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  1. TheSilverWolf98

    Mineral or Fossil?

    Hi all. Yesterday, I went on my first fossil hunt in about fourteen years. Went back to one of my old haunts, Jan Juc beach on the south coast of Victoria, Australia (Oligocene deposit - mostly mud and sandstone). I was expecting to find the usual - sea urchins, small crabs, coral, sponges etc. Instead I found a big, dark thing. A thing is all I can describe it as - buried in sandstone with the eroded top showing, I initially thought it could be a toe, or maybe some petrified wood. Once I moved the boulder to my garden and attacked it with a small hammer, what popped out was a little puzzling. It's about as long as a Sharpie (sorry, no ruler on hand, so this was the most universal thing I could think of), and has the girth of a banana. It's much, much harder than the sandstone it was in, and much, much darker. Almost black. The part that was not eroded is in a pretty uniform semicircular shape, which made me think it could be a bone. The breaks you see were present in the thing before I popped it out of the rock. I'm assuming it was originally longer than what I have, as it was eroded away at the edge of the boulder, leaving the small chip at the end. The other end was sheared off at the other edge of the boulder. The rock broke off cleanly around the thing, so it's not a part of the sandstone substrate. Can anyone ID this for me? I know it's pretty beaten up - heavily eroded on the exposed side, and little creatures have started growing on it. Even just confirmation of its status as a fossil or mineral would be helpful. Also, some fossilised coral and shells I found at the same cliff on the same day. Weird little shells with a division up the middle. IDs on these would be greatly appreciated too. Thanks guys.
  2. Normally this sandstone is filled with bivalves and snails of various species in the loosely consolidated. The "rust" color almost always is a biological marker in this sandstone. All of the bivalves and gastropods have that coloration. This specimen was found when a smallish piece of sandstone was separated in half. This half has the "head" I think, the other part has most of the cast of the body (this whatever it is, is bilaterally symmetrical). The only paper I have does not mention annelids. Anyone want to take a guess what this is, sending it to a "real" paleontologist to get an opinion.
  3. Hi everyone, Sorry if this is a bit of a basic question, but I'm fairly new at this and seem to be finding conflicting information about what I'm looking for. I recently found a number of fossil urchins, and what I think look like will probably turn out to be shells enclosed in sandstone on a beach. Some are pretty clean and only have a small amount of sandstone adhering to them, but others are almost completely buried in the piece of rock with only little bits of the fossil exposed. I was wondering what the best way to remove the rock is without damaging the fossil? I've tried soaking them in just water and cleaning with a tooth brush, but it's still too hard to remove most of it. Some people suggest soaking in vinegar, but other reports seem to say that will damage urchin fossils and most of the information I've come up with relates to removing fossils from limestone rather than sandstone. Thank you in advance for any suggestions
  4. A friend likes to pick up rocks and other assorted things at estate sales. Then he brings them to me for ID. But this one is not in my areas of expertise. It seems like I've seen these for sale at rock shops, not sure. And, I'm not certain it isn't some kind of nodule or pseudo-fossil. The matrix is sandstone, with rusty iron color when scratched with fingernail. Also, because it was purchased, its natural location is unknown. il.
  5. Cibarnes

    Petrified Wood?

    Ok, this is my first post, and I think I read the rules right, so if I didn't do anything right just let me know and I'll fix it. So I bought this boulder off a guy. It's about 3 ft long, 2 ft wide, and weighs about 200 lb. The guy told me that it probably came from Kansas or Minnesota. He couldn't remember very well. But I am in Lincoln Nebraska so I suspect it's probably Kansas. I asked a guy for information about it here in Lincoln. Specifically I asked him if this was a petrified log and if the big lump on the side was a concretion. He said that "This is a weathered piece of limestone. Selective sections have weathered and are black/ hollow. I don't see a concretion. On the rock. Concretions can be found in limestone but they are generally smooth and have structure. Petrified wood does not form in limestone and what appears like wood is bedding and parting." He could be right I'm just looking for more opinions. I just feel like this is sandstone and not limestone, but I could be wrong. So I'd just like to know If it is a petrified log, and if it isn't what exactly it is, and any other information you can give me about this. Like what the different formations on it could be, and why the colors are the way they are. Sorry about the night pictures, I just got it back from the car wash where I gave it a good cleaning. I do have day pictures but they're not as good, and I'm just really excited about this. but if better pictures are needed I'll go outside right now and take them or wait until it's daylight. I also had to resize these pics and I'm not sure how they'll turn out. Thanks for help.
  6. FossilNovice34

    animal impression/footprint?

    Greetings- I found this rock with kids in Montgomery County, Pa., USA, along creekbed. I believe it's a type of sandstone- the Brunswick and Lockatong formations run through county (apologies-I'm just learning geology, it's red-brown). Curious if this is an animal impression? Footprints are known to be found in the area. Photographed at different angle lights, as it looks so different depending. My son showed at school as a fossil- wanted to give him an informed answer. Thanks so much!
  7. I think I've found my "home" here. I have well over 50 pieces (a couple are large - 10-25 pounds) of formation that I've collected over the last three months to "investigate". Mostly sandstone and what I think is deep water mudstone (thought it was shale at first but no layering). Will try the Hydrogen Peroxide to dissolve the sandstones but am at a loss for the mudstones. the mudstones are extremely hard but contain lots of micro deep water (>200 meters) fossils. Any advice? I've included an image in the what I think is a softer mudstone higher up in the Keasy. This is juvenile Dentalium agassizi (20mm in Length) I believe but after a 30 year break I've just gotten back into the game and may be erroneous in my ID. Interesting point is that specimens of Dentalium agassizi were used as the "wampum" of the North American Pacific Coast tribes (have a long PDF on it if any one is interested (Phd thesis I found).
  8. Jamie Kenton

    Intrigued

    I have come across a fossil and i’m curious to know a bit more about it with the help from you guys! Many thanks
  9. Andy Craddock

    Calamite

    I’m a landscape gardener & came across this fossil in a piece of new quarried sandstone walling. I’m assuming it is some form of Calamite but what’s puzzling me is the solid form that weaved through the middle of it. The specimen is approximately 100mm long & 40mm across the stem. All opinions welcome, I’m keen on geology & fossil hunting in general but I’m no expert! Thanks, Andy
  10. BluesharkRay

    Teeth? Bone?

    Teeth? Or am toothbrushing rocks? Sand continues to shed and seem to be shaping. Hunt County. Bazaar Sedimentary rock. Only one I've seen like it. Looks like sea coral . Hunt County. I would have completely discounted this because of how white it is except for how it was found and how it looks.
  11. Hi all, Upon examining some of my finds from this hunt about a month ago, I realized that there was an anomaly on one of the Neuropteris ovata pinnules. Initially I brushed it off as nothing more than an anomaly, but last night while I was doing some reading I came upon an intriguing paper on insect galls from the Carboniferous. Some of the gall fossils included bore a striking resemblance to the gall on my frond, and so I figured I would make a post to see if any of you had an idea on what it could be. Here is the frond, in full view: Closer inspection of one of the pinnules reveals a small, oval-shaped bump: This bears a striking resemblance to some of the galls included in this paper (it is not paywalled). Specifically, it resembles #7 in the first figure. I hesitated to include the image directly in this topic so as to not violate any Forum rules (if it is not a violation I can include it here as a reply). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/250613622_The_Seeds_on_Padgettia_readi_are_Insect_Galls_Reassignment_of_the_Plant_to_Odontopteris_the_Gall_to_Ovofoligallites_N_Gen_and_the_Evolutionary_Implications_Thereof Although it superficially resembles a gall, I am looking for other opinions as I have no experience in this field. Here are my thoughts on why it could, or could not be a gall: It could possibly be a gall for multiple reasons. First off, the morphological similarity is quite striking. Secondly, the paper states that ", occurs commonly on a variety of seed-fern foliage throughout the late Middle Pennsylvanian to Early Permian". This is from a late Pennsylvanian deposit (Connellsville Sandstone of the Conemaugh group) so it fits quite nicely into that time frame. Also, epibionts are quite common in this deposit, specifically Microconchus. They are preserved in a relatively similar fashion (mold-cast). There are a few reasons why it could also not be a gall. First of all, I have never heard of galls coming from deposits in the Appalachian basin, though this may simply be due to my own ignorance and/or a lack of literature. Also, this anomaly is isolated, which is a derivation seen from many of the galls included in the above paper. Finally, random nodules and concretions do occur sporadically throughout this deposit, so it could always be mineral growth. And finally, my simple lack of knowledge prevents me from making a confident ID either way. So, what do you all think? I'd love to hear some of your opinions as to what it could be! And on the off chance that it is a gall, should this specimen be donated?
  12. Hello everyone! Just got home from my weekly vacation and started immediately the preparation. The matrix is soft, mostly loose sandstone and once wet you can process it easier. Right now I have no power tools, only some screw drives and picks. The process seems that will take a lot of time. Any advice is welcome. I also need advice concerning some issues. 1. One urchin that after making it wet, a crack was revealed. There is possibility that the crack expanded by half millimeter. How I treat that? Naturally dry it and application of 20% paraloid? Then proceed as above? 2. Another sample has a small piece broken, which of course I collected. The broken piece has some matrix on it and is less than 2cm. Again paraloid and then same process? 3. The drying process can be accelerated with sunlight or this might be dangerous and may cause cracks? Thanks everyone. The first pic is the one I am working now. It was like a sandball before removing most of the matrix and now I am doing detailing. The second is the slightly cracked at 11 o'clock. The white side was exposed in the weather, the rest was within sandstone wall in the quarry.
  13. gdsfossil

    Vertebrae or Concretions?

    Still learning my formations. Found these close to the bottom of the Dakota Sandstone formation in Kansas.
  14. nikkisixx

    Bone or Sandstone with shell bits

    Found in clay soil, Cerritos, California.
  15. Winter Hobby

    Removing hard matrix

    I dug this up in Wyoming and was told it's a Mioplosus. The soft sandstone came off with only a bit of effort. Now I'm on to a harder crystalized matrix around the most delicate areas. I don't want to lose any of the carbon so I'm asking for help. I've used dental tools and pen razors so far. I see amazing, beautifully completed fossils on this site with no sandstone on them at all. Is there a method or tool I am unaware of?
  16. Many roots of the Lepidodendron have been found here cast in fine grained, very hard sandstone. One specimen of bark has been found that is in a repetitive diamond pattern reminiscent of scales on a tropical palm type tree. Another one off specimen is of the interior trunk or wood of the tree--(presumably). All of these specimens are the same type of sandstone. This is definitely Lepidodendron country as no other fossils have been found here to date. Pics of individual specimens will be gladly posted upon request.
  17. Misha

    Harding sandstone question

    Hi guys, I recently purchased some processed Harding sandstone, I was looking for unprocessed stuff but I could not find any for sale so I had to just go with this. The fossils arrived today and I have been examining them with my microscope, I find this stuff very fascinating. My question is regarding these fossils here: the ID guide that came with them claims they are sharks but I find this strange, I believe chondrichthyes only appeared in the Late Silurian so how could this be? Are they something else, and if so do we know what that something would be? Also if they are sharks would we not also expect to find their teeth, yet they seem absent in this matrix. Thank you, Misha
  18. Clayton Jones

    Possibly bioturbated sandstone?

    I've been adventuring my family property in north-western Pottawatomie county, Oklahoma, for 15 years or so and I've always thought all this sandstone was kinda boring - there didn't seem to be any obvious strata, or differences in composition and no fossils. On Christmas day, however, I went out on the family property to do a bit of photogrammetry of the sandstone outcrops on the property and I stumbled upon a very interesting pattern in the sandstone: I have been told that it looks like bioturbated sandstone, and it certainly looks like some kind of biological pattern. This sandstone belongs to the garber formation in central Oklahoma, and is Permian in age. This is the only place I've seen such a pattern anywhere around here. Is anyone familiar with the garber sandstone or perhaps with similar formations/trace fossils?
  19. BathMC

    Help with ID for these please

    I keep finding small rocks at the base of banks alongside the road, around the area where I live in Bath, UK. Most of them contain bivalves but I keep coming across this shape which I can’t recognise (picture 1) Picture 2 is a close-up of rock A which seems least weathered. I think these are the imprints left behind by something but I also have an example of what I think could be the actual object itself (please excuse my lack of terminology!) but it’s tiny compared to the other three examples (picture 3) Any help with this would be great thanks.
  20. PaleoOrdo

    Small Animals

    Last week I visited a silurian site and found this stone. I wonder which kind of animals this is? And which kind of stone, which is blue inside with a relative thin layer of white material on the surface. The animals are "printed" on the surface. Martin
  21. Hello there fossil forum! A few of you may have read my post about my 2 trips to Bornholm, a Danish island that holds a lot of different fossiliferous geological layers. I had specifically been digging by a location called "Hasle beach", where mid-jurassic sandstone layers are present. There have been found a few plesiosaur bones/teeth there, as well as 2 possible dinosaur bones, still being described, and also a few footprints. Other than that, mostly what you will find here, is shells, and occasionally hybodont shark teeth. As I mentioned in my last post about Bornholm (you can read it here), I found a ratfish/chimaera tooth together with the drummer from my heavy metal band. Our guitarist and bassist were nearby, as me and the drummer sat in one spot, opening several large eroded sandstones together, when suddenly a small black lump was visible within the orange sandstone. It turned out to be a chimaera tooth. When we were done digging for the 7 days we were there, we handed some of the stuff over to the museum on the island to check it out. I took the chimaera tooth with me home. About 1 and a half month later, a renowned Danish paleontologist made a lecture/presentation about dinosaur finds on Greenland. In between one of the breaks in his presentation, I got to talk to him, and I had taken some of my finds from Bornholm with me, including some plesiosaur bones, and the chimaera tooth. He took some of the stuff with him, to examine closer. He sent some of the bones back last month, saying it was some partial vertebrae fragments, which wouldn't be of interest to the geological institute. However, the chimaera tooth was interesting, as it was unlike other chimaera teeth found at the location. Today I just got an email from the paleontologist, that the tooth is in fact from a new species, and will be included in a scientific article about chimaera-fauna in the Hasle-formation! It has officially been declared "Danekræ", which is a title all "scientifically important" fossil-finds are given. It becomes state-property, and the finder/finders of the fossil are rewarded with some cash, as well as the honors of having their name attached to the find!
  22. lebaz03

    My big old fish

    The fossil forum members identified this fish years ago but I lost that information due to a computer crash. I can remember they thought it came from Brazil? and had an age attached to it. I found it at an estate sale in Racine WI. in the basement of the house. The owner said it had been in that corner when he purchased the house and was more than happy for me to take it out of his way. I think it is very interesting but would like more information. Thank you
  23. lebaz03

    Funny stuff imbedded in rock

    Found this rock in Wisconsin US near Lake Michigan. Looked interesting but I have no good idea of what they are. The largest length of the black things is 12.7 mm or1/2 in. all encased in the light shaded rock band.
  24. Found this in a creek bed. Looks like sandstone. Not sure what it could be. Any help would be appreciated. In Western NY. Chautauqua county.
  25. Arizonadirtbag

    Trace fossils? Coral? Anemone? Worms?!?

    Hey there! This is my first post on The Fossil Forum. I don't have a lot of knowledge about fossils, but I sure do know how to find them. Hopefully these aren't too obvious and boring, but I'm incredibly curious anyway. I found these near Sheep Bridge north of Phoenix, Arizona. Here the Verde river has cut through deep layers of ancient lava, sandstone, mudstone, etc. I was exploring for crystals up on a steep hill along the river's canyon walls when I came across a whole lot of these things. They are very fragile and I didn't want to break apart some of the 2-3 foot wide boulders of them so as to preserve them for others to find. Anyway, my understanding is that this area was once a sea floor, so I'm assuming they are some type of coral, anemone or something similar. The fossils are composed mostly of the same sediment which encases them, so I suppose they must be trace fossils, but please correct me if I am wrong. Other not-so-filled-in ones even had crystals and other minerals lining the cavity. As well, I looked at a geological map of Arizona and the area I was exploring is composed of the following... Late to Middle Miocene Basaltic Rocks (8-16 Ma): Mostly dark, mesa-forming basalt deposited as lava flows. Pliocene to Middle Miocene Deposits (2-16 Ma): Moderately to strongly consolidated conglomerate and sandstone deposited in basins during and after late Tertiary faulting. Includes lesser amounts of mudstone, siltstone, limestone, and gypsum. There are a couple photos of some ball shaped objects which were very easy to knock apart from the surrounding stone. I have no idea what those could be. The rest of the photos are of the coral looking objects. Some of them, if still intact, were nearly 24 inches long, but I left those behind and only took smaller samples. Please note how the "head" of the corals appears to flare out and is larger than the rest of the stem. Finally, some of them appear to have a little node sticking out of the "head," but I suspect that may be due to weathering as these are very fragile fossils. Thank you all so much for your interest and help and I look forward to learning more!
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