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  1. Frightmares

    IMG_6789.jpeg

    From the album: Dinosaur Teeth

  2. Frightmares

    IMG_6788.jpeg

    From the album: Dinosaur Teeth

  3. Frightmares

    IMG_6783.jpeg

    From the album: Dinosaur Teeth

  4. Frightmares

    IMG_6765.jpeg

    From the album: Dinosaur Teeth

  5. Frightmares

    IMG_6764.jpeg

    From the album: Dinosaur Teeth

  6. Frightmares

    IMG_6758.jpeg

    From the album: Dinosaur Teeth

  7. Frightmares

    IMG_6628.jpeg

    From the album: Dinosaur Teeth

  8. Frightmares

    IMG_6629.jpeg

    From the album: Dinosaur Teeth

  9. Frightmares

    IMG_6630.jpeg

    From the album: Dinosaur Teeth

  10. According to the seller this is a parietal skull bone from a Kem Kem theropod, likely abelisaurus or carchadorontosaurus. Opinions? Kem Kem basin, Tegana fm, Red Sandstone Beds. Taouz, South Marocco. Size: 19 cm (7.48 inch)
  11. Updated 5/4/22 (in red) Updated 3/8/23 to add Carch photos of holotype Although a lot of this has already been posted on a number of topics, I thought consolidation might prove useful with some additional information. If you're planning to purchase theropod teeth from Morocco's Kem Kem Beds or already have some in your collection check this out. Moroccan theropods are poorly understood and not a lot has been published. Very few articulated skeletons have been found and most are partial and without a skull. There is also lots of mis-information, mostly unintentional, from some dealers but especially with online auction sites. Unfortunately these are the most misidentified commercially sold dinosaur fossil around. Please post your interest here on the forum before you buy. These strata are recognized as the Kem Kem Group, which is composed in the south of the lower Gara Sbaa and upper Douira formations, in the North the Deckar 2 and 3 Formations and in the central region as Akrabou and Ifezouane Formations. Quite a bit of material is has been made available to collectors from El Begaa which is the closest village to the locality Aferdou N’Chaft. Based on Nizar Ibrahim et al. / ZooKeys 928: 1–216 (2020) publication we can say this material is from the Gara Sbaa Formation in the Kem Kem Group There is also material becoming available from area 13 Iferda N'Ahouar which also appears to be the Gara Sbaa Formation. The distribution of the different groups of fossils can been see in the pie chart below. Dinosaurs make up a small percentage of what is collected. So first lets identify what is known to the best of my knowledge. Theropods that have been described across North Africa (focus on large bodied theropods). Ibrahim et al. not in agreement Theropods that have been described in Kem Kem: >Spinosaurus aegyptiacus * (Spinosauridae) *Some paleontologist believe this species is unique to Egypt and Kem Kem material should be identified as Spinosaurid indet. Lots of questions exist over Ibrahim (2014) diagnosis which validated this species. The question of multiple Spinosaurids is still an open issue. >Sigilmassasaurus brevicollis (Spinosauridae) Validity is questioned by Ibrahim et al. >Carcharodontosaurus saharicus (Carcharodontosauridae) >Sauroniops pachytholus (Carcharodontosauridae) Validity is questioned by Ibrahim et al. >Deltadromeus agilis (Neovenatoridae) Theropods that have not been described from the Kem Kem but isolated teeth may exist and have been reflected in scientific papers: >Dromaeosaurid sp.? Hendrickx suggested these are actually Noasaurid indet. >Abelisaurid indet. Theropod teeth that are sold commercially but no scientific evidence yet to link them to the Kem Kem: >Abelisaurus sp. (Not described from North Africa) >Rugops sp. (Only described from Niger) >Bahariasaurus sp. (Only described from Egypt) >Elaphrosaurus sp. (From Jurassic of Tanzania) So what is being sold and what are the issues? Spinosauridae Teeth are well understood by both collector and dealers, see photo. Issues are typically associated with restoration and compositing a larger tooth from multiple teeth. Teeth with matrix attached to them are suspect for restoration so be careful. At least two species of Spinosaurids exits and it's currently impossible to determine if they are Spinosaurus or Sigilmassasaurus or an Undescribed taxon. Conflicting taxonomic hypotheses have been proposed. Ibrahim at al (2014) suggest that all specimens found belong to Spinosaurus aegyptiacus. Evers et al (2015) regard Spinosaurus maroccanus and Sigiilmassaurus brevicollis as belonging to the same taxon S. brevicollis which is also supported by Hendrickx et al (2016). Ever at al (2015) also described additional specimens from a second unnamed Spinosaurid. Bottom line we do not have enough specimens to eliminate ontogenetic or sexual dimorphism differences and accurately describe Spinosaurids in the Kem Kem. So these teeth are best identified as: Spinosaurid indet. Vertical ridges can be present on both lingual and labial side, or absent on both or just one side.. Serrated : Spinosaurid teeth exist with a "beaded" carina. few examples of finely beaded teeth are popping up. Not sure we can currently say much about them if they are an evolutionary carryover on some teeth, an abberation in some jaws or a Baryonychinae type species. Carcharodontosauridae Not a lot is published on these teeth the and the best we have is from the holotype. Maxilla contained a few teeth No teeth were found on the partial dentary Teeth, those that are compressed and blade like, first photo. Wrinkles by the distal carina are diagnostic to this species. Mesial teeth are fat, slender and look very different (D shaped) (next three photos). Two species currently are described Carcharodontosaurus saharicus and Sauroniops pachytholus and its impossible to differentiate teeth between these taxons. Similiar to the Spinosaurid debate one exists with these two species and if Sauroniops is valid. Similiar to Spinosaurids the big issue is having enough specimens to make a proper determination in what exists. For these reasons best identified as : Carcharodontosaurid indet. On Lateral teeth marginal and transverse undulations can be present. Mesial carina reaches the base in most lateral teeth. Distal serration density typically greater than mesial on lateral teeth, opposite on mesial teeth. Lateral tooth Anterior Tooth Carcharodontosaurid indet Pre-Maxillary Tooth From the collection of @Omnomosaurus and identified by Christophe Hendrickx Serration Count: • Mesial: 12/5mm 8/5mm (closer to apex) • Distal: 9/5mm (just above midline) 7/5mm (closer to apex) CH: 34mm approx, CBL: 15mm, CBW: 9.5mm, CBR: .63 Key Features: Mesial carina ends mid-crown and is centrally placed. No marginal undulations present No transverse undulations present No longitudinal ridges present Weak short interdental sulci on one side of distal denticles at mid-cow Strongly displaced distal carina Braided enamel texture Photos by Omnomosaurus Theropod indet. There are also intermediate size teeth (1 1/2") that are being sold as Deltadromeus or another theropod. I believe these could be Deltadromeus teeth but until we see scientific evidence this morphology of tooth should be identified as Theropod indet. No skull was found with the holotype or in any other discoveries so we do not know what they look like. Carcharodontosaurid serrations Theropod indet. Dromaeosauridae: Teeth being sold as Dromaeosaurus are most likely misidentified, so here is what to look for. There are a few morphologies floating around but nothing as been formally described. Teeth are typically small around 1/2" (1.2cm) to over 1" (2.5cm) One morphology of these teeth are suggested by Hendrickx to be from a Noasaurid dinosaur. Although you see many sellers using the word Raptor next to what they are offering it's unknown if there is a true raptor in the Kem Kem. Abelisaurids are not raptors This figure identifies a study of isolated teeth by Richter (2015) and identifies two morphologies (A to D) and (E to G) as Dromaeosaurid. Mesial and distal carinae show a distinct density difference in serrations. The tip of the tooth extends past the base. On morph E/F a faint but visible constriction between crown and root is visible. The later form suggested by some paleontologists is most similiar to troodontids. Morph variant 3 that I have in my collection but not seen in any papers Mesial and distal carinae range show a distinct difference. A distinct twist to the mesial carina. It's unknown what this tooth belongs to. Abelisaurid indet. With new discoveries we can put a real species name to these teeth but currently they are indeterminate. These are easily identifiable but can easily be misidentified with certain morphologies of Dromaeosaurid teeth. The teeth are very compressed, the cross-section is oval at the base, the mesial side is strongly curved and the distal side is almost straight to the base of the tooth, see red lines in the photo. These teeth could be similar to Rugops since it's an Abelisaurid but we have no scientific information to suggest that they are and should be identified as Abelisaurid indet. Specimen UCPC 10 is extremely similar to Nigers Rugops but its missing several characteristics that definitively say its Rugops sp. Quite a few paleontologists have said its the same species. Premaxillary Bottom Line: There are NO theropod teeth in the Kem Kem Beds that you can currently definitively assign to a Genus, no less a Species, all should be identified to a family level.. If your interested here are some of the variations in morphologies of teeth from the Kem Kem
  12. Ericlin

    Dinosaur tooth?

    Hello everyone, new to the forum here, I got a dinosaur tooth from a friend and was wondering if anyone can identify it. It’s about 1 inch and was discovered in the hell creek formation and in the powder River county. Let me know your thoughts and thanks in advance!
  13. I ordered these two teeth yesterday off an auction site. Both sold as undescribed theropod. Now, I see no theropods are actually desxribed from there--but if anyone is able to narrow it down to a family or something that would be great. Only a small amount of visible serrations unfortunately which will make it hard. The second one, I am wondering if it may actually be Razandrongbe because of the rounded base. Tooth 1 -- 1 inch Tooth 2 - 0.69 inch The full location is Ambondromamy region, mahajanga basic, madagascar. isalo IIIb Formation. To stop the teeth photos getting mixed up in uploadimg, this first page is tooth one. I will replymwith tooth 2.
  14. svcgoat

    Theropod tooth fragment?

    I see what I think are serrations on this very small tooth fragment. Is this Theropod? If so is it possible to id?
  15. Mikej_fossils

    ID small theropod claw from Niger

    Hello, I hope someone can help identify this claw from Niger. As with almost all material from Niger, information about where it was found is not available. But I hope someone has an idea based on the external features. So far, two possible options have been mentioned for this approximately 4 cm / 1.6 inches theropod claw. The options are two theropods that fall within the Noasauridea family. Option 1 is an Afromimus (Elrhaz formation, early Cretaceous) and option 2 is a Spinostropheus (Tiouraren, middle Jurassic). There's Hematite on the claw. Hope someone has an idea. Thanks in advance! - Mike
  16. I was looking at some of my small theropod teeth, but I was not 100% sure what the best ID for these two teeth were. Any input or help would be appreciated. These were sold as Nanotyrannus, but very small chance of dromaeosaurid and Aguja dromaeosaurid respectively, but I think they might be Richardoestesia cf. gilmorei. The cross-section of the Hell Creek tooth I think rules out Dakotaraptor, or at the very least, does not match the known morphology. Edit: Oops, I used the really funky side of the ruler I'm using. I was going to use the millimeter side, but ending up using a side that measures 20mm per. The measurements are accurate though as I used calipers for that. Hell Creek Formation; Garfield County, Montana CBL: 6mm CBW: 2.4mm Mesial Density: 8-9/mm [Towards end of carinae] Distal Density: 11/2mm (5.5/mm) CH is a bit difficult since the tooth has heavy feeding wear, but it is 8.3mm tall, but could be significantly higher. The mesial carinae does not appear to extend to the base. Aguja Formation; Brewster County, Texas CH 6.4mm CBL 3.7mm CBW 1.4mm Mesial Density: Possibly worn down, or none Distal Density: 16/2mm (8/mm)
  17. Hi everyone! Online I found this tooth for sale, the seller presents it as Afrovenator abakensis tooth from Tiouraren Hill in Niger. In my limited experience I know that it is not always easy to identify which species or genus the found teeth belong to. In this case, from the photos, is it possible to understand if it is really an Afrovenator or maybe another species?
  18. BirdsAreDinosaurs

    Suchomimus tooth

    Hi! This compressed, incomplete tooth is 2,9 cm long and has fluting and tiny serrations of the right dimensions for a Suchomimus tooth. Yet it does look quite different than some other Suchomimus teeth I have seen online, so I would love to hear your opinions. The location given is Gadoufaoua, Tenere Desert, Niger, Elrhaz Fm. Thanks!
  19. Fullux

    Tiny theropod tooth

    Any idea what this little tooth could be from? It was found in the Hell Creek formation outside of Faith, South Dakota. It has no serrations and the seller says it may be a juvenile richardoestesia.
  20. Josesaurus rex

    Allosaurus ribs or not?

    Hello everyone. A few weeks ago I received this piece of matrix with remains claimed to be Allosaurus, from the Morrison Formation. I'm not sure if they're even dinosaur, but I bought them anyway to experiment with cleaning it. What is highlighted in green, in the first photo, is where I was cleaning up with a dremel engraver. From a previous post that I saw on the forum, where someone was asking about this same fossil (I apologize if I bought it ahead of time), I read that they suggested just exposing the bones a little more, and preparing the matrix. It's what I'm doing. But since I don't have paraloid or butvar, in some parts to reinforce the fragile bones I applied super glue, one that is quite liquid and absorbs very well through the cracks, I apply it by drops using a syringe. Maybe I did wrong, but it is the only thing that could have been done in the absence of something better, and I find that it has stabilized the bones very well so that they do not crumble. In the parts highlighted in blue in the first photo and those that follow, there are spaces in the matrix where there was bone, which surely eroded and only the mold remained. The matrix is quite hard, so I don't think it needs any additional need. My doubts are: a) Are Allosaurus rib fragments effectively treated, as suggested in the publication? b) If they are not, is it possible to tell if it is a theropod, sauropod or other type of animal? Thank you very much in advance.
  21. JorisVV

    Niger theropod claw ID

    Is anyone able to actually ID a claw like this? It is 9CM straight. Footclaw or handclaw even? Niger claw as you can see. And I am aware there is not that much information to ID a claw. But this one is pretty much complete.
  22. Hi everyone, this is my first post on here. This specimen was labelled as a 'dinosaur jaw bone' and it was found in the Hell Creek Formation near Glendive, Montana. It is about 27 mm long. It does seem to me it belongs to a reptile of some sort but I haven't been able to find anything on the internet to identify it with any more specificity so I'd really appreciate your expertise in identifying it. Thanks everyone!
  23. BirdsAreDinosaurs

    Four Kem Kem theropod teeth

    Hi all. These are four theropod teeth from the Kem Kem beds that I am not sure about how to assign them. I was hoping you could have a look and let me know what you think. 1. A 3 cm long tooth, I think this one might be Carcharodontosaurid. 2. This one is 1.9 cm long. Distal serrations are slightly less dense than mesial ones. 3. A small one, 1.5 cm. Hard to measure, but mesial denticles appear to have a slightly higher density. 4. A 2 cm ugly one Thanks! Let me know if you need more info or pictures.
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