I found this tooth in June 2017 diving in a GA river. its is right at 5.0" and one of the nicest I have found!

I was looking over a metaxytherium vertabrae I bought, and I saw this line. I've heard of shark bite marks on these type of things before, could this be one? If more pictures are needed let me know! Note: I don't know which subforum this goes on, I put it on questions and answers.

Could you please ID this tooth for me? Miocene, Calvert Cliffs. 1 1/16". Thinking Mako? Thanks.

Hi guys, this some miocenic vetrebas and megs preaparation

My boyfriend and I finally made our first trip to the Peace River two weeks ago. We were lucky enough to spend the whole week on the river with varying levels of success. We did find a few smaller megs and fraglodons. We need help identifying many of the items we are unsure of. There are LOTS of pictures headed to the ID forum so please help if you can! Pic files are big so I can only upload one at a time. We flew so I had to leave another probably 20lbs of other huge bone fragments, dugong ribs etc with a friend who lives in the area. I won't get them until they drive up here in July. Thanks EDIT: I'll use my new Moderator powers to edit your posts adding item numbers to your finds so they may be more easily referred to later on in the discussion below. -Ken Item #1

Hello there all! I have not been able to do much fossiling over the last few months as I have been busy with this and that, however in the last week I was able to take a couple of trips up to Mathesons Bay. The bay is situated in Leigh, north of Auckland and belongs to the Cape Rodney formation. The fossil bearing rocks in the bay are early Miocene, between 22 and 20 million years old (Otaian in New Zealand's geological scale). The specimen I'm wondering about was found in coarse sandstone, along with some quite nice little brachiopods ( in fact there is a piece of brachiopod attached to it). It is only a fragment but the piece has rows of knobs ranging from 2mm to 0.5mm in diameter running along its curved surface. There does not seem to be a clear pattern in regards the size of the knobs in each row, which leaves me wondering if it is a echinoid or not. However, it is possible the the variability in the knob's size is down to weathering, as the specimen is quite worn.. As far as I have read, the only echinoid known from the locality is Phyllacanthus titan, with that known from its fossilised spines alone (a few fragments of which I found, one quite near the specimen in question). I am wondering if this piece is from Phyllacanthus titan, or some other type of sea urchin. Thanks a lot! Here are a couple more pictures, the specimen is rather worn and a little difficult to make out I am afraid..

Last week I visited one of my favorite spots for fossil shells. Out near St. Leonard, MD (Calvert Cliffs) there is a spot where a landslide carried matrix loaded with shells out into the bay. Today, all that remains is a shelf of packed sand visible only at very low tide, and a layer of shells -mostly broken- on the bay floor. You never know what you'll find, though. This time I found more than two dozen different species, most of them withe specimens in good enough condition to be keepers. Back home in Delaware, I sorted everything out. My collection is big enough that I try to keep the best examples and not bring home bucket loads. I'm running out of shelves, and for the sake of domestic tranquility I don't overload the house with boxes all in one shot. In this case, however, I did bring home bucket loads. I had another agenda. I started volunteering at the Delaware Museum of Natural History's Collections and Research Dept., which prides itself on its Mollusk collection, a few months ago. They were looking for a volunteer to sort, classify and catalogue their Florida fossil shells. Turns out that they had exactly 3 fossil shells from Maryland, all of which I donated last fall. This month, both the Collection Manager and I are fixing that problem. I spent yesterday morning at home cleaning the first batch of shells and picking out the nicer ones to bring along, then spent a quiet, happy afternoon in the cool, shady archives identifying every piece. Eventually, it will all go not only into their private database, but a searchable online database with detailed photos for other researchers. Now to go scrape away more matrix lumps and see what else I can find!

I managed to get out to the Peace River yesterday. My hunting buddy has a shallow spot, but I also understand that the river is down and dig-gable in spots. The location we are digging produces marine fossils including occasional sponge and different urchin spines. I found a tooth that I did not recognize: First I wondered if it was a tooth; it seems to be squeezed on its lateral sides. I thought the base seems most comparable to barracuda. Some of the photos are blurry and added more to provide a composite view. All comments appreciated. Jack

I spent a FANTASTIC day at the Stratford Hall cliffs yesterday courtesy of Mid Atlantic Fossil and Nature Trips. HUGE thanks to Cathy for organizing the outing as it was one of the best days I can remember having (collecting or otherwise!) Found a great many teeth during the 4 hours (particularly for a relative newcomer). Favorites of the day were the nice croc at top, a few of the more complete hemis, my first makos, and.... the VERY partial Meg at far left under the bottle cap. I saw the root sticking out of the sand, my heart skipped a beat, and then I discovered, much to my dismay, that almost the entire tooth was broken off. Oh well, I'll save the intact tooth for next time!!

A package arrived from the USA today which I'd been awaiting with trepidation for a while. The content was intact and I did a little dance Aza, who came along with @Jeffrey P for the German excursion had promised to send me a nice Meg as a token of thanks for showing her around and doing a bit of prep work for her on her finds. I've been wishing for a tooth of this quality for quite a long time, so needless to say, I'm a happy man today.

These are a few of the pdf files (and a few Microsoft Word documents) that I've accumulated in my web browsing. MOST of these are hyperlinked to their source. If you want one that is not hyperlinked or if the link isn't working, e-mail me at joegallo1954@gmail.com and I'll be happy to send it to you. Please note that this list will be updated continuously as I find more available resources. All of these files are freely available on the Internet so there should be no copyright issues. Articles with author names in RED are new additions since July 11, 2017. Phylum Brachiopoda - The Lamp Shells Triassic Triassic Brachiopods - Africa/Middle East Gaetani, M. (2016). Brachiopods from the Type-Section of the Bithynian Substage (Anisian, Middle Triassic, Northwestern Turkey). Revista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia, Vol.122(2). Hudson, R.G.S. and R.P.S. Jefferies (1961). Upper Triassic Brachiopods and Lamellibranchs from the Oman Peninsula, Arabia. Palaeontology, Vol.4, Part 1. Siblik, M. (1991). Triassic Brachiopods from Aghdarband (NE-Iran). In: The Triassic of Aghdarband (AqDarband), NE Iran, and its Pre-Triassic Frame. Ruttner, A.W. (ed.), Abh. Geol.B.-A., 38. Triassic Brachiopods - Asia/Malaysia/Pacific Islands Chen, J., Z.-Q. Chen and J.-N. Tong (2010). Palaeoecology and taphonomy of two brachiopod shell beds from the Anisian (Middle Triassic) of Guizhou, Southwest China: Recovery of benthic communities from the end-Permian mass extinction. Global and Planetary Change, 73. Chen, Z.-Q., G.R. Shi and K. Kaiho (2002). A New Genus of Rhynchonellid Brachiopod from the Lower Triassic of South China and Implications for Timing the Recovery of Brachiopoda After the End-Permian Mass Extinction. Palaeontology, Vol.45, Part 1. Sun, Z., et al (2009). Silicified Anisian (Middle Triassic) spiriferinid brachiopods from Guizhou, South China. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 54(1). Triassic Brachiopods - Europe (including Greenland and Siberia) Kaim, A. (1997). Brachiopod-bivalve assemblages of the Middle Triassic Terebratula Beds, Upper Silesia, Poland. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 42,2. Marquez-Aliaga, A., C.C. Emig and J.M. Brito (1999). Triassic Lingulide Brachiopods from the Iberian Range (Spain). Geobios, 32,6. Palfy, J. (1990). Paleoecological significance of Anisian (Middle Triassic) brachiopod assemblages from the Balaton Highland, Hungary. In: Brachiopods through time. MacKinnon, Lee and Campbell (eds.), Balkema, Rotterdam. Tomasovych, A. and M. Siblik (2007). Evaluating compositional turnover of brachiopod communities during the end-Triassic mass extinction (Northern Calcareous Alps): Removal of dominant groups, recovery, and community reassembly. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 244. Torti, V. and L. Angiolini (1997). Middle Triassic Brachiopods from Val Parina, Bergamasc Alps, Italy. Revista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia, Vol.103, Number 2. Triassic Brachiopods - North America Peckmann, J., et al. (2011). Mass Occurrences of the Brachiopod Halorella in Late Triassic Methane-Seep Deposits, Eastern Oregon. The Journal of Geology, Vol.119. Sandy, M.R. and G.D. Stanley (1993). Late Triassic Brachiopods from the Luning Formation, Nevada, and Their Palaeobiogeographical Significance. Palaeontology, Vol.36, Part 2. Zonneveld, J.-P., T.W. Beatty and S.G. Pemberton (2007). Lingulide Brachiopods and the Trace Fossil Lingulichnus from the Triassic of Western Canada: Implications for Faunal Recovery After the End-Permian Mass Extinction. Palaios, Vol.22. General Triassic Brachiopods Chen, Z.-Q., K. Kaiho ad A.D. George (2005). Early Triassic recovery of the brachiopod faunas from the end-Permian mass extinction: A global review. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 224. Tomasovych, A. and J. Farkas (2005). Cathodoluminescence of Late Triassic terebratulid brachiopods: implications for growth patterns. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 216. Trammer, J., A. Kaim and K. Malkowski (1996). Disturbance rings and shell shape in the Triassic brachiopod Coenothyris vulgaris. N.Jb.Geol.Palaont. Abh., 201(1). Usnarska-Talerzak, K. (1988). Morphology and Postembryonic Development of Coenothyris vulgaris (Schlotheim) Brachiopoda Middle Triassic. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 33(2). Jurassic Jurassic Brachiopods - Africa/Middle East Adabi, M.H. and D.V. Ager (1997). Late Jurassic Brachiopods from North-East Iran. Palaeontology, Vol.40, Part 2. Baeza-Carratala, J.F. and B. Sepehriannasab (2014). Early Jurassic (latest Toarcian) brachiopods from the northeastern margin of Western Tethys (Central Iran) and their paleobiogeographical significance. Geobios, xxx. (Accepted manuscript) Cooper, G.A. (1989). Jurassic Brachiopods of Saudi Arabia. Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology, Number 65. (224 pages, 11.5 MB) Feldman, H.R. and E.F. Owen (1988). Goliathyris lewyi, New Species (Brachiopoda, Terebratulacea) from the Jurassic of Gebel El-Minshera, Northern Sinai. American Museum Novitates, Number 2908. Feldman, H.R., E.F. Owen and F. Hirsch (2001). Brachiopods from the Jurassic (Callovian) of Hamakhtesh Hagadol (Kernub Anticline), Southern Israel. Palaeontology, Vol.44, Part 4. Feldman, H.R., E.F. Owen and F. Hirsch (1991). Brachiopods from the Jurassic of Gebel El-Maghara, Northern Sinai. American Museum Novitates, Number 3006. Krawczynski, C. and M. Wilson (2011). The first Jurassic thecideide brachiopods from the Middle East: A new species of Moorellina from the Upper Callovian of Hamakhtesh Hagadol, southern Israel. Acta Geologica Polonica, Vol.61, Number 1. Mancenido, M.O. and C.D. Walley (1979). Functional Morphology and Ontogenetic Variation in the Callovian Brachiopod Septirhynchia from Tunisia. Palaeontology, Vol.22, Part 2. Vörös, A. and R. Kandemir (2011). A new Early Jurassic brachiopod fauna from the Eastern Pontides (Turkey). N.Jb.Geol.Palaont. Abh., 260/3. Jurassic Brachiopods - Antarctica Quilty, P.G. (1972). Middle Jurassic Brachiopods from Ellsworth Land, Antarctica. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, 15:1. Jurassic Brachiopods - Asia/Malaysia/Pacific Islands Mukherjee, D. (2015). Diversity Dynamics of the Jurassic Brachiopod Fauna of Kachchh and Jaisalmer Basins, India. Journal of the Palaeontological Society of India, Vol.60(2). Jurassic Brachiopods - Europe (including Greenland and Siberia) Andrade, B., et al. (2016). Palaeobiogeographic patterns of brachiopod assemblages of the Iberian Subplate during the Late Toarcian-Early Aalenian (Jurassic). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 442. Baeza-Carratala, J.F. (2013). Diversity patterns of Early Jurassic brachiopod assemblages from the westernmost Tethys (Eastern Subbetic). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 381-382. Baeza-Carratala, J.F. (2011). New Early Jurassic brachiopods from the Western Tethys (Eastern Subbetic, Spain) and their systematic and paleobiogeographic affinities. Geobios, 44. (Author's personal copy) Baeza-Carratala, J.F., F. Garcia Joral and J.E. Tent-Manclus (2011). Biostratigraphy and paleobiogeographic affinities of the Jurassic brachiopod assemblages from Sierra Espuna (Malaguide Complex, Internal Betic Zones, Spain). Journal of Iberian Geology, 37(2). Baeza-Carratala, J.F., et al. (2015). Evolution of the last koninckinids (Athyridida, Koninckinidae), a precursor signal of the early Toarcian mass extinction event in the Western Tethys. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeogeography, 429. Baker, P.G. (2005). A New Lacazellin Thecideoid Brachiopod from the Middle Jurassic of Cotswolds, England. Palaeontology, Vol.48, Part 6. Baker, P.G. (1989). Evaluation of a Thecideidine Brachiopod from the Middle Jurassic of the Cotswolds, England. Palaeontology, Vol.32, Part 1. Baker, P.G. (1983). The Diminutive Thecideidine Brachiopod Enallothecidia pygmaea (Moore) from the Middle Jurassic of England. Palaeontology, Vol.26, Part 3. Baker, P.G. (1971). A New Micromorphic Rhynchonellide Brachiopod from the Middle Jurassic of England. Palaeontology, Vol.14, Part 4. Baker, P.G. (1970). The Morphology and Microstructure of Zellania davidsoni (Brachiopoda), from the Middle Jurassic of England. Palaeontology, Vol.13, Part 4. Baker, P.G. (1970). The Growth and Shell Microstructure of the Thecideacean Brachiopod Moorellina granulosa (Moore) from the Middle Jurassic of England. Palaeontology, Vol.13, Part 1. Baker, P.G. (1969). The Ontogeny of the Thecideacean Brachiopod Moorellina granulosa (Moore) from the Middle Jurassic of England. Palaeontology, Vol.12, Part 3. Baker, P.G. and D.G. Elston (1984). A New Polyseptate Thecideacean Brachiopod from the Middle Jurassic of Cotswolds, England. Palaeontology, Vol.27, Part 4. Barczyk, W. (1979). Brachiopods from the Jurassic/Cretaceous boundary of Rogoznik and Czorsztyn in the Pieniny Klippen Belt. Acta Geologica Polonica, Vol.29, Number 2. Dulai, A. (2003). Taxonomic composition of Mediterranean Early Jurassic brachiopod faunas from Hungary: niche replacement and depth control. Fragmenta Mineralogica et Palaeontologica, 21. Dulai, A. (1998). Early Jurassic brachiopods from the basal layers of the Pisznice Limestone of Labatlan (Gereese Mts., Hungary). Annales Historico-Naturalis Musei Nationalis Hungarici, Vol.90. Dulai, A. (1993). Hettangian (Early Jurassic) brachiopod fauna of the Bakony Mts. (Hungary). Fragmenta Mineralogica et Palaeontologica, 16. Dulai, A. (1992). The Early Sinemurian (Jurassic) brachiopod fauna of the Lokut Hill (Bakony Mts., Hungary). Fragmenta Mineralogica et Palaeontologica, 15. Eudes-Deslongchamps (1885). French Jurassic Brachiopods (Plates Only). Paleontologie Francaise. Garcia Joral, F., J.J. Gomez and A. Goy (2011). Mass extinction and recovery of the Early Toarcian (Early Jurassic) brachiopods linked to climate change in Northern and Central Spain. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 302 (Author's personal copy) Graziano, R., G. Buono and E.T. Ruggiero (2006). Lower Toarcian (Jurassic) brachiopod-rich carbonate facies of the Gran Sasso range (central Apennines, Italy). Bollettino della Societa Paleontologica Italiana, 45(1). Hallam, A. (1962). Brachiopod Life Assemblages from the Marlstone Rock-Bed of Leicestershire. Palaeontology, Vol.4, Part 4. Lazăr, I. and V. Barbu (2003). A New Species of the Brachiopod Genus Sphaeroidothyris from the Middle Jurassic (Bajocian) of Bucegi Mountains (Romania). Proc.Rom.Acad., Series B, 2003, 3. Lazăr, I., et al. (2011). An unusual brachiopod assemblage in a Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian) stromatactis mud-mound of the Eastern Carpathians (Haghimas Mountains), Romania. Facies, published on-line. Owen, E.F. and E.P.F. Rose (1997). Early Jurassic Brachiopods from Gibraltar and Their Tethyan Affinities. Palaeontology, Vol.40, Part 2. Radulovic, V.J. (1995). A Review of the Lower and Middle Jurassic Brachiopod Distribution in the Southern Carpatho-Balkan Arc and the Yugoslav External Dinarides. Geologica Carpathica, 46,6. Radulovic, B.V., V.J. Radulovic and D.A. Ruban (2016). Similarity of Early and Late Jurassic brachiopods between the Danubian and Getic tectonic units of eastern Serbia. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 443. Ruban, D.A. (2004). Diversity dynamics of Early-Middle Jurassic brachiopods of Caucasus, and the Pliensbachian-Toarcian mass extinction. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 49(2). Ruban, D.A. and A. Vörös (2015). Palaeobiogeographical affinity of the early Pliensbachian (Early Jurassic) brachiopod assemblage of the Northern Caucasus (Russia): A new evidence. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 430. Ruban, D.A., B.V. Radulovic and V.J. Radulovic (2015). Diversity dynamics of Early and Middle Jurassic brachiopods in the Getic and Danubian tectonic units of eastern Serbia: Regional versus global patterns. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 425. Sandy, M.R., et al. (2014). Brachiopods from Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous hydrocarbon seep deposits, central Spitsbergen, Svalbard. Zootaxa, 3884(6). Siblik, M. and H. Lobitzer (2008). A Jurassic Brachiopod Fauna from the Mitterwand Area near Hallstatt (Upper Austria). Jb.Geol.B.-A., 148(1). Vörös, A. (2005). The smooth brachiopods of the Mediterranean Jurassic: Refugees or invaders? Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 223. Vörös, A. and A. Dulai (2007). Jurassic brachiopods of the Transdanubian Range (Hungary); stratigraphical distribution and diversity changes. Fragmenta Mineralogica et Palaeontologica, 24-25. Jurassic Brachiopods - North America Baker, P.G. and M.A. Wilson (1999). The First Thecideide Brachiopod from the Jurassic of North America. Palaeontology, Vol.42, Part 5. Jurassic Brachiopods - South America/Central America/Caribbean Baker, P.G. and M.O. Mancenido (1997). The Morphology and Shell Microstructure of the Thecideidine Brachiopod Ancorellina ageri from the Lower Jurassic of Argentina. Palaeontology, Vol.40, Part 1. General Jurassic Brachiopods Baeza-Carratalá, J.F. and F.G. Joral (2014). Crural bases position as a structural criterion for supraspecific diagnosis of Early Jurassic zeilleriid bachiopods. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 59(3). Buckman, S.S. (1901). Homeomorphy Among Jurassic Brachiopoda. Proceedings of the Cotteswold Naturalists' Field Club, Vol.XIII, Part 4. Rudwick, M.J.S. (1965). Sensory Spines in the Jurassic Brachiopod Acanthothiris. Palaeontology, Vol.8, Part 4. Vörös, A. (2002). Victims of the Early Toarcian anoxic event: the radiation and extinction of Jurassic Koninckinidae (Brachiopoda). Lethaia, Vol.35. Vörös, A., Kocsis, A.T. and J. Palfy (2016). Demise of the last two spire-bearing brachiopod orders (Spiriferinida and Athyridida) at the Toarcian (Early Jurassic) extinction event. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 457. Cretaceous Cretaceous Brachiopods - Asia/Malaysia/Pacific Islands Andrzej, K., et al. (2010). A monospecific assemblage of terebratulide brachiopods in the Upper Cretaceous seep deposits of Omagari, Hokkaido, Japan. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 55(1). Hanger, R.A. and R. Krishnaswamy (1999). Possible Predation Scars on Rectithyris subdepressa (Stoliczka, 1872), Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Kallankurichi Fm., India. Virginia Journal of Science, Vol.50, Number 1. Cretaceous Brachiopods - Australia/New Zealand Hiller, N. (2014). Drill holes and shell repair in brachiopods from a Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) oyster reef, North Canterbury, New Zealand. Cretaceous Research, 49. Lee, D.E. and N. Motchurova-Dekova (2008). Chathamirhynchia kahuitara , a new genus and species of Late Cretaceous rhynchonellide brachiopod from the Chatham Islands, New Zealand: shell structure, palaeoecology and biogeography. Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 98. Cretaceous Brachiopods - Europe (including Greenland and Siberia) Barczyk, W. (1979). Brachiopods from the Jurassic/Cretaceous boundary of Rogoznik and Czorsztyn in the Pieniny Klippen Belt. Acta Geologica Polonica, Vol.29, Number 2. Bitner, M.A. and A. Pisera (1979). Brachiopods from the Upper Cretaceous chalk of Mielnik (Eastern Poland). Acta Geologica Polonica, Vol.29, Number 1. Farrow, G.E. and E.F. Owen (1980). Shallow-Water Cretaceous Brachiopods from Rockall Bank, North Atlantic. Palaeontology, Vol.23, Part 2. Harper, D.A.T., et al. (2005). Early Cretaceous brachipods from North-East Greenland: Biofacies and biogeography. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark, Vol.52. Lukender, A. (2002). Shell accumulation of the brachiopod Pygope catulloi Pictet, 1867 (Lower Valangian: Northern Calcareous Alps, Upper Austria): Palaeoecological Implications. Ann.Naturhist.Mus. Wien, 103A. Middlemiss, F.A. (1962). Brachiopod Ecology and Lower Greensand Palaeogeography. Palaeontology, Vol.5, Part 2. Motchurova-Dekova, N. and E.T. Ruggiero (2000). First Occurrence of the Brachiopod Family Erymnariidae Cooper in the Upper Cretaceous of Southern Italy. Palaeontology, Vol.43, Part 1. Posenato, R. and M. Morsilli (1999). New species of Peregrinella (Brachiopoda) from the Lower Cretaceous of the Gargano Promontory (southern Italy). Cretaceous Research, 20. Sandy, M.R., et al. (2014). Brachiopods from Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous hydrocarbon seep deposits, central Spitsbergen, Svalbard. Zootaxa, 3884(6). Simon, E. (1992). New Lower Maastrichtian megathyridid Brachiopods from the Phosphatic Chalk of Ciply (Mons, Belgium). Bulletin Van Het Koniklijk Belgisch Institut Voor Natuurwetenschappen, 62, Sulser, H., G. Friebe and P. Kürsteiner (2013). Little-known brachiopods from the Cretaceous of the Helvetic realm of NE Switzerland (Alpstein) and W Austria (Vorarlberg). Swiss J.Geosci., 106. Surlyk, F. (1984). The Maastrichtian Stage in NW Europe, and its brachiopod zonation. Bull.geol.Soc. Denmark, Vol.33. Surlyk, F. (1973). Autecology and Taxonomy of Two Upper Cretaceous Craniacean Brachiopods. Bull.geol.Soc. Denmark, Vol.22. Cretaceous Brachiopods - South America/Central America/Caribbean Holmer, L.E. and P. Bengston (2009). The first occurrence of a lingulid brachiopod from the Cretaceous of Sergipe, Brazil, with a restudy of 'Lingula' bagualensis Wilckens, 1905 from southern Patagonia. Palaontol.Z., 83. General Cretaceous Brachiopods Baker, P.G. (1991). Morphology and Shell Microstructure of Cretaceous Thecideidine Brachiopods and Their Bearing of Thecideidine Phylogeny. Palaeontology, Vol.34, Part 4. Gaspard, D. (2003). Some Cretaceous long-looped terebratulide brachipods analyzed in the light of the diversity observed in the ontogeny of Recent representatives. Bull.Soc.geol.Fr., Vol.174, Number 3. Kiel, S., et al. (2014). The Paleoecology, Habitats, and Stratigraphic Range the Enigmatic Cretaceous Brachiopod Peregrinella. PLoS ONE, 9(10). Sklenář, J. and E. Simon (2009). Brachiopod Gyrosoria Cooper, 1973 - a comparative palaeoecological, stratigraphical and taxonomical study. Bulletin of Geosciences, 84(3). Paleocene Dulai, A., M.A. Bitner and P. Muller (2008). A monospecific assemblage of a new rhynchonellide brachiopod from the Paleocene of Austria. Fossils and Strata, Number 54. Klosterman, S.L., et al. (2007). New Paleocene Rhynchonellide Brachiopods from the Potrerillos Formation, Northeast Mexico. J.Paleont., 81(3). Schroder, A.E., B.W. Lauridsen and F. Surlyk (2016). Obliquorhynchia (gen.nov): An asymmetric brachiopod from the middle Danian Faxe Formation, Denmark. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark, Vol.64. Eocene Barczyk, W. (1973). Brachiopods Terebratulina delheidi Vincent in the Nummulite Eocene of the Tatra Mts. Acta Geologica Polonica, Vol.23, Number 3. Bitner, M.A. (2000). Lower Eocene (Middle Ilerdian) Brachiopods from the Campo Region, Central Pyrenees, North-Eastern Spain. Revista Espanola de Paleontologia, 15(2). Bitner, M.A. (1996). Encrusters and borers of brachiopods from the La Meseta Formation (Eocene) of Seymour Island, Antarctica. Polish Polar Research, 17(1-2). Bitner, M.A. and M. Boukhary (2009). First Record of Brachiopods from the Eocene of Egypt. Natura Croatica, Vol.18, Number 2. Bitner, M.A. and A. Müller (2015). Brachiopods from the Silberberg Formation (Late Eocene to Early Oligocene) of Atzendorf, Central Germany. Palaontol.Z., published on-line. Bitner, M.A. and A. Dulai (2008). Eocene micromorphic brachiopods from north-western Hungary. Geologica Carpathica, 59(1). Bitner, M.A. and I. Dieni (2005). Late Eocene brachiopods from the Euganean Hills (NE Italy). Eclogae geol.Helv., 98. Bitner, M.A., H. Astibia and A. Payros (2016). Middle Eocene (Bartonian) brachiopods from the Pamplona Basin, Navarre, South-Western Pyrenees. Batalleria, 23. Bitner, M.A., A. Dulai and A. Galacz (2011). Middle Eocene brachiopods from the Szoc Limestone Formation (Bakony Mountains, Hungary), with a description of a new genus. N.Jb.Geol.Paleont. Abh., 259/1. Craig, R.S. (1997). A new cranioid brachiopod from the Eocene of southwest Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum, 18. Dulai, A. (2011). Late Eocene (Priabonian) micromorphic brachiopods from the Upper Austrian Molasse Zone. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists, 41. Emig, C.C. and M.A. Bitner (2005). Glottidia (Brachiopoda: Lingulidae) from the Eocene La Meseta Formation, Seymour Island, Antarctica. Palaeontology, Vol.48, Part 2. Harper, D.A.T. and R.W. Portell (2004). Brachiopods of the White Limestone Group, Jamaica. Cainozoic Research, 3(1-2). Rowell, A.J. and A.J. Rundle (1967). Lophophore of the Eocene Brachiopod Terebratulina wardenensis Elliott. The University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, Paper 15. Sandy, M.R., R.L. Squires and R. Demetrion (1995). Middle Eocene Terabratulide Brachiopods from the Bateque Formation, Baja California Sur, Mexico. J.Paleont., 69(1). Schimmel, M.K. (2010). Traces of Predation/Parasitism Recorded in Eocene Brachiopods from the Castle Hayne Limestone, North Carolina, U.S.A. Masters Thesis - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. (199 pages) Sulser, H., et al. (2010). Taxonomy and palaeoecology of brachiopods from the South-Helvetic zone of the Faneren region (Lutetian, Eocene, NE Switzerland). Swiss J.Geosci., 103. Oligocene Bitner, M.A. and A. Kroh (2011). First record of the genus Bronnothyris (Brachiopoda: Megathyrididae) from the Oligocene of the Mainz Basin (Germany). Geologica Carpathica, 62,3. Bitner, M.A. and M.R.A. Thomson (1999). Rhynchonellid brachiopods from the Oligocene of King George Island, West Antarctica. Polish Polar Research, Vol.20, Number 2. Bitner, M.A., A. Gazdzicki, and B. Blazejowski (2009). Brachiopods from the Chlamys Ledge Member (Polonez Cove Formation, Oligocene) of King George Island, West Antarctica. Polish Polar Research, Vol.30, Number 3. Bitner, M.A., P. Lozouet and B. Cahuzac (2013). Upper Oligocene (Chattian) brachiopod fauna from the Aquitaine Basin, southwestern France and its paleoenvironmental implications. Geodiversitas, 35(3). Radwanska, U. and A. Radwanski (1989). A new species of inarticulate brachiopods, Discinisca steiningeri sp.nov., from the late Oligocene (Egerian) of Plesching near Linz, Austria. Ann.Naturhist.Mus.Wein, 90A. Miocene Baumiller, T.K. and M.A. Bitner (2004). A case of intense predatory drilling of brachiopods from the Middle Miocene of southeastern Poland. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 214. Bitner, M.A. (1993). Middle Miocene (Badenian) brachiopods from coral reefs of north-western Bulgaria. Acta Geologica Polonica, Vol.43, Numbers 1-2. Bitner, M.A. and S. Schneider (2009). The Upper Burdigalian (Ottnangian) brachiopod fauna from the northern coast of the Upper Marine Molasse Sea in Bavaria, Southern Germany. N.Jb.Geol.Palaont. Abh., Vol.254,1/2. Bitner, M.A. and A. Dulai (2004). Revision of Miocene brachiopods of the Hungarian Natural History Museum, with special regard to the Meznerics collection. Fragmenta Palaeontologica Hungarica, 22. Bitner, M.A. and A. Kaim (2004). The Miocene brachiopods from the silty facies of the intra-Carpathian Nowy Sacz Basin (Poland). Geological Quarterly, 48(2). Bitner, M.A. and J.A. Crame (2002). Brachiopods from the Lower Miocene of King George Island, Antarctica. Polish Polar Research, Vol.23, Number 1. Dulai, A. (2007). Badenian (Middle Miocene) micromorphic brachiopods from Bánd and Devecser (Bakony Mountains, Hungary). Fragmenta Palaeontologica Hungarica, 24-25. Dulai, A. and M. Stachacz (2011). New Middle Miocene Argyrotheca (Brachiopoda; Megathyrididae) species from the Central Paratethys. Foldtani Kozlony, 141/3. Emig, C.C. and M.A. Bitner (2005). The brachiopod Lingula in the Middle Miocene of the Central Paratethys. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 50(1). Harper, D.A.T. and R.W. Portell (2004). Brachiopods of the White Limestone Group, Jamaica. Cainozoic Research, 3(1-2). Harper, D.A.T. and R.W. Portell (2002). The Brachiopod Fauna of the Montpellier Formation (Miocene), Duncans Quarry, Jamaica. Caribbean Journal of Science, Vol.38, Numbers 3-4. Popiel-Barczyk, E. and W. Barczyk (1990). Middle Miocene (Badenian) brachiopods from the southern slopes of the Holy Cross Mountains, Central Poland. Acta Geologica Polonica, Vol.40, Numbers 3-4. Reolid, M., et al. (2012). Thick brachiopod shell concentrations from prodelta and sliciclastic ramp in a Tortonian Atlantic-Mediterranean strait (Miocene, Gaudix Basin, southern Spain). Facies, 58. Pliocene Baumiller, T.K., M.A. Bitner and C.C. Emig (2006). High frequency of drill holes in brachiopods from the Pliocene of Algeria and its ecological implications. Lethaia, Vol.39. Bitner, M.A. and P. Moissette (2003). Pliocene brachiopods from north-western Africa. Geodiversitas, 25(3). Bitner, M.A. and J. Martinell (2001). Pliocene Brachiopods from the Estepona Area (Malaga, South Spain). Revista Espanola de Paleontologia, 16(2). Craig, R.S. (1999). The brachiopod fauna of the Plio-Pleistocene Ascot Formation, Perth Basin, Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum, 19. Craig, R.S. (1999). A new Pliocene terabratulid brachiopod from the Roe Calcarenite, Eucla Basin, of southern Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum, 19. Harper, D.A.T. and R.W. Portell (2003). Argyrotheca (Brachiopoda) from the Pliocene Bowden Shell Bed, parish of St. Thomas, Jamaica. Cainozoic Research, 2(1-2). Harper, E.M. (2005). Evidence of Predation Damage in Pliocene Apletosia maxima (Brachiopoda). Palaeontology, Vol.48, Part 1. Kroh, A., et al. (2008). Novocrania turbinata (Brachiopoda) from the Early Pliocene of the Azores. Acta Geologica Polonica, Vol.58, Number 4. Nohara, T. (1970). Paleontological Notes on Few Brachiopods from Pliocene Naha Limestone. Bulletin of Science & Engineering Division, University of Ryukus, 13. Ruggiero, E.T. (1999). Bioerosive processes affecting a population of brachiopods (Upper Pliocene, Apulia). Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark, Vol.45. Pleistocene Craig, R.S. (1999). The brachiopod fauna of the Plio-Pleistocene Ascot Formation, Perth Basin, Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum, 19. Curry, G.B. (1999). Original Shell Colouration in Late Pleistocene Terebratulid Brachiopods from New Zealand. Palaeontological Association. Donovan, S.K. and D.A.T. Harper (2007). Rare Borings in Pleistocene Brachiopods from Jamaica and Barbados. Caribbean Journal of Science, Vol.43, Number 1. Harper, D.A.T. and S.K. Donovan (2007). Fossil brachiopods from the Pleistocene of the Antilles. Scripta Geologica, 135. Ruggiero, E.T. and P. Raia (2010). Bioerosion structures and their distribution on shells of the Lower Pleistocene terebratulid brachiopod Gryphus minor. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 293. (Author's personal copy) Ruggiero, E.T. and G. Annunziata (2002). Bioerosion on a Terebratula scillae population from the Lower Pleistocene of Lecce area (Southern Italy). Acta Geologica Hispanica, Vol.37, Number 1.

Hey, this kind of stems from my last thread about South Jersey site recommendations. I did a little research and found that my hometown (like most of South Jersey) is built primarily on the Cohansey Formation, at least as far as "bedrock" is concerned. So my question is: What, if anything, have people found from the Cohansey? I ask so I can get an idea of what I may find if I start looking along the local stream beds.

Well it is with bittersweet feeling that I'm leaving Maryland this coming Monday for a new job in Utah. This morning at 4:45 am I hoped into my car and drove to the Cliffs one last time to say goodbye. The tides were exceptionally high and I didn't do as well as last time but still had a good trip and found some stuff. A group of kids on a science trip ran into me at Mataoke cabin beach. Their guide had them gather around me as I had a hand full of Chesapecten nefrens and they were all oooohing and ahhhhing. I accidentally dropped a large tiger tooth that I found a few yards away and quickly picked it up. Their guide exclaimed, "Wow I can't believe you just found that tiger tooth!" The kids (especially the boys) at this point could care less about the large shells and where fixated on the tooth. Then they started looking all around my legs for more teeth. I wasn't about to tell their guide that I had found it a ways back and ruin the thrill of the moment so Injust gave everyone a coy smile and said, "Just keep looking and you're bound to find some good teeth." The truth was that was the first tooth I ever found at Mataoke and I never go their for teeth just for shells. :-) Pictures coming soon! PS - Sorry for the pictures and poor lighting. My canon is packed away and so is my nice measuring board. :-( Here's the loot! I'm not positive if these are all Chesapecten nefrens. I'll have to ID them all later but for now I'll call them C. nefrens. Some of these are matching pairs. Pro-tip: If you can get to Bayfront Park by roughly 5:45 am then the Beach Patrol (teenagers with green shirts) shouldn't be there yet collecting money. This was beneficial as I didn't have to cough up $18. I just found out those over 50 can get in for $10. What gives?! Just because I'm a young man doesn't mean I should be punished for it! Very high tides today. Overcast with high tides. This is going to be fun... and wet... Ecphora popped right out of the matrix. I believe this is from the St. Mary's formation because this was found in some rubble that fell from the very top of the cliffs and I know for a fact that's the St. Mary's layer. Golfball sized Ecphora in the Matrix. Please be complete... And... it's missing the bottom stem... Other than that it looks good. I'll keep it. View of a large baseball sized Ecphora. This one isn't worth extracting as that would take hours with special tools and super glue. What a heart breaker. Someday I'll find one this size that won't be so brittle. Here are a bunch of Hammer and Bonnet Head shark teeth with a few Requiem. There's an Angel shark tooth up top. I find fewer of those than cow shark teeth! Some large ray plates. The one in the middle might be the largest plate I've ever found at Bayfront. A collection of newly acquired Ecphora gardnera and Turritella. I don't usually keep bones but this one has some neat dimensions to it. Small C. nefrens are usually not kept but these have beautiful color to them. Not a bad day for Makos. Three of my best Makos from the trip. Not my best trip but certainly not my worst either.

Last week i enjoyed my holidays in the Netherlands/Belgium and found also many fossils especially shark teeth. I was in Hoevenen near Antwerp and in many other found locations on the coast. I will post my finds in the next days but I in this case I am not sure with the determination and its probably rare? The shark tooth is around 2 cm long and I found it in the MIocene of Antwerp. In my eyes it looks like a broken Somniosus microcephalus or? Are those teeth rare in Antwerp? Thanks for helping me!

Hi guys I'm on holiday in Sardinia (Italy) , yesterday I went in a place called S'archittu , it was full of miocenic limestone I found a lot of sea urchin , bivalves and this one that I don't know what can be. It's splitted in many parts

Spent the day on 2 different beaches and was rewarded with a rare excellent summertime hunt. Paper towel is from on the Bay in the morning low tide and a close up of the good stuff the bigger meg is 2 3/4 teeth on the plate are from the river on the afternoon low tide before the storms chased me off the beach with a ground shot of the river meg oh how rare it is to find megs on the river!!!

Can you please help me ID these three items found at Calvert Cliffs? Any help is appreciated. Thanks.

Headed out yesterday to Westmoreland State Park for my 2nd ever collecting trip. Arrived about 30 minutes before high tide and found (for a beginner, anyway!) a pretty nice haul of teeth. The park itself was gorgeous and I'm already itching to head back out there. Favorite finds of the trip are definitely the nice sized Mako at bottom (I think it's a Mako anyway) as well as the croc tooth. That one definitely surprised me when I saw it in the sifter!! A few decent tigers as well. best, Bronco

Can anyone help me ID these three items found at Calvert Cliffs? Thinking the first may be horse tooth? Any help is appreciated. Thanks.

Can anyone one tell me if any of these are pieces of shark teeth or anything else of significance? They were found at Calvert Cliffs. Thanks.

As many of you know , the Peace River is currently unhuntable due to rains and river depth. In many locations it is 10 feet deep. I thought I was finished for the season but then my regular hunting buddy called to say he had found a "shallow" location. What could this be? Always believe your friends!! Not only was it a shallow spot , but underneath the typical 12-15 inches of normal Peace River black gravel was a layer of crushed limestone , clay, and brown gravel and shark teeth. Many had the white roots typical of bone Valley teeth. And then THIS Meg ?? Only a touch of enamel left. Has the entire Meg been replaced or is it hiding under a layer of limestone? Whatever. I had a bonus day Monday on the river in the sunshine! I am feeling GOOD this week.

Hi all! After my first ever collecting trip to Brownie's Beach, I'm chomping at the bit to go look for more fossils! As a Virginian, I'm incredibly lucky to have stumbled onto this hobby given the plethora of great sites in the MD/VA area. Now, I would LOVE to find a good spot on the Potomac, as Brownie's was a 2.5+ hour drive which makes it a bit long for a day trip. Having done some map recon and online browsing, it seems that Fairview beach and Colonial beach might make for promising spots. What are y'alls thoughts? Has anyone been to either of these sites? I haven't found anything online about fossils at Fairview but it's quite close to Colonial so I figured it might be worth a go! (not looking for specific tips, just a simple head nod that I'm headed in the right direction with either of these beaches) best, Bronco

The heavy pachyostosis in the spine, ribs and cranium bones is an adaption to the increasingly salted and thick waters during the Late Messinian. http://www.marcocavina.com/mineralogia_paleontologia/Borgo_Tossignano_paleontologia/00_pag.htm