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  1. Hello everyone! Firstly, I know that this is a topic about whether or not a fossil is real, but seeing as a), I'm not looking to purchase one and b), I'm mostly interested in how they could possibly form, I've put it in the general fossil discussion. If an administrator thinks this topic would be better for the 'is it real?' discussion, please feel free to move it. Anyways, a while ago the above Captorhinus fossil was posted to the 'is it real?' discussion board, which I thought was an obvious fake, as the matrix looked unnatural, the cervical ribs looked less like ribs and more like sea urchin spines, the skull was miraculously immaculately preserved and the knee joints were facing in the wrong direction for tetrapods. However, I was browsing the internet, when I came across the Wikipedia page for the Richard's Spur Quarry, and saw this image of Captorhinus aguti: Now, these specimens obviously look more real than the fake Captorhinus at the top; although I know Wikipedia isn't always a reliable source the information on it is usually not too far from the truth, and I'd be very surprised if they had fake fossils as images representing 'real' ones. However, I still have my doubts about these two skeleton's legitimacy; the skulls looks too well preserved and a bit like resin, and the knee joints are yet again facing the wrong direction. Are these fossils real, and if so, how did the skull preserve so immaculately while the legs were distorted? Is this something unique to Richard's Spur? Thank you for your help.
  2. 'Like swallowing a dinner plate': 180 million-year-old fish may have choked to death on its supersized supper, Ethan Freedman, LiveScience, August 14, 2023 Death By Ammonite" Shows Jurassic Fish's Fatal Last Meal 180 Million Years On Racheal Funnell, IFLscience, August 2, 2023 The open access paper is: Cooper, S.L. and Maxwell, E.E., 2023. Death by ammonite: fatal ingestion of an ammonoid shell by an Early Jurassic bony fish. Geological Magazine, 160(7), pp.1254-1261. Yours, Paul H.
  3. Oxytropidoceras

    How Many Dinosaurs Remain Undiscovered?

    How Many Dinosaurs Remain Undiscovered? Paleontologists say more non-avian dinos are waiting to be uncovered than have previously been found By Riley Black, Smithsonian Magazine, July 21, 2023 Yours, Paul H.
  4. How are dinosaur tissues preserved in deep time? by Tracey Peake, North Carolina State University, PhysOrg, May 1, 2023 The open access paper is: Anderson, L.A., 2023. A chemical framework for the preservation of fossil vertebrate cells and soft tissues. Earth-Science Reviews, no. 104367. Yours, Paul H.
  5. Does anyone know of deposits other than the LeGrand crinoids where each species is preserved in a different characteristic color, all on the same slab? We have this kind of thing in the brachiopods and trilobites of the Decorah Formation (Late Ordovician) here in Missouri, which is what got me thinking about it. But I've never seen a report summarizing other cases of this phenomenon, and as I think about it I'm not sure I can name any others. Can you? Brachiopod photo info: A= Zygospira B= Rafinesquina C= Doleroides 1 = Isotelus, rusty brown 2 = ?Achatella, light gray. Highway M near Antonia, Jefferson County Decorah Formation, Late Ordovician, ~450 million years old
  6. Been going through an old collection I haven't looked at in many years and in it are 15 or 20 pieces of wood, collected at the Ernst quarry back in the 90s. I haven't seen any similar examples from Sharktooth Hill or elsewhere. The pieces are somewhat fragile and often partially hollow with small (druzy?) purplish crystals on the interior. The rest is mostly composed of the same purplish-black material but man also show a tougher translucent outer crust. Some of the interiors of these pieces also contain powdery, lightweight chunks of brown matter. Based on appearance and the local geology as well as the preservation of flora from another miocene site in the region (see Reynolds p.114) I'm guessing the dark purplish stuff is pyrolusite or a similar manganese mineral. I assume the tougher clear stuff is microcrystalline quartz. The powdery brown stuff I cannot explain except as mummified wood, but I haven't found any pre-pliocene examples in the fossil record. I'm not a wood guy in general though so maybe there's more out there. What do you think? Something of research value? A small piece (~2.5 cm square) with the two primary minerals. Typical piece. Largest is about 15 cm. The mysterious Brown Matter. Very hard to get a good photo since it's mostly deep in the "geode."
  7. How Fossils Get That Way: Paleontologist Anna “Kay” Behrensmeyer’s Years Amidst Rock And Bone by Dale Debakcsy, Women You Should Known, June 15, 2022 Meet the Scientist Studying How Organisms Become Fossils In the latest iteration of “Meet a SI-entist,” get to know the scientist who pioneered a new scientific field - taphonomy. Margaret Osborne, Smithsonian News, May 28th, 2020 Anna K. Behrensmeyer Senior Research Geologist and Curator of Vertebrate Paleontology Yours, Paul H.
  8. The comprehensive, open access review paper is: Slater, B.J. and Bohlin, M.S., 2022. Animal origins: The record from organic microfossils. Earth-Science Reviews, 232, no. 104107. open access review paper A related video. Possible sponge fossils in the Tonian of northwestern Canada, Elizabeth Turner, Laurentian University, Virtual Seminars in Precambrian Geology Turner's open access paper is: Turner, E.C., 2021. Possible poriferan body fossils in early Neoproterozoic microbial reefs. Nature, 596(7870), pp.87-91. Yours, Paul H.
  9. New Mexico mammoths among best evidence for early humans in North America by University of Texas at Austin The paper is: Rowe, T.B., Stafford Jr, T.W., Fisher, D.C., Enghild, J.J., Quigg, J.M., Ketcham, R.A., Sagebiel, J.C., Hanna, R. and Colbert, M.W., 2022. Human Occupation of the North American Colorado Plateau∼ 37,000 Years Ago. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, no. 534. (open access paper) Formation and Taphonomy of Quaternary Fossil Accumulations: Advances and New Perspectives Yours, Paul H.
  10. Stunningly preserved ‘Cretaceous Pompeii’ fossils may not be what they seem By Mindy Weisberger, Live science https://www.livescience.com/agu-dinosaurs-3d-cretaceous-pompeii.html The talk is: Chen, E., MacLennan, S., Kinney, S., Chang, C., Olsen, P., Sha, J., Fang, Y., Liu, J. and Shoene, B., 2020, December. A New Look at the Lujiatun: Dinosaur Attrition in Burrows, Not a Cretaceous Pompeii and Not a Shoreline to the Jianshangou Lake. In AGU Fall Meeting 2020. AGU. https://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/sites/default/files/u1748/Chen_Abstract.pdf https://web.archive.org/web/20201219230210/https://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/sites/default/files/u1748/Chen_Abstract.pdf Related paper: Rogers, C.S., Hone, D.W., McNamara, M.E., Zhao, Q., Orr, P.J., Kearns, S.L. and Benton, M.J., 2015. The Chinese Pompeii? Death and destruction of dinosaurs in the Early Cretaceous of Lujiatun, NE China. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 427, pp.89-99. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/82369398.pdf https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274902952_The_Chinese_Pompeii_Death_and_destruction_of_dinosaurs_in_the_Early_Cretaceous_of_Lujiatun_NE_China https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Christopher_Rogers2 Yours, Paul H.
  11. Matthias, A. and Carpenter, K., 2004. Experimental and glass bead collecting by the harvester ant. Neues Jahrbuch Fur Geologie Und Palaontologie Monatshefte, (2), pp.80-86. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/287636793_Experimental_fossil_and_glass_bead_collecting_by_the_harvester_ant https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kenneth_Carpenter3/2 Schoville, B.J., Burris, L.E. and Todd, L.C., 2009. Experimental artifact transport by harvester ants (Pogonomyrmex sp.): Implications for patterns in the archaeological record. Journal of Taphonomy, 7(4), pp.285-303. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233778262_Experimental_artifact_transport_by_Harvester_ants_Pogonomyremx_sp_Implications_for_patterns_in_the_Archaeologial_record https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Lawrence_Todd Yours, Paul H.
  12. the Scientist Studying How Organisms Become Fossils Margaret Osborne, Smithsonian Blog, May 28th, 2020 Yours, Paul H.
  13. Yoshida, H., Ujihara, A., Minami, M., Asahara, Y., Katsuta, N., Yamamoto, K., Sirono, S.I., Maruyama, I., Nishimoto, S. and Metcalfe, R., 2015. Early post- mortem formation of carbonate concretions around tusk-shells over week-month timescales. Scientific reports, 5, no. 14123. Open access Nagoya University PDF link Researchgate PDF link More papers by Ippei Maruyama More papers by Hidekazu Yoshida Related papers are: Yoshida, H., Yamamoto, K., Minami, M., Katsuta, N., Sin-ichi, S. and Metcalfe, R., 2018. Generalized conditions of spherical carbonate concretion formation around decaying organic matter in early diagenesis. Scientific reports, 8(1), pp.1-10. Open access Another PDF link for paper Researchgate PDF link More papers by Hidekazu Yoshida Yoshida, H., Asahara, Y., Yamamoto, K., Katsuta, N., Minami, M. and Metcalfe, R., 2019. 87 Sr/86 Sr age determination by rapidly formed spherical carbonate concretions. Scientific reports, 9(1), pp.1-7. Open access Researchgate PDF link Publisher Correction More papers by Hidekazu Yoshida Yours, Paul H.
  14. I'm curious what may have caused this burrow-like hole in dalmanitid eye? The eye popped off while I was prepping it availing a look inside. Microbes, worms, decay?
  15. Below are some online PDF files of the now defunct, but still famous, the Leisey Shell Pit in southwest florida. Leisey Shell Pit 1A, University of Florida Vertebrate Fossil Locality HI007 https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/florida-vertebrate-fossils/sites/leisey-shell-pit-1a/ https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/100years/leisey-shell-pit-fossils/ Hulbert, Jr., R.C., Morgan, G.S. and Webb S.D., eds., 1995. Paleontology and Geology of the Leisey Shell Pits, Early Pleistocene of Florida. Bulletin Florida Museum of Natural History, 37 (Part I). https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/bulletin/publications/ https://ufdc.ufl.edu/UF00095791/00001 https://ufdc.ufl.edu/UF00095791/00002/allvolumes Hulbert, Jr., R.C., Morgan, G.S. and Webb S.D., eds., 1995. Paleontology and Geology of the Leisey Shell Pits, Early Pleistocene of Florida. Bulletin Florida Museum of Natural History, 37 (Part II). https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/bulletin/publications/ https://ufdc.ufl.edu/UF00095791/00002 https://ufdc.ufl.edu/UF00095791/00002/allvolumes Hulbert, R.C. and Morgan, G., 1989. Stratigraphy, paleoecology, and vertebrate fauna of the Leisey Shell Pit Local Fauna, early Pleistocene (Irvingtonian) of southwestern Florida. Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/313657536_Stratigraphy_paleoecology_and_vertebrate_fauna_of_the_Leisey_Shell_Pit_Local_Fauna_early_Pleistocene_Irvingtonian_of_southwestern_Florida http://floridapaleosociety.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Papers-in-Florida-Paleontology-2-July-1989.pdf Portell, R.W. and Kittle, B., 2010. Mollusca: Bermont Formation (middle Pleistocene). Florida Fossil Invertebrates, 13, pp.1-40. http://floridapaleosociety.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/FFI-13.pdf Kittle, B., and Portell, R.W., 2010. Mollusca: Fort Thompson Formation (middle Pleistocene). Florida Fossil Invertebrates, 13, pp.1-40. http://floridapaleosociety.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/FFI-12.pdf Morgan, G.S. and Hulbert Jr, R.C., 1995. Overview of the geology and vertebrate biochronology of the Leisey Shell Pit local fauna, Hillsborough County, Florida. Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History, 37(1), pp.1-92. https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/files/7114/7180/9327/Vol-37-Part_1-No-1.pdf https://www.researchgate.net/publication/257620521_Overview_of_the_geology_and_vertebrate_biochronology_of_the_Leisey_Shell_Pit_Local_Fauna_Hillsborough_County_Florida https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Richard_Hulbert Taphonomy of the terrestrial mammals of Leisey Shell Pit 1A, Hillsborough County, Florida https://www.researchgate.net/publication/306429620_Taphonomy_of_the_terrestrial_mammals_of_Leisey_Shell_Pit_1A_Hillsborough_County_Florida https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Richard_Hulbert As lagniappe, there is also an online PDF of a guidebook to Cretaceous-Cenozoic Floras and Landscapes of Southeastern Australia. It is: First International Palaeontological Congress: Pre-Congress Fieldtrip 1: Cretaceous-Cenozoic Floras and Landscapes of Southeastern Australia https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233747871_Cretaceous-Cenozoic_Floras_and_Landscapes_of_Southeastern_Australia https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Stephen_Mcloughlin/2 https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Stephen_Mcloughlin/ Yours, Paul H.
  16. Oxytropidoceras

    "Instant" Fossilization

    Surprise! Fossils in a flash What the study of death, decay and ‘instant’ fossils is telling science about how life has evolved. Douglas Fox, Science News for Students, May 16, 2020 https://www.sciencenewsforstudents.org/article/surprise-fossils-flash Yorus, Paul H.
  17. What Future Civilization Will Learn From Tomorrow’s Fossils Rick Robinson, Northrop Grumman, April 27, 2020 https://now.northropgrumman.com/what-future-civilization-will-learn-from-tomorrows-fossils/ Fossils of the 21st century Maddie Stone, Gizmodo, December 12, 2012 https://earther.gizmodo.com/the-fossils-of-the-21st-century-1830693850 Humans Produce So Much Junk, We Are Creating a New Geological Layer The technofossils we leave behind will create a mark on the planet. By Starre Vartan, Slate, March 27, 2017 https://slate.com/technology/2017/03/humans-are-creating-a-new-geological-layer-of-technofossils.html Dibley, B., 2018. The technofossil: a memento mori. Journal of Contemporary Archaeology, 5(1), pp.44-52. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325573088_The_Technofossil_A_Memento_Mori https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ben_Dibley Zalasiewicz, J., Williams, M., Waters, C.N., Barnosky, A.D. and Haff, P., 2014. The technofossil record of humans. The Anthropocene Review, 1(1), pp.34-43. http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/506920/1/Zalasiewicz et al. 2014.pdf https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/2053019613514953 Yours, Paul H.
  18. Has a comprehensive study of the taphonomy of the trilobites found in the Asery Level, Simankovo Formation, been published in either English or Russian? If so, where has this research been published? I have found online a copy of: Ivantsov, A. Y. (2004) Ordovician Trilobites of the Subfamily Asaphinae of the Ladoga Glint. Paleontological Journal v. 37, supp. 3, pp. S229-S337. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260191469_Ordovician_Trilobites_of_the_Subfamily_Asaphinae_of_the_Ladoga_Glint https://www.academia.edu/2353004/Ordovician_Trilobites_of_the_Subfamily_Asaphinae_of_the_Ladoga_Glint However, I would like to find a more detailed discussion of the taphonomy / sedimentology of the the Asery Level, Simankovo Formation if it exists in either English or Russian. More details are in "What's the age of Asery Level" at http://www.thefossilforum.com/index.php?/topic/83363-whats-the-age-of-asery-level/ Any citations that anyone can recommend would be appreciated. Yours, Paul H.
  19. What fossils will modern-day civilization leave behind? By Eva Frederick, Science News, Jan. 6, 2020 https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/01/what-fossils-will-modern-day-civilization-leave-behind The open access paper is: Plotnick, R.E. and Koy, K.A., 2019. The Anthropocene Fossil Record of Terrestrial Mammals. Anthropocene, p.100233. The Anthropocene fossil record of terrestrial mammals https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221330541930044X?via%3Dihub Yours, Paul H.
  20. Hello together, some time ago I bought a nice big Spinosaurus tooth I am quite happy with. I only wonder when its tip got its shape: when the animal was still alive and chewing fish , when the fossil was (partially) in the ground or when it was in the preppers workshop. Any opinions on that one? thanks in advance, J
  21. Scylla

    Preserved Cambrian Brain

    Nevermind that the authors got the age wrong by a factor of 1000! They thought it was 500,000 years old but they say Cambrian so I guess it is 500 million years old. https://news.google.com/articles/CAIiEGCPp7KKbJYVK8AnXN7shMsqGQgEKhAIACoHCAowrq6BCzCw9PwCMMjF7gU?hl=en-US&gl=US&ceid=US%3Aen
  22. Exceptional fossils may need a breath of air to form University of Texas at Austin, November 6, 2019 https://phys.org/news/2019-11-exceptional-fossils-air.html https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/11/191106112109.htm https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-11/uota-efm110519.php Exceptionally preserved Jurassic sea life found in new fossil site by University of Texas at Austin https://phys.org/news/2017-01-exceptionally-jurassic-sea-life-fossil.html The paper is: A.D. Muscente Et Al, Taphonomy Of The Lower Jurassic Konservat-Lagerstätte At Ya Ha Tinda (Alberta, Canada) And Its Significance For Exceptional Fossil Preservation During Oceanic Anoxic Events, Palaios (2019). DOI: 10.2110/Palo.2019.050 https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/sepm/palaios/article/34/11/515/574686/TAPHONOMY-OF-THE-LOWER-JURASSIC Martindale, R.C., Them, T.R., Gill, B.C., Marroquín, S.M. and Knoll, A.H., 2017. A new Early Jurassic (ca. 183 Ma) fossil Lagerstätte from Ya Ha Tinda, Alberta, Canada. Geology, 45(3). https://par.nsf.gov/servlets/purl/10066020 https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/bitstream/handle/10919/81874/Geology 2017 Martindale-2.pdf?sequence=1 Yours, Paul H.
  23. Researchers discover more male than female mammalian fossils in museum collections by Bob Yirka , Phys.org https://phys.org/news/2019-09-male-female-mammalian-fossils-museum.html The Quirk of Collecting That Skews Museum Specimens Male. Only two orders of mammals—containing bats, anteaters, and sloths—are biased toward females. Rachel Gutman, The Atlantic, Sept. 11, 2019 https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2019/09/research-specimens-are-mostly-male/597832/ The paper is: Gower, G., Fenderson, L.E., Salis, A.T., Helgen, K.M., van Loenen, A.L., Heiniger, H., Hofman-Kamińska, E., Kowalczyk, R., Mitchell, K.J., Llamas, B. and Cooper, A., 2019. Widespread male sex bias in mammal fossil and museum collections. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 116(38), pp.19019-19024. https://www.pnas.org/content/116/38/19019.short Yours, Paul H.
  24. What Fossils Alone Can’t Explain About Dinosaurs When time is measured in 10-million-year blocks, the lines between ecosystems and animals that would never have coexisted can get blurry. Laura Poppick, The Atlantic, August 17, 2019 https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2019/08/paleontology-precision-problem/596176/ Yours, Paul H.
  25. Previtera, E., 2019. Taphonomic analysis of saurischian dinosaurs from the Plottier Formation (Upper Cretaceous), Mendoza, Argentina. Andean geology: Formerly Revista geológica de Chile, 46(2), pp.345-367. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5027/andgeoV46n2-3161 http://www.andeangeology.cl/index.php/revista1/article/view/V46n2-3161 http://www.andeangeology.cl/index.php/revista1/article/view/V46n2-3161/pdf Yours, Paul H.
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