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  1. The Triassic-Jurassic Extinction Event of 201 Million Years ago is less talked about at times than the Mass Extinction events at the end of the Permian and the end of the Cretaceous, but was still an incredibly significant extinction event in Earth’s geologic history. P. Olsen et al. Arctic ice and the ecological rise of the dinosaurs. Science Advances. Published online July 1, 2022. doi:10.1126/sciadv.abo6342. https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.abo6342 Caused by volcanic eruptions that would eventually break apart Pangea and form the Atlantic Ocean, about 23-43% of marine genera (including 96% of coral genera at the time) was wiped out alongside between 17-73% of plant genera at the time. On land, archosaur diversity was decimated. Phytosaurs, Aetosaurs, and many others primitive archosaur groups were wiped out. But one major group of archosaurs that survived were the dinosaurs (Dinosauria). Emerging first in the middle Triassic, dinosaur diversity was hit hard by the event. But the group was overall able to survive thanks to adaptations such as a mostly warm-blooded metabolism and (for theropod dinosaurs) feathers for warmth. Some of the first true mammals including Morganucodon also survived the event, but they would take more of a backseat until the end of the Mesozoic era. For the Dinosaurs, the survivors of the event would go on to diversify, increase in size, and dominate Earth’s terrestrial ecosystems for the next 135 Million Years as they become one of the most successful animal groups in Earth’s history. Here’s a list of all currently known Dinosaur genera and families that survived the Triassic-Jurassic Extinction Event. If I forget any examples, please let me know and I'll add the examples to the list promptly. Dinosauria Saurischa Theropoda (Theropod Dinosaurs) Coelophysidae Coelophysis (Late Triassic-Early Jurassic, 215-199.3 Million Years ago) https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38520 https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicCollectionSearch?collection_no=47198 https://elischolar.library.yale.edu/peabody_museum_natural_history_postilla/169/ https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/14/11/973 https://www.cell.com/current-biology/pdf/S0960-9822(16)31124-1.pdf Lophostropheus (Late Triassic-Early Jurassic, 205.6-196.5 Million Years ago) https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1671/0272-4634(2007)27[73%3ATCLAGN]2.0.CO%3B2 https://www.theropoddatabase.com/Coelophysoidea.htm https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4720452/ Liliensternus (Late Triassic-Early Jurassic, 288-201.3 Million Years ago) https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=55542 https://archive.org/details/predatorydinosau00paul/page/266/mode/2up https://www.cell.com/current-biology/pdf/S0960-9822(16)31124-1.pdf ?Megapnosaurus (Late Triassic-Early Jurassic, 237.0-199.3 Million Years ago) https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=101006 M. A. Raath. 1972. First record of dinosaur footprints from Rhodesia. Arnoldia. 5(37):1-5. https://paleobiodb.org/classic/displayCollResults?taxon_no=101006&max_interval=Triassic&country=Zimbabwe&is_real_user=1&basic=yes&type=view&match_subgenera=1 https://libres.uncg.edu/ir/asu/f/Heckert_A_2003_24_Coelophysids.pdf https://dinodata.de/bibliothek/pdf_p/2021/rsos.210915.pdf Dracoraptor (Late Triassic-Early Jurassic, 201.4-199.3 Million Years ago) https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=335179 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4720452/ Dilophosauridae https://morphobank.org/index.php/Projects/ProjectOverview/project_id/4332 https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02724634.2021.1897604 (next sources for this part I recommend further analysis for their hypothesis of the genus Dilophosaurus itself (not just Dilophosauridae) emerging in the late Rhaetian stage of the Triassic in what is now Southern France) https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=231458 https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicCollectionSearch?collection_no=38886&is_real_user=1 https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicCollectionSearch?collection_no=126607&is_real_user=1 https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicCollectionSearch?collection_no=206455&is_real_user=1 https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=231458&is_real_user=1 https://libres.uncg.edu/ir/asu/f/Heckert_A_2005_29_Arizonas.pdf Eubrontes (Brazil species, Late Triassic-Early Jurassic, 228-201.3 Million Years ago) https://paleobiodb.org/classic/displayCollResults?taxon_no=66094&max_interval=Triassic&country=Brazil&is_real_user=1&basic=yes&type=view&match_subgenera=1 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235218239_Footprints_of_large_theropod_dinosaurs_and_implications_on_the_age_of_Triassic_biotas_from_Southern_Brazil Sauropodomorpha (Sauropod dinosaurs and their ancient sauropodomorph relatives) Massospondylidae https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-01120-w Massospondylus (Late Triassic-Early Jurassic, 200-183 Million Years ago) https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38642&is_real_user=1 https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/geological-magazine/article/abs/sedimentology-and-palaeontology-of-the-upper-karoo-group-in-the-midzambezi-basin-zimbabwe-new-localities-and-their-implications-for-interbasinal-correlation/BF94CA760FCD32F6708001EF18B5299E https://bioone.org/journals/journal-of-vertebrate-paleontology/volume-29/issue-4/039.029.0401/A-New-Basal-Sauropodomorph-Dinosaur-from-the-Upper-Elliot-Formation/10.1671/039.029.0401.short Melanorosauridae Melanorosaurus (Late Triassic-Early Jurassic, 216.5-201 Million Years ago) https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38648 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281466716_The_first_complete_skull_of_the_Triassic_dinosaur_Melanorosaurus_Haughton_Sauropodomorpha_Anchisauria https://wiredspace.wits.ac.za/server/api/core/bitstreams/5d876b0c-8599-4ee4-8b75-d4078290f8c2/content Lessemsauridae https://wiredspace.wits.ac.za/items/95d33ada-766c-4446-a71b-33fd37fadad4 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-01120-w Plateosauridae Plateosaurus (Late Triassic-Early Jurassic, 208.5-199.3 Million Years ago) https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38644 https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicCollectionSearch?collection_no=191140 https://www.cell.com/current-biology/pdf/S0960-9822(16)31124-1.pdf What do you guys think? Hope you all like it.
  2. From the album: Vertebrates

    Teffichthys madagascariensis (Piveteau, 1934) Early Triassic Dienerian Sakamena Formation Ambilobe Madagascar
  3. Taxonomy from Fossilworks.org Originally described as Mixosaurus panxianensis, Maisch 2010, p. 162 "proposed the name Barracudasauroides n. gen., with the type species Barracudasauroides panxianensis (JIANG et al. 2006) n. comb.” Diagnosis from Maisch 2010, p. 161: "Small mixosaurids, skull length below 250 mm, crista sagittalis low, 15 or less premaxillary teeth with elongate, conical and pointed crowns, maxillary teeth stronger than premaxillary teeth, anterior maxillary teeth robust, conical and blunt, posterior maxillary teeth slightly elongated mesiodistally, jugal with short processus posteroventralis, no external contact between jugal and quadratojugal, postorbital and possibly squamosal reach incisura postjugalis, postorbital seperates postfrontal and supratemporal, radius with two anterior notches (modified from JIANG et al. 2005, 2006).” References: D.-Y. Jiang, L. Schmitz, and W.-C. Hao, Y.-L. sun. 2006. A new mixosaurid ichthyosaur from the Middle Triassic of China. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 26(1):60-69. M. W. Maisch. 2010. Phylogeny, systematics, and origin of the Ichthyosauria - the state of the art. Palaeodiversity 3:151-214.
  4. From the album: Vertebrates

    Piveteauia madagascariensis Lehman, 1952 Early Triassic Dienerian Beroroha Madagascar References: Woodward, A.S. (1910): On some Permo-Carboniferous Fishes from Madagascar. Ann. Mag. Natur. Hist., ser. 8, 5: 1-6 Moy-Thomas, J.A. (1935): The coelacanth fishes from Madagascar. Geol. Mag., 72: 213-227; London Beltan, L. (1980a): Eotrias du Nord-Ouest de Madagascar: Etude de quelques poissons, don’t un est en parturition. Ann Soc. Geol. Nord, 99: 453-464; Lille
  5. izak_

    Juvenile xenacanth

    While preparing a large xenacanth tail from a new site south of Sydney I noticed this juvenile of the same species within the nodule. Xenacanths are very common in this horizon of the Ashfield Shale but are often poorly preserved, so this example offered a unique opportunity to photograph certain features such as the denticles. Unfortunately, both specimens are incomplete since half the nodule was missing, but that is just the nature of this site! Here is the whole nodule with the partial xenacanth tail, three poorly preserved Cleithrolepis and juvenile xenacanth towards the right: The juvenile xenacanth. Towards the top middle section is the base of the dorsal spine which never seems to preserve on adult specimens, and towards the left are impressions of denticles and the vertebrae. Towards the right, the lower jaws with teeth are preserved and there even seems to be an impression of the eye. Ammonium chloride images of a latex peel showing the whole specimen and closeups of the jaw and teeth: Closeups of denticles:
  6. Ashley Coates

    Aust (UK) query: jaw bone

    Hi all Grateful for any ideas on this. Found at Aust cliffs, Westbury Bone Formation. Assumed to be a fish (poss reptile) jaw bone. My working assumption is it is either Gyrolepis albertii or Severnichthys acuminatus or one of the (six?) other bony fish taxa from this part of the world. Have quite a few other bits to ID soon too! I hope the images line up. The teeth get smaller as the rock, and bone, narrows, and line up where the rock has broken [due to falling from the cliff - not me!]. The appear to curve inwards. To me they look more Gyrolepis but I have never handled a jaw bone from the fish here so not too sure. Bone seems quite thick to me. Thank you, Ashley
  7. oilshale

    Platysiagum sinensis Wen et al., 2019

    Taxonomy from Fossilworks.org. From Wen et. al. 2019, p. 4: "Emended diagnosis (Bürgin, 1992, 1996; Neuman & Mutter, 2005). – Small to large-sized (52–600 mm in total length) actinopterygians. Elongate fusiform body with a deeply forked, equilobate and hemi-heterocercal caudal fin. Dorsal and anal fins segmented entirely. Head characterized by a large and broad preoperculum and a maxilla with a long and narrow posterior plate. Dermohyal present. The terminal axial scale lobe reaches over half of the upper caudal fin lobe length. No epaxial rays. Fin rays branch distally. Fringing fulcra on the surfaces of marginal fin rays. Scales with smooth surfaces and serrated posterior border." Line drawing from Wen et al. 2019, p. 9: References: Bürgin, T. (1992). Basal ray-finned fishes (Osteichthyes; Actinopterygii) from the Middle Triassic of Monte San Giorgio (Canton Tessin, Switzerland). Schweizerische Paläontologische Abhandlungen 114, 1–164. Bürgin, T. (1996). Diversity in the feeding apparatus of perleidid fishes (Actinopterygii) from the Middle Triassic of Monte San Giorgio (Switzerland). In Mesozoic Fishes – Systematics and Paleoecology (eds G. Arratia & G. Viohl), pp. 555–65. Munich: Pfeil. Mutter, R. J. (2005). Re-assessment of the genus Helmolepis Stensiö 1932 (Actinopterygii: Platysiagidae) and the evolution of platysiagids in the Early-Middle Triassic. Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae 98, 271–80. WEN W, HU SX, ZHANG QY, et al. (2019). A new species of Platysiagum from the Luoping Biota (Anisian, Middle Triassic, Yunnan, South China) reveals the relationship between Platysiagidae and Neopterygii. Geological Magazine. 156(4):669-682.
  8. From the album: Vertebrates

    Platysiagum sinensis Wen et al., 2019 Middle Triassic Anisian Guanling Formation Luoping Yunnan PRC
  9. Hello! Sorry to add another keichousaurus to the forum but I was hoping to get some help. I've always wanted one of these but have never done it because I am worried it might be fake. So, if anyone could provide input, I would be super grateful. I looked at the things to look for both in reals and fakes and nothing really stood out to me about either being real or fake. I am okay with slight restoration but would like it to be as authentic as possible of course. I cropped the picture to respect the identity of the collector and dealer but some of you may have seen this, haha. Thanks in advance forum!
  10. Isotelus2883

    A Fish Scale From Granton Quarry

    I found this fish scale in the lighter grey layers of Granton Quarry. It is about 1 cm in length, and seems to be rather characteristic, so I am hopeful of a ID. Lockatong Fm Granton Quarry, North Bergen, New Jersey Upper Triassic Thanks.
  11. Fossil reveals 240 million year-old dragon' By Victoria Gill, BBC News, February 22, 2024 The open access paper is: Spiekman, N.S.F., Wang, w., Zhao. L., Rieppell, O., Fraser, N.C, and Li, C., 2024, Dinocephalosaurus orientalis Li, 2003: a remarkable marine archosauromorph from the Middle Triassic of southwestern China. Earth and Environmental Science Journal Transactions of The Royal Society of Edinburgh , First View Published online by Cambridge University Press: 23 February 2024, pp. 1-33. A related paper is: Lu, Y.T. and Liu, J., 2023. A new tanystropheid (Diapsida: Archosauromorpha) from the Middle Triassic of SW China and the biogeographical origin of Tanystropheidae. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 21(1), p.2250778. More related papers Yours, Paul H.
  12. From the album: Vertebrates

    Barracudasauroides panxianensis (Jiang, Schmitz, Hao & Sun, 2006) Middle Triassic Anisian (Pelsonian) Luoping Yunnan PRC Alternative name: Mixosaurus panxianensis Jiang, Schmitz, Hao & Sun, 2006. Length 90cm
  13. Othniel C. Marsh

    Phytosaur tooth

    Below is an unidentified phytosaur tooth from the Norian of the Chinle Formation which I've been struggling to identify to a genus or species level. Thanks in advance for any proposed ID's Othniel
  14. L.S., Wanted to raise some awareness on TFF because I expect many here will simply love this: A good friend of mine, Iris van Zelst (geophysicist at the German Aerospace Center in Berlin) has developed this really nice card game centred around the geological time scale: QUARTETnary The gameplay is based on the classic game Quartets (similar to Go Fish and Happy Families), where players try to collect as many sets of four cards as they can. In QUARTETnary, each of the sets represents four major events that took place during a specific geological time period. To win the game, you need to create the most complete timeline of Earth history, all the way from its formation 4.567 billion years ago to the appearance of us humans. The cards have been designed by Lucia Perez-Diaz (Earth scientist and freelance illustrator from the UK). The illustrations look amazing and I really like that they adhered to the official colour scheme of the International Commission on Stratigraphy. Iris sent me this nice set of cards for the Proterozoic: The game includes 15 sets of four cards in total (many featuring fossils): one each for the Hadean, Archean and Proterozoic eons, and one each for the 12 periods of the Phanerozoic. I expect QUARTETnary will become a really fun way to learn about and memorize the different geological units and major events in Earth history. Kind regards, Tim
  15. My wife and I went on a fossil hunting trip yesterday to check out a Triassic spot, New Oxford formation, in northeastern York county, Pennsylvania. It took us a bit to find the spot but once we did, we made a couple nice finds. The first rock is about 30 cm long, about 23 cm wide, and about 15 cm thick. It weighs almost 13 kilograms (about 28 pounds). While I'm not absolutely certain, I think this piece has several tree branches running through it. Branch #1, about 23 cm long and about 3 cm wide Branch #2, about 24 cm long and about 2 cm wide Underneath of branch #2, were several black pieces. I'm guessing they're carbonized pieces of the wood? Branch #3 about 12 cm long and about 3-4 cm wide. Branch #4 (ok maybe this one is more like a twig!) 6 cm long and about 1 cm wide The second rock is about 23 cm long, about 13 cm wide, and about 7 cm thick. It weighs almost 3 kilograms (about 6 pounds). This rock only has one plant fossil that I could see. It is about 8.5 cm long and 1.5 cm across. You can see what appears to be a cast of the branch with an imprint on the side going up from the cast. These last two pieces I'm unsure of whether they are plant fossils or just some interesting geologic somethings. This is mystery piece #1 This is mystery piece #2 This was our first Triassic spot! We were excited to make these finds. After hitting our fair share of Devonian and some Carboniferous spots it was nice to find a different time period and new, to us, fossils! Hopefully, I've correctly identified these finds as plant fossils! If anyone could recommend a resource to help us identify Triassic plants that would be very helpful!
  16. oilshale

    Whiteia oishii Yabumoto & Brito 2016

    Picture number 3 shows a close up of the scales. Taxonomy according to Yabumoto & Brito, 2016. Yabumoto & Brito 2016, p. 234: "The locality and horizon of the type specimens are not precisely known. Available information is that the locality lies in the area of Noe Bihati, West Timor, Indonesia." Diagnosis in Yabumoto & Brito 2016, p 234: "Whiteia with the following combination of characters: with five to ten sparse long ridges on scales, nine rays (seven anterior long and two posterior short) on the first dorsal fin, pointed denticles on the anterior fin rays of the first dorsal fin, operculum with many tubercles, postparietal with many pits and short radial grooves, angular with radial grooves and other bones of the head smooth, without tubercles." Line drawing of the holotype by Yabumoto & Brito, p. 235: A.b = basal plate of anal fin; D1.b = basal plate of first dorsal fin; D2.b = basal plate of second dorsal fin; L = lung; P.b = pelvic bone. Identified by oilshale using Yabumoto & Brito, 2016. Reference: YABUMOTO, YOSHITAKA AND BRITO, PAULO M. (2016) A new Triassic coelacanth, Whiteia oishii (Sarcopterygii, Actinistia) from West Timor, Indonesia. Paleontological Research, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 233–246.
  17. From the album: Vertebrates

    Saurichthys spinosa Su, Wu & Fang, 2017 Middle Triassic Anisian Guangling Formation Dawazi Yunnan PRC
  18. oilshale

    Kyphosichthys grandei Wu & Xu, 2011

    Taxonomy from Fossilworks.com. Xu & Wu 2012, p. 112: "Etymology: The generic name is derived from kyphos (Greek), meaning bent and referring to its lumped back, and ichthys (Greek), meaning fish. The species name honors Lance Grande for his recent, valued contribution to the study of the Ginglymodi." Emended diagnosis from Sun & Ni, 2017, p. 3: "(Possible autapomorphies marked with *). Small- to medium-sized, deep-bodied ginglymodian with a remarkable hump between head and dorsal fin (juveniles much more rounded, without the hump). A short, broad, squarish rostral bone; the dorsalmost suborbital bone(s) separating preopercle from dermopterotic bone; two anterior infraorbital bones; seven infraorbital bones between antorbital and dermosphenotic bones; infraorbital bone at the posteroventral corner of the orbit enlarged posteriad, reaching the anterior margin of the preopercle and laterally covering the quadrate; a large splint-like quadratojugal lateral to the quadrate; a short maxilla with a deep supramaxillary notch; two pairs of extrascapular bones; a rounded median gular plate. A compound first pectoral ray fused with basal and fringing fulcra; dorsal and anal fins far posteriorly located, with the insertion of dorsal fin five/six scale rows behind that of the anal fin; presence of scale-like fin rays. A complete scale row bordering the posterior margin of the dorsal body lobe, lacking additional incomplete scale rows. Scales smooth on the surface except for the anterior flank scales which are ornamented with ganoine ridges; posterior margin of scales with spare serrations. Pterygial formula of (D20-21/P7-9A16C25)T29-30." Line drawing from Sun & Ni, 2017, p. 4: References: Xu & Wu, (2012). A deep-bodied ginglymodian fish from the Middle Triassic of eastern Yunnan Province, China, and the phylogeny of lower neopterygians. Chinese Science Bulletin, January 2012 Vol.57 No.1: 111-118. http://www.springerl...28/fulltext.pdf Sun, Z., & Ni, P. (2017). Revision of Kyphosichthys grandei Xu & Wu, 2012 from the Middle Triassic of Yunnan Province, South China: implications for phylogenetic interrelationships of ginglymodian fishes. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 16(1), 67–85. doi:10.1080/14772019.2016.1269049
  19. Polybranchiaspidida

    What do you think its ID is? I need your help.

    It came from UK,Triassic period.But I don’t know its ID and formation.Please help me!
  20. From the album: Vertebrates

    Habroichthys broughi Lin et al., 2011 Middle Triassic Pelsonian Luoping Yunnan PCR
  21. Quite regularly, questions turn up about the authenticity of Keichosaurus fossil specimens. Until now, most, if not all, were natural, but mostly just very poorly prepped. Would you like to show off "real" fakes, casts or replicas of Keichosaurus? I would like to get a feeling for them, at least from pics. If there already exists such a topic somewhere else in the forum, please put a link in this topic. Thank you very much! Franz Bernhard
  22. Hi all, We spent yesterday in a different section of the quarry I posted about here. This section yielded some nice fish, plants and even another temnospondyl! Phyllotheca or a different horsetail Xenacanthid pieces Various fish bits A nice nodule with a fish inside I will post some more photos of the temnospondyl once it gets excavated, but here is a loose section from the rear of the skull. After our quarry visit we went to a terrific Eocene plant locality, will post some photos from there next!
  23. bockryan

    Cycadales

    From the album: Fossil Collection: DC Area and Beyond

    Cycadales Gulf, NC Pekin Formation Late Triassic
  24. onafets

    Nothosaurus tooth from France

    Hi everyone! I added this Nothosaurus tooth from France to the collection. Upper Muschelkalk (Triassic), about 245 million years old. Found in France in the province of Sarrebourg, department of Moselle. The tooth is 11 mm large. I would like information on how to identify it, and learn how to distinguish the species by comparing the tooth with other Nothosaur fossils found in the same area. Can Nothosaur be described as a marine reptile even though it is semi-aquatic?
  25. Hello everyone! A couple of weeks ago, I traveled to Turimetta Beach, a Triassic fossil locality in the Sydney Basin. I found several plant fossils. Some were too fragmentary for ID, but if possible I would like to know people's opinions on the ID of these three. I've read through previous forum posts and am aware these might not be able to be ID'ed. Fossil plate which I found as a rockfall near Turimetta Headland. A relatively large stem which was found in the same rockfall. A small leaf I found at an outcrop on the beach itself. Thanks for any possible help!
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