caudal ®n is of low aspect ratio. Formula of the dorsal fin XII + 9; anal fin III + 9." Identified by oilshale using Day 2003. References: Bannikov A. F. (2006) Fi
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References: L. Agassiz (1839) Recherches Sur Les Poissons Fossiles. Tome IV (livr. 13). Imprimerie de Petitpierre, Neuchatel 109-204. Bannikov, A. F. ( 2014) The systematic composition of the Eocene actinopterygian fish fauna from Monte Bolca, northern Italy, as known to date. Studi e ricerche sui giacimenti terziari di Bolca, XV - Miscellanea paleontologica 12:23-34
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Lates is a genus of freshwater and marine fish belonging to the order Perciformes. The lates species are now native to the Indian and western Pacific Oceans and to rivers and lakes in Africa. The lates species are generally carnivorous, feeding on invertebrates and other fish. The Nile perch, Lates niloticus, is one of the largest freshwater fish, it reaches a maximum length of nearly two metres (more than six feet), weighing up to 200 kg (440 lb).
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Recent Sphyraenea barracuda, own work of Laban712 (from Wikipedia): The genus Sphyraena (from Latin: "pike-like") belongs to the order Perciformes. Members of the genus Sphyraena, better known as Barracudas, are elongated fish, pike-like in appearance, with large pointed heads and jaws. The two dorsal fins are widely separated with the anterior fin having five spines, the posterior fin having only one spine and nine soft rays. The posterior dorsal fin is similar in size to the anal fin and is situated above it. Barracudas normally have an under bite with prominent sharp-edged
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Taxonomy from Fossilworks.org. The order Beryciformes, a poorly understood group, is represented in Monte Bolca with at least two species: Eoholocentrum and Berybolcensis, both from the subfamily Holocentrinae or squirrelfish (L. Sorbini, 1984). Both species seemed to be largely or entirely nocturnal and lived in deep marine waters; their eyes are amazingly large. References: Sorbini, L., 1979. Les Holocentridae du Monte Bolca. III. Berybolcensis leptacanthus (Agassiz). Studi e Richerche sui Giacimenti Terziari di Bolca 4, 19–35.
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Diodon holocanthus, inflated (own work of Ibrahim lujaz from Rep. Of Maldives) Diodon nicthemerus (own work of user Springcold at da.wikipedia) Porcupinefish belong to the family Diodontidae within the Tetraodontiformes order and are also commonly called blowfish. They have the ability to swallow water or air and to inflate their body making it harder for predators to swallow them. When the fish inflates, sharp spines radiate outwards as a second defense mechanism. Some species are poisonous, having tetrodotoxin in their internal organs. Fugu is the Japanese
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The entire, abundantly fossiliferous formation consists of 19 meters of limestone, all of which contains fossils, but interspersed in which are the lagerstätten layers that contain the highly preserved specimens. Within these layers, the fish and other specimens are so highly preserved that soft tissue preservation can is observable and even the skin color pattern can sometimes be determined. Taxonomy from Fossilworks.org. References: Blot, J. (1976) Les anguilliformes fossiles du Monte Bolca. 2e Congres Europeen des Ichtyologistes Europeens, Paris, 1976, Revue Trav. Inst. Pech.
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Taxonomy from Fossilworks.org. Bannikov 2008 notes on p. 66 that "examination of the lectotype of Apogon spinosus resulted in the conclusion that the species name spinosus is a synonym of Acropoma lepidotum (syn. nov.)." For grammatical reasons, the species name is Acropoma lepidotum and not Acropoma lepidotus, as in Sorbini 1975. Corrected diagnosis for Acropoma lepidotum from Sorbini 1975, p. 178 (translated from Italian by oilshale): "Body moderately elongate, two separate dorsal fins, ventral margin arcuate. Teeth with slightly pointed apex on jaws and vomer, numerous phary
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