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Last year, I drew a Hyneria lindae, based off of recent discoveries and related fish. As soon as I finished it, I started working on a Hynerpeton bassetti, the Ichthyostegoid from the same site that is known from a shoulder girdle and a jaw, and possibly some other material as well. Hynerpeton is known to have been more muscular than Ichthyostega, because of the larger muscle attachments on its cleithrum (shoulder), and at one point was thought to have lost its external gills, but significant doubt has been cast on the evidence for this claim. Hynerpeton's jaw is not as robust as another stegocephalian from the site, Densignathus rowei, which was more derived and muscular. For this reconstruction, the skull (which is covered in skin but fully reconstructed) was based off of Ichthyostega, but the jugal bone was based off of a specimen from Red Hill that has been attributed to Hynerpeton. The shape of this bone affected those around it and suggest slightly different proportions in Hynerpeton than in Ichthyostega, especially concerning the shape of the orbit. The shoulder was incorporated so that the shape of the trunk would be correct, and the foot pads were based off of tetrapod footprints from the Early to Middle Devonian. The lateral line is again based off of its placement of Ichthyostega, as were the scales. In the background, above the water's surface, a forest of Archaeopteris spp. trees and Otzinochsonia beerboweri lycopsids is visible; within the murky river, the red mud that gave Red Hill its name after it was deposited is covered over with plants. This reconstruction is meant to be a sequel to my Hyneria lindae reconstruction I finished about five months ago; unfortunately, I have no specimens of Hynerpeton, which is very rare. If anyone would like to see any citations for the papers that I used in making this reconstructions, please ask below. Enjoy!
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From the album: Fossil Collection: DC Area and Beyond
Gyracanthus sp. Red Hill Fossil Site, PA Catskill Group Late Devonian-
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From the album: Fossil Collection: DC Area and Beyond
Unknown Red Hill Fossil Site, PA Catskill Group Late Devonian -
From the album: Fossil Collection: DC Area and Beyond
Turrisaspis elektor Red Hill Fossil Site, PA Catskill Group Late Devonian-
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- placoderm
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From the album: Fossil Collection: DC Area and Beyond
Plant Fragments Red Hill Fossil Site, PA Catskill Group Late Devonian -
From the album: Fossil Collection: DC Area and Beyond
Megalichthys sp. (?) Red Hill Fossil Site, PA Catskill Group Late Devonian-
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From the album: Fossildude's Purchased/Gift Fossils
Gyracanthides sp. Fin spine From Red Hill, PA. Upper Devonian. Generous gift from Forum Member - Fossils of New Jersey. Thank you, once again, John!© © 2023 Tim Jones
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I recently finished this reconstruction of the giant Tristichopterid fish, Hyneria lindae, from the Catskill Formation in Northern Pennsylvania. It is based off of the most recent (2018) paper concerning Hyneria lindae, which can be found here. Made in Paint.net, many skull bones are re-shaped from my previous reconstruction I released a couple years ago, including the opercular (gill cover) and associated bones. The color pattern I used is based off of the Norther Pike, which is very similar in overall form and likely also lifestyle to this fish. The scales and their frills are based off of scales figured in the paper, as well as fossils I have collected myself from the legendary Red Hill fossil site in North Bend, PA. The body is based on Eusthenopteron foordi, with special reference to the P-22 specimen that revealed so much about this related fish. The tail is based directly off of the amazing Hyneria specimen found in the paper and in the Red Hill Field Museum. Parts of the tail in the reconstruction were even traced from this fossil, which is pictured below as well. The picture below that is of a Hyneria opercular I excavated, which inspired me to finish this project. While Hyneria was a very low-metabolism, ambush-hunting fish, I wanted to depict it peacefully, and yet not in a mostly static pose while waiting for prey. I hope this reconstruction provides an accurate depiction of Hyneria lindae as we know it in 2023, but with more detail than the 2018 Jason Poole reconstruction which helped me greatly to reconstruct this ancient Devonian fish. And the Hyneria lindae tail from the Red Hill Field Museum: The Hyneria opercular from Red Hill, from a 6-8 foot long fish: Resources I used to make this reconstruction: For reconstruction of the skull bones, scales, and tail: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324883784_New_description_and_diagnosis_of_Hyneria_lindae_Sarcopterygii_Tristichopteridae_from_the_Upper_Devonian_Catskill_Formation_in_Pennsylvania_USA The Eusthenopteron foordi reconstructions on this website were incredibly helpful, especially when illustrating the mouth of Hyneria. Coincidentally, I reconstructed the Hyneria mouth at a similar angle to one of the pictures on the website, way before I knew about it. https://www.cullentownsenddesign.com/eusthenopteronfoordi For ecology and lifestyle: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329371242_Long-bone_development_and_life-history_traits_of_the_Devonian_tristichopterid_Hyneria_lindae For the rod-like projections found at the bases of the fins: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/The-famous-P-222-specimen-of-Eusthenopteron-foordi-before-its-skull-was-destroyed-by_fig5_362872177 For the fins themselves: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/213770274_Vertebral_development_in_the_Devonian_Sarcopterygian_fish_Eusthenopteron_foordi_and_the_polarity_of_vertebral_evolution_in_non-amniote_tetrapods The release of the Hyneria udlezinye paper to the public proved essential to my reconstruction, because the full skull reconstruction helped me fill in the gaps that exist in our knowledge of H. lindae's anatomy. Its different proportions caused me to look at those of H. lindae's more closely. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/368718778_A_high_latitude_Gondwanan_species_of_the_Late_Devonian_tristichopterid_Hyneria_Osteichthyes_Sarcopterygii The 2018 Jason Poole reconstruction of Hyneria lindae was very helpful and helped inspire the project. https://www.anspblog.org/illustrating-a-devonian-predator-part-2/ The older, 2009 Flick Ford reconstruction of Hyneria can also be found on this post, above the newer one. This one has outdated proportions but was helpful because of its high detail, especially when reconstructing the fins. The work of Paleobiome, which can be found on this forum, also proved extremely helpful. Working with Paleobiome with his reconstruction of Hyneria lindae helped me look critically at my own as I was working on it, resulting in a higher detail, more accurate reconstruction with more realistic lighting. Check out his reconstructions for a full, real-time, first-person simulation of Red Hill, including his Hyneria, here: https://sketchfab.com/paleobiome/collections/famennian-red-hill-pennsylvania-f1cd53241c884e1884e99f40c9f2c304 For my previous reconstruction of Hyneria lindae, based very (a little too closely?) off of one of Jason Poole's older 2005 reconstructions of H. lindae, you can see it on my website, here. In this reconstruction, the fins were not shaped correctly, and were supported by extra bones, the body tapers in a peculiar way, the opercular series, including the submandibularbranchialstegal (whew!) bone were too large, the jaw too jutting, the head the wrong shape and many of its bones reconstructed incorrectly. The water is a simple gradient. I feel that my newer reconstruction is a major improvement and has helped me grow as an artist. To see some of my other recent artwork, visit my Seven Stars page, where I am in the process of building an educational guide to a special Middle Devonian fossil locality where beginner through expert fossil hunters and paleontologists have enjoyed collecting fossils for more than half a century. The guide is far from done and will not be for a long while, but it includes diagrams, life reconstructions, identification guides, and information about many fossil groups. It was made with beginners in mind, but will be useful for experts too.
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From the album: Fossil Finds
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From the album: Fossil Finds
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A few months ago I found this bone at Red Hill before I learned of the need for a permit but didn't grasp its significance. Later I realized it was a jawbone section with four small teeth in it. Unfortunately I dropped it and the end of the most complete tooth fell off, but not before I was able to take pictures. I have not tried to finalize preparation for fear of destroying the remaining teeth. I can't see any sutures, at least not in the place they would be for a tetrapodomorph, and the teeth look more like Hyneria anyway. However, all Hyneria jawbones I've seen have two rows of teeth, a small one and one with longer fangs. The cross section is also hard to place. The teeth seem to start out round and flatten as it goes up. The first picture is as the bone is now and the second shows what the complete tooth looked like before it broke. Scale bar 1cm broken into 5mm halves. Teeth magnified 20x.
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For the longest time I have puzzled over this strange bone. At first of course I thought it was a "Hynerpton scute," because I have a memory of finding it somewhat near where the holotype was found and no papers picture them, so I couldn't compare. Recently I've doubted its identity as I've researched Ichthyostega scales and scutes, but have no idea of what it actually is. Any ideas? On the imprint nearest to the camera a texture can be seen, shiny smooth with little circular rounded bumps that are the negatives of pores. Size a little less than 1.5 cm from end to end.
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Took the long trip to Red Hill for the second time today, my first attempt was fun but I found absolutely nothing and was totally confounded by the site in terms of where to look and what even to look for. This time I returned after a lot of reading and watching and did much better and (I think) found my very first Paleozoic vertebrate fossils! Curious if anyone experienced with the site could tell me about these and if anyone has any collecting (or preparation!) tips for the site. Also if anyone is planning any trips this season I'd love to tag along! First find was broken sadly, but includes a rather large scale (?) and a piece of plate laying on top of it, found in some of the loose boulders at the bottom of the hill that are basically conglomerates of pebbles and loose material, mostly greenish in color with the fossils coming in as bright red (not coming through nearly as nice in the pictures) Next find is a mystery and could be noting, but it's that same reddish material with a clear pattern on it, also includes a plate fragment on the back for a nice bonus. Found in the same material.
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bockryan posted a gallery image in Member Collections
From the album: Fossil Finds
Red Hill -
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bockryan posted a gallery image in Member Collections
From the album: Fossil Finds
Red Hill -
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bockryan posted a gallery image in Member Collections
From the album: Fossil Finds
Red Hill -
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bockryan posted a gallery image in Member Collections
From the album: Fossil Finds
Red Hill -
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bockryan posted a gallery image in Member Collections
From the album: Fossil Finds
Red Hill -
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bockryan posted a gallery image in Member Collections
From the album: Fossil Finds
Red Hill -
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bockryan posted a gallery image in Member Collections
From the album: Fossil Finds
Red Hill -
From the album: Catskill Formation PA fossils
A nice, rare Archaeopteris obtusa from Red Hill, Apr. 15, 2022-
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From the album: Catskill Formation PA fossils
a second scale base from a Megalichthys. Red Hill, Apr. 15, 2022-
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From the album: Catskill Formation PA fossils
Unknown bone, probably from a Hyneria. Red Hill, Apr. 15 2022-
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From the album: Catskill Formation PA fossils
A bone from a Megalichthys mullisoni that was underneath a scale. Apr. 15, 2022 Red Hill-
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From the album: Catskill Formation PA fossils
some Hyneria scales & bones, Limnomis bones, Turrisaspis bits. Apr. 15, 2022