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Help request! I am putting together a tool for judging rock age based on very crude, whole-rock, hand-sample observations of fossil faunas/floras -- the types of observations a child or beginner could successfully make. I view this as a complement to the very fine, species-level identifications commonly employed as index fossils for individual stages, biozones, etc. Attached is what I've got so far, but I can clearly use help with corals, mollusks, plants, vertebrates, ichnofossils, and the post-Paleozoic In the attached file, vibrant orange indicates times in earth history to commonly observe the item of interest; paler orange indicates times in earth history to less commonly observe the item of interest. White indicates very little to no practical probability of observing the item of interest. Please keep in mind that the listed indicators are things like “conspicuous horn corals,” purposefully declining to address rare encounters with groups of low preservation potential, low recognizability, etc. Got additions/amendments, especially for the groups mentioned above? Toss them in the comments below! Thank you..... https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1tVm_u6v573V4NACrdebb_1OsBEAz60dS1m4pCTckgyA

A new publication explores the transition between C. chubtensis and C. megalodon, loss of cusplets Please note the following statement about lineage by some very influential authors: "we do not feel that the transition from angustidens to chubutensis is as marked as suggested by Cappetta (2012), given that the lineage represents a chronospecies with very gradual morphological change through time. As such, we choose to maintain a single genus for all serrated forms, given that they are easily distinguished from Otodus obliquus, and use the genus Carcharocles for subsequent taxa (C. auriculatus through C. megalodon) because the description of Carcharocles by Jordan and Hannibal (1923) precedes that of Megaselachus by Glickman (1964)." Journal of Vert Paleontology https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02724634.2018.1546732 The transition between Carcharocles chubutensis and Carcharocles megalodon (Otodontidae, Chondrichthyes): lateral cusplet loss through time Victor J. Perez , Stephen J. Godfrey, Bretton W. Kent, Robert E. Weems & John R. Nance @siteseer

Hello, I am looking for help identifying a specimen collected during field work for my dissertation. The piece was collected from the Lower Oxford Clay (jason zone) in Peterborough, Cambs. I suspect that it is Ischyodus egertoni, but am not positive whatsoever! Any thoughts would be appreciated Cheers, Jacob.

Red Hill is a site I first went to 10 years ago with my son, Ian who was 10 at the time. It is a very deep road cut into the uppermost part of the Catskill Formation representing a late Fammenian river system that was draining the Acadian mountains to the east and emptying into the inland sea in western PA and OH. It is one of a handful of sites in the world where Devonian tetrapods have been found. The site has fossil layers in both channel margin (red layers) and flood plain (gray-green layers) facies. While it is an active research site and groups go there under the understanding that anything of scientific importance will be donated to the museum, there is a lot there that is redundant in the collections and we've been able to retain. In 2014, Ian found an exceptionally preserved moderately large osteolepiform, Hyneria (Tristichopteridae). Some of the material went into the re-description of Hyneria, much we have been allowed to take home. Since then the project has expanded to a search for more tetrapod material using the jackhammer and generator the museum purchased. This may require multiple posts. I'll start with the jaws recovered over 2014/15 seasons. This lens containing most of the head from apparently a single individual. Here Ian is working with Ted Daeschler and Doug Rowe (site manager) of the Academy Of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia. Here are some images of the jaw material after removal and after prep by Fred Mullison of the ANSP. Lower left jaw after removal. This is the lower right jaw (right) and the vomer and very impressive fang. Amazingly, in 2016, we went back. I was leading a trip for DVPS. Ian found this amazing but poorly prepped jaw (I did this one). Here are a pair of cleithrums, about 29 cm long. The attachments for the scapulocoracoid are clearly visible between 17 and 21 cm. Here is part of the parietal shield. More to follow.

Johnson/2003Mitt.Mus.NaturkBerl., Geowiss. Reihe 6 (2003) 125-160 Nature of the beast (pun intended): taxonomical (systematic) Monograph " Dentitions of Barbclabomia (new genus, Chondrichthyes: Xenacanthiformes) from the Upper Palaeozoic of North America Gary D. Johnson' With 14 figures and 3 tables recommended, particularly for those interested in xenacanthids, orthacanthids, etc About 5 Mb Abstract Barbclabornia luedersensis (Berman, 1970) is defined on the basis of small (2 111117 high) isolated teeth that lack an intermediate cusp. It is known from the Lower Permian and possibly the Upper Pennsylvanian of North America. The two principal cusps are slightly curved orally, nearly parallel, and bear cristae mainly on their distal halves. They are cylindrical but become compressed proximally. The long axis of each cusp base is >45" to the labial margin of the tooth base. The base bears a prominent apical button in contact with the cusps; a central foramen is absent. Fewer than ten foramina occur on the aboral surface of the base, which bears a prominent concave basal tubercle. The shape of the base ranges from somewhat triangular to quadrangular. The cusps are composed of orthodentine covered by hypermineralized pallial dentine; the base is composed of orthodentine but may also contain trabecular dentine. Except for the possible occurrence of symphysial teeth, the dentition is homodont. Barbclabornia cf. B. luedersensis is stratigraphically highest in the known range of the genus and is restricted to the nearly lowermost part of the Clear Fork Group (Artinskian) of Texas. The teeth are similar to B. lztedersensis, but are more robust and have a quadrangular-shaped base. Barbclabornia was large, based on an undescribed palatoquadrate some 45 cm long. It was probably freshwater and is most closely related to Triodus. Key words: Chondrichthyans, Xenacanthiformes, Early Permian, North America.

Giuseppe Marramà, Kerin M. Claeson, Giorgio Carnevale & Jürgen Kriwet(about 4 Mb) (2018) Revision of Eocene electric rays (Torpediniformes, Batomorphii) from the Bolca Konservat- Lagerstätte, Italy, reveals the first fossil embryo insitu in marine batoids and provides new insights into the origin of trophic novelties in coral reef fishes, Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 16:14, 1189-1219, DOI: 10.1080/14772019.2017.1371257 Sensitive people should beware of figs. 15 and 16 I resisted the temptation (lover of classic photography) to work Man Ray in there somewhere

awesom 11,3 Mb I just received a postcard from my retinae:"enjoying the Bahamas,won't be back anytime soon,you &*&(((()_+&@W" "And you may tell yourself :"This is not my beautiful fossil""

I can't identificate it. I found it at marine sandstone from Paleogene. Also, do somebody has a handbook about chondrichthyes of Cappetta 2012 in PDF?

EHRET_al-2012-Palaeontology.pdf

After this horrendous attempt at a triple pun,things can only deteriorate,right? The list of species in the tags i have kept to a bare bones minimum,for clarity's sake i MIGHT not have posted this,but it figures tooth rows. Shark cognoscendi prolly already have this one(and the others by Bass)I'm sure. SO,no need to post those others orrep38a.pdf

Over the last two years I have been able to collect a small but diverse group of shark and other chondrichthyan teeth from Pennsylvanian deposits in Illinois. Actually, all but one of the teeth are from one exposure of the La Salle Limestone of the Bond Formation- the other tooth was found in some roadside rip rap limestone in Central Illinois which seems to share many species with the La Salle, but unfortunately I have no way of determining the exact origin. Here is the first tooth, this is the one collected from rip rap in northern Champaign County. It is a cladodont type tooth, although unfortunately most of the main tooth and some of the cusps are missing. The tooth is 15 mm across at the widest point.

big the name says it all: it IS big

Just guessing this hasn't been posted yet.... Enjoy,well illustrated account shark

Taphonomy of a fascinating oddball........... Itano-piscselach2015-AbradedEdestus-final.pdf

This might help a bit in answering questions about shark vertebrae:springerselachpiscevertebraosteologymetricsUSNMP-116_3496_1964.pdf

These are a few of the pdf files (and a few Microsoft Word documents) that I've accumulated in my web browsing. MOST of these are hyperlinked to their source. If you want one that is not hyperlinked or if the link isn't working, e-mail me at joegallo1954@gmail.com and I'll be happy to send it to you. Please note that this list will be updated continuously as I find more available resources. All of these files are freely available on the Internet so there should be no copyright issues. Articles with author names in RED are new additions since March 22, 2018. Class Chondrichthyes - The Cartilaginous Fishes. Elasmobranchs by Time Period Ordovician Andreev, P.S., et al. (2015). Upper Ordovician Chondrichthyan-Like Scales from North America. Palaeontology, Vol.58, Part 4. Sansom, I.J., et al. (2012). Chondrichthyan-Like Scales from the Middle Ordovician of Australia. Palaeontology, Vol.55, Part 2. Silurian Min, Z. (1998). Early Silurian Sinacanths (Chondrichthyes) from China. Palaeontology, Vol.41, Part 1. Wang, N., et al. (1998). Early Silurian Chondrichthyan Microfossils from Bachu County, Xinjiang, China. Vertebrata PalAsiatica, 36(4). Devonian Devonian Elasmobranchs - Africa/Middle East Derycke, C. and D. Goujet (2011). Multicuspidate shark teeth associated with chondrichthyan and acanthodian scales from the Emsian (Devonian) of southern Algeria. Geodiversitas, 33(2). Hairapetian, V. and M. Ginter (2010). Pelagic chondrichthyan microremains from the Upper Devonian of the Kale Sardar section, eastern Iran. Acta Geologica Polonica, Vol.60, Number 3. Hairapetian, V. and M. Ginter (2009). Famennian chondrichthyan remains from the Chahriseh section, central Iran. Acta Geologica Polonica, Vol.59, Number 2. Hairapetian, V., M. Ginter and M. Yazdi (2008). Early Frasnian sharks from central Iran. Acta Geologica Polonica, Vol.58, Number 2. Devonian Elasmobranchs - Antarctica Hampe, O. and J.A. Long (1999). The histology of Middle Devonian chondrichthyan teeth from southern Victoria Land, Antarctica. Records of the Western Australian Museum, Supplement Number 57. Long, J.A. and G.C. Young (1995). Sharks from the Middle-Late Devonian Aztec Siltstone, southern Victoria Land, Antarctica. Records of the Western Australian Museum, 17. Young, G.C. (1982). Devonian Sharks from South-Eastern Australia and Antarctica. Palaeontology, Vol.25, Part 2. Devonian Elasmobranchs - Asia/Malaysia/Pacific Islands Ginter, M., V. Hairapetian and A. Grigoryan (2011). Chondrichthyan microfossils from the Famennian and Tournaisian of Armenia. Acta Geologica Polonica, Vol.61, Number 2. Devonian Elasmobranchs - Australia/New Zealand Long, J.A., et al. (2015). First Shark from the Late Devonian (Frasnian) Gogo Formation, Western Australia Sheds New Light on the Development of Tessellated Calcified Cartilage. PLoS ONE, 10(5). Roelofs, B., et al. (2016). Late Devonian and Early Carboniferous chondrichthyans from the Fairfield Group, Canning Basin, Western Australia. Palaeontologia Electronica, 19.1.4A. Young, G.C. (1982). Devonian Sharks from South-Eastern Australia and Antarctica. Palaeontology, Vol.25, Part 2. Devonian Elasmobranchs - Europe (including Greenland and Siberia) Ginter, M. (2002). Chondrichthyan fauna of the Frasnian-Famennian boundary beds in Poland. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 47(2). Ginter, M. and A. Ivanov (2000). Stratigraphic distribution of chondrichthyans in the Devonian on the East European Platform margin. Cour.Forsch.-Inst. Senckenberg, 223. Ginter, M., V. Hairapetian and A. Grigoryan (2011). Chondrichthyan microfossils from the Famennian and Tournaisian of Armenia. Acta Geologica Polonica, Vol.61, Number 2. Ginter, M., J.-C. Liao and J.I. Valenzuela-Rios (2008). New data on chondrichthyan microremains from the Givetian of the Renanue section in the Aragonian Pyrenees (Spain). Acta Geologica Polonica, Vol.58, Number 2. Ivanov, A.O. (1999). Late Devonian - Early Permian chondrichthyans of the Russian Arctic. Acta Geologica Polonica, Vol.49, Number 3. Ivanov, A.O. and D.P. Plax (2018). Chondrichthyans from the Devonian-Early Carboniferous of Belarus. Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences, 67,1. Marss, T., A. Kleesment, and M. Niit (2008). Karksilepis parva gen. et sp. nov. (Chondrichthyes) from the Burtnieki Regional Stage, Middle Devonian of Estonia. Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences, 57(4). Devonian Elasmobranchs - North America Hanke, G.E. and M.V.H. Wilson (2010). The putative stem-group chondrichthyans Kathemacanthus and Seretolepis from the Lower Devonian MOTH locality, Mackenzie Mountains, Canada. In: Morphology, Phylogeny and Paleobiogeography of Fossil Fishes. Elliott, D.K., et al. (eds.), Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, Munich, Germany. Miller, R.F., R. Cloutier and S. Turner (2003). The oldest articulated chondrichthyan from the Early Devonian period. Nature (Letters). Potvin-Leduc, D., et al. (2015). Givetian (Middle Devonian) sharks from Cairo, New York (USA): Evidence of early cosmopolitanism. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 60(1). General Devonian Elasmobranchs Botella, H., P.C.J. Donoghue and C. Martínez-Pérez (2009). Enameloid microstructure in the oldest known chondrichthyan teeth. Acta Zoologica (Stockholm), 90 (Suppl. 1). Ginter, M. (2008). Devonian filter-feeding sharks. Acta Geologica Polonica, Vol.58, Number 2. Ginter, M. (2000). Late Famennian pelagic shark assemblages. Acta Geologica Polonica, Vol.50, Number 3. Ginter, M. and A. Ivanov (1992). Devonian phoebodont shark teeth. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 37(1). Maisey, J.G. (2005). Braincase of the Upper Devonian Shark Cladodoides wildungensis (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii), With Observations on the Braincase in Early Chondrichthyans. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, Number 288. Carboniferous Carboniferous Elasmobranchs - Africa/Middle East Habibi, T. and M. Ginter (2011). Early Carboniferous chondrichthyans from the Mobarak Formation, Central Alborz Mountains, Iran. Acta Geologica Polonica, Vol.61, Number 1. Carboniferous Elasmobranchs - Asia/Malaysia/Pacific Islands Ginter, M. and Y. Sun (2007). Chondrichthyan remains from the Lower Carboniferous of Muhua, southern China.Acta Paleontologica Polonica, 52(4). Wang, N.-Z., F. Jin and W. Wang (2004). Early Carboniferous Fishes (Acanthodian, Actinopterygians and Chondrichthyes) from the East Sector of North Qilian Mountain, China. Vertebrata PalAsiatica, 42(2). Carboniferous Elasmobranchs - Australia/New Zealand Turner, S. (1990). Early Carboniferous Shark Remains from the Rockhampton District, Queensland. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 28(1). Carboniferous Elasmobranchs - Europe (including Greenland and Siberia) Duffin, C.J. and A. Ivanov (2008). New chondrichthyan teeth from the Early Carboniferous of Britain and Russia. Acta Geologica Polonica, Vol.58, Number 2. Duffin, C.J. and D.J. Ward (1983). Neoselachian Sharks' Teeth from the Lower Carboniferous of Britian and the Lower Permian of the U.S.A.. Palaeontology, Vol.26, Part 1. Duncan, M. (2003). Early Carboniferous chondrichthyan Thrinacodus from Ireland, and a reconstruction of jaw apparatus. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 48(1). Ginter, M., V. Hairapetian and A. Grigoryan (2011). Chondrichthyan microfossils from the Famennian and Tournaisian of Armenia. Acta Geologica Polonica, Vol.61, Number 2. Ginter, M., et al. (2015). Late Visean pelagic chondrichthyans from northern Europe. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 60(4). Ivanov, A.O. and D.P. Plax (2018). Chondrichthyans from the Devonian-Early Carboniferous of Belarus. Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences, 67,1. Smith, R., D.M. Martill and D.J. Duffin (2017). The shark-beds from the Eyam Limestone Formation (Lower Carboniferous, Visean) of Steeplehouse Quarry, Wicksworth, Derbyshire, UK. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 128. Carboniferous Elasmobranchs - North America Brusatte, S.L. (2007). Pennsylvanian (Late Carboniferous) chondrichthyans from the LaSalle Limestone Member (Bond Formation) of Illinois, USA. N.Jb.Geol.Palaont.Abh., 244. Cicimurri, D.J. and M.D. Fahrenbach (2002). Chondrichthyes from the Upper Part of the Minnelusa Formation (Middle Pennsylvanian: Desmoinesean), Meade County, South Dakota. Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Science, Vol.81. Elliott, D.K., et al. (2004). Chondrichthyans from the Pennsylvanian (Desmoinesian) Naco Formation of Central Arizona. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 24(2). Hamm, S.A. and D.J. Cicimurri (2005). Middle Pennsylvanian (Desmoinesian) Chondrichthyans from the Lake Neosho Shale Member of the Altamont Limestone in Montgomery County, Kansas. Paludicola, 5(2). Carboniferous Elasmobranchs - South America/Central America/Caribbean Duffin, C.J., M. Richter and P.A. Neis (1996). Shark remains from the Late Carboniferous of the Amazon Basin, Brazil. N.Jb.Geol.Palaont. Mh., Vol.4. General Carboniferous Elasmobranchs Chorn, J. and E.A. Reavis (1978). Part 2. Affinities of the Chondrichthyan Organ-Genera Listracanthus and Petrodus. In: Fossil Fish Studies, The University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, Paper 89. Permian Argyriou, T., et al. (2017). The oldest record of gnathostome fossils from Greece: Chondrichthyes from the Lopingian of Hydra Island. Palaeontologica Electronica, 20.1.8A. Daymond, S.M. (1999). Gondwanodus irwinensis gen. et sp.nov., a new elasmobranch from the Early Permian (Late Sakmarian) Fossil Cliff Member of the Holmwood Shale, Perth Basin, Western Australia. Records of the Western Australizn Museum, 19. Fischer, J., et al. (2014). Stable and radiogenic isotope analyses on shark teeth from the Early to the Middle Permian (Sakmarian - Roadian) of the southwestern USA. Historical Biology, Vol.26, Number 6. Ivanov, A.O. (2005). Early Permian Chondrichthyans of the Middle and South Urals. Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia, 8(2). Ivanov, A.O. and O.A. Lebedev (2014). Permian Chondrichthyans of the Kanin Peninsula, Russia. Paleontological Journal, Vol.48, Number 9. Koot, M.B. (2013). Effects on the Late Permian Mass Extinction on Chondrichthyan Palaeobiodiversity and Distribution Patterns. Ph.D. Thesis - Plymouth University. Leu, M.R. (1989). A Late Permian Freshwater Shark from Eastern Australia. Palaeontology, Vol.32, Part 2. Turner, S. (1990). Early Carboniferous Shark Remains from the Rockhampton District, Queensland. Mem.Qd.Mus., 28(1). Wang, N.-Z., et al. (2007). Chondrichthyan Microremains Under Permian-Triassic Boundary Both in Zhejiang and Jiangxi Provinces, China - Fifth Report on the Fish Sequence Study Near the Permian-Triassic Boundary in South China. Vertebrata PalAsiatica, 45(1). Yamagishi, H. and T. Fujimoto (2011). Chondrichthyan Remains from the Akasaka Limestone Formation (Middle Permian) of Gifu Prefecture, Central Japan. Bull. Kanagawa prefect.Mus. (Nat.Sci.), Number 40. Triassic Blazejowski, B. (2004). Shark teeth from the Lower Triassic of Spitsbergen and their histology. Polish Polar Research, Vol.25, Number 2. Brinkmann, W., et al. (2009). Palaeobiogeography and Stratigraphy of Advanced Gnathostomian Fishes (Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes) in the Early Triassic and from Selected Anisian Localities (Report 1863-2009). Zbl.Geol.Palaont. Teil II, Issue 5/6. Chen, L. and G. Cuny (2003). Discovery of the Middle-Late Triassic elasmobranch ichthyoliths from the Guanling area, Guizhou, SW China. Geological Bulletin of China, Vol.22, Number 4. Cione, A.L., et al. (2002). The first shark from the Triassic-Jurassic of South America. N.Jb.Geol.Palaont. Mh., 2002(1). Cuny, G., O. Rieppel and P.M. Sander (2001). The shark fauna from the Middle Triassic (Anisian) of North-Western Nevada. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 133. Cuny, G., et al. (1998). A new neoselachian shark from the Upper Triassic of Grozon (Jura, France). Geol.Mag., 135(5). Korneisel, D., et al. (2015). Latest Triassic marine sharks and bony fishes from a bone bed preserved in a burrow system, from Devon, UK. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 126. Manzanares, E., et al. (2018). Middle-Late Triassic chondrichthyan remains from the Betic Range (Spain). J.Iber.Geol. Mutter, R.J. and A.G. Neuman (2006). An enigmatic chondrichthyan with Paleozoic affinities from the Lower Triassic of western Canada. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 51(2). Mutter, R.J., K. De Blanger and A.G. Neuman (2007). Elasmobranchs from the Lower Triassic Sulphur Mountain Formation near Wapiti Lake (BC, Canada). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 149. Jurassic Cione, A.L., et al. (2002). The first shark from the Triassic-Jurassic of South America. N.Jb.Geol.Palaont. Mh., 2002(1). Duffin, C.J. (1983). Teeth of a New Neoselachian Shark from the British Lower Jurassic. Palaeontology, Vol.26, Part 4. Kriwet, J. (2003). Neoselachian remains (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii) from the Middle Jurassic of SW Germany and NW Poland. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 48(4). Kriwet, J. (1998). Late Jurassic Elasmobranch and Actinopterygian fishes from Portugal and Spain. Cuadneros de Geologia Iberica, Number 24. Kriwet, J. and S. Klug (2004). Late Jurassic selachians (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii) from southern Germany: Re-evaluation on taxonomy and diversity. Zitteliana. Leuzinger, L., et al. (2015). Stable isotope study of a new chondrichthyan fauna (Kimmeridgian, Porrentruy, Swiss Jura): an unusual freshwater-influenced isotopic composition for the hybodont shark Asteracanthus. Biogeosciences, 12. Rees, J. (2000). A new Pliensbachian (Early Jurassic) neoselachian shark fauna from southern Sweden. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 45(4). Rees, J. (1998). Early Jurassic selachians from the Hasle Formation on Bornholm, Denmark. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 43(3). Thies, D. and A. Leidner (2011). Sharks and guitarfishes (Elasmobranchii) from the Late Jurassic of Europe. Palaeodiversity, 4 (124MB download) (Thanks to piranha for finding this one!) Underwood, C.J. (2006). Diversification of the Neoselachii (Chondrichthyes) during the Jurassic and Cretaceous.Paleobiology, 32(2). Underwood, C.J. (2004). Environmental controls on the distribution of neoselachian sharks and rays within the British Bathonian (Middle Jurassic). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, Vol.203, Issues 1-2. Underwood, C.J. (2002). Sharks, Rays and a Chimaeroid from the Kimmeridgian (Late Jurassic) of Ringstead, Southern England. Palaeontology, Vol.45, Part 2. Underwood, C.J. and D.J. Ward (2004). Environmental distribution of Bathonian (Middle Jurassic) neoselachians in southern England. In: Mesozoic Fishes 3 - Systematics, Palaeoenvironments and Biodiversity, Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, Munchen. Underwood, C.J. and D.J. Ward (2004). Neoselachian Sharks and Rays from the British Bathonian (Middle Jurassic). Palaeontology, Vol.47, Part 3. Cretaceous Cretaceous Elasmobranchs - Africa/Middle East Cuny, G., J.E. Martin and R. Sarr (2012). A neoselachian fauna from the Late Cretaceous of Senegal. Cretaceous Research, 34. Cuny, G., et al. (2004). Fossil sharks from the Early Cretaceous of Tunisia. Revue de Paleobiologie, Geneve, Vol. 9. Duffin, C.J. and D. Sigogneau-Russell (1993). Fossil Shark Teeth from the Early Cretaceous of Anoual, Morocco. Belgian Geological Survey, Professional Paper 264. Gajić, A., J. Hanjalić and B. Davidov (2014). Frequency, Taxonomy and Morphology of Different Shark Taxa of Lower Paleocene and Upper Cretaceous from Morocco, North Africa. Pluralidade, Vol.2, Number 3. Cretaceous Elasmobranchs - Antarctica Kriwet, J. (2003). First record of an Early Cretaceous shark (Chondrichthyes, Neoselachii) from Antarctica. Antarctic Science, 15(4). Cretaceous Elasmobranchs - Asia/Malaysia/Pacific Islands Cappetta, H., et al. (2006). A New Elasmobranch Assemblage from the Lower Cretaceous of Thailand. Palaeontology, Vol.49, Part 3. Prasad, G.V.R. and H. Cappetta (1993). Late Cretaceous Selachians from India and the Age of the Deccan Traps. Palaeontology, Vol.36, Part 1. Radwański, A. and R. Marcinowski (1996). Elasmobranch teeth from the mid-Cretaceous sequence of the Mangyshlak Mountains, Western Kazakhstan. Acta Geologica Polonica, Vol.46, Numbers 1-2. Cretaceous Elasmobranchs - Australia/New Zealand Rust, S. (2014). Late Cretaceous shark vertebrae (Chondrichthyes) from Koutu Boulders, Hokianga, Northland, New Zealand. Geocene, 11. Cretaceous Elasmobranchs - Europe (including Greenland and Siberia) Adolfssen, J.S. and D.J. Ward (2004). Crossing the Boundary: An Elasmobranch Fauna from Stevns Klint, Denmark. Palaeontology, Vol.57, Part 3. Corral, J.-C., A. Barrateaga and H. Cappetta (2015). Upper Maastrichtian shallow marine environments and neoselachian assemblages in North Iberian palaeomargin (Castilian Ramp, Spain). Cretaceous Research, xxx. (Article in Press) Guinot, G. (2013). Late Cretaceous elasmobranch palaeoecology in NW Europe. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 388. Guinot, G., H. Cappetta and S. Adnet (2014). A rare elasmobranch assemblage from the Valanginian (Lower Cretaceous) of southern France. Cretaceous Research, 28. Guinot, G., et al. (2013). Sharks (Elasmobranchii: Euselachii) from the Late Cretaceous of France and the UK. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 11(6). Kriwet, J., E.V. Nunn and S. Klug (2009). Neoselachians (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii) from the Lower and lower Upper Cretaceous of north-eastern Spain. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 155. Kriwet, J., R. Soler-Gijon and N. Lopez-Martinez (2007). Neoselachians from the Upper Campanian and Lower Maastrichtian (Upper Cretaceous) of the Southern Pyrenees, Northern Spain. Palaeontology. Niedzwiedzki, R. and M. Kalina (2003). Late Cretaceous sharks in the Opole Silesia region (SW Poland). Geologia Sudetica, 35. Rees, J. (2005). Neoselachian Shark and Ray Teeth from the Valanginian, Lower Cretaceous, of Wawal, Central Poland. Palaeontology, Vol.48, Part 2. Soler-Gijon, R. and N. Lopez-Martinez (1998). Sharks and rays (Chondricthyes) from the Upper Cretaceous red beds of the south-central Pyrenees (Lleida, Spain): indices of an India-Eurasia connection. Thies, D. and A Muller (1993). A neoselachian fauna (Vertebrata, Pisces) from the Late Cretaceous (Campanian) of Hover, near Hannover (NW Germany). Palaont.Z., 67, 1/2. Trbusek, J. (1999). Upper Cretaceous Sharks and Rays from the Prokop Opencast Mine at Brezina Near Moravska Trebova. Geologica, 35. Underwood, C.J. (2004). Berremian and Aptian (Cretaceous) sharks and rays from Speeton, Yorkshire, north-east England. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 55. Underwood, C.J. and S. Mitchell. Albian and Cenomanian (Cretaceous) Selachian Faunas from North East England. Underwood, C.J. and J. Rees. Selachian Faunas from the Earliest Cretaceous Purbeck Group of Dorset, Southern England. Underwood, C.J., et al. (1999). Shark and Ray Teeth from the Hauterivian (Lower Cretaceous) of North-East England. Palaeontology, Vol.42, Part 2. Vullo, R. and D. Neraudeau (2008). 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Review of the Middle Eocene (Lutetian) selachian fauna of Jebal eth Thuleithuwat, east Jordan. N.Jb.Geol.Palaont. Abh., 237(3). Sambou, B.S., et al. (2017). The selachian fauna (sharks and rays) of the phosphate series of Ndendouri-Ouali Diala (Matam, Western Senegal): Dating and paleoenvironmental conditions. N.Jb.Geol.Palaont. Abh.,283/2. Underwood, C.J., et al. (2010). Shark and ray faunas in the Middle and Late Eocene of the Fayum Area, Egypt. Proceedings of the Geologist's Association, Article in Press. Wallett, L.A. (2006). Eocene Selachian Fauna from Nearshore Marine Deposits, Ampazony, Northwestern Madagascar. B.A. Paper, Mount Holyoke College. Zalat, A.A., et al. (2017). Taxonomy and morphological study on the vertebrate remains of Shark and rays fauna from the Middle and Late Eocene succession, Fayoum Depression, Egypt. Delta J.Sci., Vol.38. Zalmout, I.S.A., et al. (2012). Priabonian Sharks and Rays (Late Eocene, Neoselachii) from Minqar Tabaghbagh in the Western Qattara Depression, Egypt. Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan, Vol.32, Number 6. Eocene Elasmobranchs - Antarctica Kriwet, J. (2005). Additions to the Eocene Selachian Fauna of Antarctica With Comments on Antarctic Selachian Diversity. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 25(1). Kriwet, J., et al. (2016). Ultimate Eocene (Priabonian) Chondrichtyans (Holocephali, Elasmobranchii) of Antarctica. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, e1160911. Long, D.J. (1992). Paleoecology of Eocene Antarctic Sharks. In: The Antarctic Paleoenvironment: A Perspective on Global Change. Antarctic Research Series, Vol.56. Long, D.J. (1992). Sharks from the La Meseta Formation (Eocene), Seymour Island, Antarctic Peninsula. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 12(1). Welton, B.J. and W.J. Zinsmeister (1980). 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Rana, R.S., et al. (2006). Selachians from the Early Eocene Kapurdi Formation (Fuller's Earth), Barmer District, Rajasthan. Journal Geological Society of India, Vol.67. Eocene Elasmobranchs - Europe (including Greenland and Siberia) Adnet, S., H. Cappetta, and J. Reynders (2008). Contributions of Eocene sharks and rays from southern France to the history of deep-sea selachians. Acta Geologica Polonica, Vol.57, Number 2. Bor, T.J. (1985). Elasmobranch Teeth (Vertebrata, Pisces) from the Dongen Formation (Eocene) in the Netherlands. Meded.Werkgr.Tert.Kwart.Geol., 22(2). Carlsen, A.W. and G. Cuny (2014). A study of the sharks and rays from the Lillebaelt Clay (Early-Middle Eocene) of Denmark, and their palaeoecology. Bulletin of the Geological Society Denmark, Vol.62. Diedrich, C.G. (2012). Eocene (Lutetian) Shark-Rich Coastal Paleoenvironments of the Southern North Sea in Europe: Biodiversity of the Marine Furstenau Formation Including Early White and Megatooth Sharks. International Journal of Oceanography, Vol.2012, Article ID 565326. (10.5MB download) Diedrich, C.G. and H. Felker (2012). Middle Eocene Shark Coprolites from Shallow Marine and Deltaic Coasts of the Pre-North Sea Basin in Central Europe. In: Vertebrate Coprolites. Hunt, et al. (eds.), New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Bulletin 57. Iserbyt, A. and P.J. De Schutter (2012). Quantitative analysis of Elasmobranch assemblages from two successive Ypresnian (early Eocene) facies at Marke, western Belgium. Geologica Belgica, 15/3. Malyshkina, T.P., G. Gonzalez-Barba and A.F. Bannikov (2013). Records of Elasmobranchian Teeth in the Bartonian of the Northern Caucasus (Russia) and Crimea (Ukraine). Paleontological Journal, Vol.47, Number 1. Eocene Elasmobranchs - North America Case, G.R., T.D. Cook and M.V.H. Wilson (2015). A new elasmobranch assemblage from the early Eocene (Ypresian) Fishburne Formation of Berkeley County, South Carolina, USA. 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A new occurrence of sharks in the Menilite Formation (Lower Oligocene) from the Outer (Flysch) Carpathians of Poland. Acta Geologica Polonica, Vol.59, Number 2. Cicimurri, J.D. and J.L. Knight (2009). Late Oligocene sharks and rays from the Chandler Bridge Formation, Dorchester County, South Carolina, USA. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 54(4). Szabo, M. and L. Kocsis (2016). A preliminary report on the Early Oligocene (Rupelian, Kiscellian) selachians from the Kiscell Formation (Buda Mts., Hungary), with the rediscovery of Wilhelm Weiler's shark teeth. Fragmenta Palaeontologica Hungarica, Vol.33. Van Vliet, H., et al. (2017). A new Oligocene site with terrestrial mammals and a selachian fauna from Minqar Tibaghbagh, the Western Desert of Egypt. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 62(3). Miocene Miocene Elasmobranchs - Africa/Middle East Andrianavalona, T.H., et al. (2015). Miocene Shark and Batoid Fauna from Nosy Makamby (Mahajanga Basin, Northwestern Madagascar). PLoS ONE, 10(6). Govender, R. (2015). Shark-Cetacean trophic interaction, Duinefontein, Koeberg (5 Ma), South Africa. S.Afr.J.Sci., 111(11-12). Miocene Elasmobranchs - Asia/Malaysia/Pacific Islands Bhalla, S.N. and P. Dev (1972). A Preliminary Note on Miocene Elasmobranchs from Orissa. Geological Society of India. Mondal, S., et al. (2009). Miocene Shark Teeth Assemblages and Ancillary Fish Taxa from Baripada, Orissa: Taxonomic Revision and a Global Palaeobiogeographic Overview. Journal of the Palaeontological Society of India, 54(2). Ralte, V.Z., et al. (2011). Selachian Fishes from Bhuban Formation, Surma Group, Aizawl, Mizoram. Journal of the Geological Society of India, 77(4). Tewari, B.S. (1959). On a Few Fossil Shark Teeth from the Miocene Beds of Kutch, Western India. Proc.Nat.Inst.Sci.India, Vol.25 B. Yabe, H. and R. Hirayama (1998). Selachian Fauna from the Upper Miocene Senhata Formation, Boso Peninsula, Central Japan. Nat.Hist.Res., Special Issue Number 5. Miocene Elasmobranchs - Europe (including Greenland and Siberia) Cappetta, H. (1970). Selachians of the Miocene of the Montpellier Region. Palaeovertebrata, 1970. (Plates not included) Holec, P, M. Hornacek and M. Sykora (1995). Lower Miocene Shark (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii) and Whale Faunas (Mammalia, Cetacea) near Mucin, Southern Slovakia. Geologicke prace. Spravy 100. Kocsis, L. (2007). Central Paratethyan shark fauna (Ipolytarnoc, Hungary). Geologica Carpathica, 58(1). Martinez-Perez, C., et al. (2017). A Serravallian (Middle Miocene) shark fauna from Southeastern Spain and its palaeoenvironment significance. Historical Biology. Pollerspock, J. and N. Straube (2017). A new deep-sea elasmobranch fauna from the Central Paratethys (Neuhofener Beds, Mitterdorf, near Passau, Germany, Early Miocene, Middle Burdigalian). Zitteliana, 90. Radwanski, A. (1965). A Contribution to the Knowledge of Miocene Elasmobranchii from Pinczow (Poland). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, Vol.X, Number 2. Szabo, M. and L. Kocsis (2016). A new Middle Miocene selachian assemblage (Chondrichtyes, Elasmobranchii) from the Central Tethys (Nyirad, Hungary): implications for temporal turnover and biogeography. Geologica Carpathica, 67, 6. Underwood, C.J. and J. Schlogel (2013). Deep-water chondrichthyans from the Early Miocene of the Vienna Basin, (Central Paratethys, Slovakia). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 58(3). Vialle, N., S. Adnet and H. Cappetta (2011). A new shark and ray fauna from the Middle Miocene of Mazan, Vaucluse (southern France) and its importance in interpreting the paleoenvironment of marine deposits in the southern Rhodanian Basin. Swiss J.Paleontol., 130. Ward, D.J. and C.G. Bonavia (2001). Additions to, and a Review of, the Miocene Shark and Ray Fauna of Malta. The Central Mediterranean Naturalist, 3(3). Miocene Elasmobranchs - North America Jordan, D.S. (1926). New Sharks from the Temblor Group in Kern County, California Collected by Charles Morrice. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, Fourth Series, Vol.XV, Number 8. Miocene Elasmobranchs - South America/Central America/Caribbean Aguilera, O., et al. (2017). Neogene sharks and rays from the Brazilian 'Blue Amazon'. PLoS ONE, 12(8). Carrillo-Briceño, J.D., et al. (2016). A New Early Miocene (Aquitanian) Elasmobranchii Assemblage from the La Guajira Peninsula, Colombia. Ameghiniana, 53(2). Carrillo-Briceño, J.D., et al. (2016). An Early Neogene Elasmobranch fauna from the southern Caribbean (Venezuela). Palaeontologia Electronica, 19.2.27A. Carrillo-Briceño, J.D., et al. (2015). A new Late Miocene chondrichthyan assemblage from the Chagres Formation, Panama. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 60. Carrillo-Briceño, J.D., et al. (2015). Sawfishes and Other Elasmobranch Assemblages from the Mio-Pliocene of the South Caribbean (Urumaco Sequence, Northwestern Venezuela). PLoS ONE, 10(10). Costa, S.A.R.F., et al. (2009). Shark teeth from the Pirabas Formation (Lower Miocene), northeastern Amazonia, Brazil. Bol.Mus.Para.Emilio Goeldi, Cienc.Nat. Belém, Vol.4, Number 3. dos Reis, M.A.F. (2005). Chondrichthyan Fauna from the Pirabas Formation, Miocene of North Brazil, with Comments Con Paleobiogeography. Anuario de Instituto de Geosciencias-UFRJ, 28(2). Landini, W., et al. (2017). The late Miocene elasmobranch assemblage from Cerro Colorado (Pisco Formation, Peru). Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 73. Otero, R., et al. (2015). First record of cartilaginous fishes (Chondrichthyes) from the early Miocene of Chilean Patagonia. XIV Congreso Geologico Chileno. Perez, V.J., et al. (2017). Late Miocene chondrichthyans from Lago Bayano, Panama: Functional diversity, environment and biogeography. Journal of Paleontology. Pimiento, C., et al. (2013). 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Davidov (2014). Frequency, Taxonomy and Morphology of Different Shark Taxa of Lower Paleogene and Upper Cretaceous from Morocco, North Africa. General Elasmobranchs - Asia/Malaysia/Pacific Islands Cuny, G., et al. (2007). The Mesozoic Fossil Record of Sharks in Thailand. GEOTHAI'07 International Conference of Geology of Thailand: Towards Sustainable Development and Sufficiency Economy. General Elasmobranchs - Australa/New Zealand Pledge, N.S. (1992). Fossil shark teeth dredged from the Great Australian Bight. BMR Journal of Australian Geology and Geophysics, 13. Pledge, N.S. (1967). Fossil Elasmobranch Teeth of South Australia and Their Stratigraphic Distribution. Transactions of the Royal Society of of South Australia, 91. Pledge, N.S., et al. (2015). Fossil shark teeth from upland Fleurieu Peninsula, South Australia: evidence for previously unknown Tertiary marine sediments. MESA Journal 76, Issue 1. General Elasmobranchs - Europe (including Greenland and Siberia) Avila, S.P., R. Ramalho and R. Vullo (2012). Systematics, palaeoecology, and palaeobiogeography of the Neogene fossil sharks from the Azores (Northeast Atlantic). Annales de Paleontologie, xxx. (Article in press) Cuny, G. and M.J. Benton (1999). Early Radiation of the Neoselachian Sharks in Western Europe. Geobios, 32(2). Cusumano, A. and C. Di Patti (2006). Sicilian Cenozoic sharks from the collections the G.G. Gemmellaro Museum. Quaderni del Museo Geologico Gemmellaro, Vol.9. Kocsis, L. (2007). Central Paratethyan shark fauna (Ipolytarnoc, Hungary). Geologica Carpathia, 58(1). Underwood, C.J. (2003). Environmental controls on the distribution of neoselachian sharks and rays within the British Bathonian (Middle Jurassic). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, Vol.203, Issues 1-2. General Elasmobranchs - North America Gibbes, R.W. (1848). Monograph of the Fossil Squalidae of the United States. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia. Lauginiger, E.M. and E.F. Hartstein (1983). A Guide to Fossil Sharks, Skates and Rays from the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal Area, Delaware. Delaware Geological Society, Open File Report Number 21. Leriche, M. (1908). Observations on the Neogene Sharks of California. Annales da la Societe Geologique du Nord, 37. (Plates not included) Lowery, D., S.J. Godfrey and R. Eshelman (2011). Integrated Geology, Paleontology, and Archaeology: Native American Use of Fossil Shark Teeth in the Chesapeake Bay Region. Archaeology of Eastern North America, 39. Mollen, F.H. and J.W.M. Jagt (2012). The taxonomic value of rostral nodes of extinct sharks, with comments on previous records of the genus Lamna (Lamniformes, Lamnidae) from the Pliocene of Lee Creek Mine, North Carolina (USA). Acta Geologica Polonica, Vol.62, Number 1. Tessman, N. (1966). Cenozoic Sharks of Florida. The Plaster Jacket, Number 1. (Thanks to Nimravus for pointing me to this one!) Welton, B.J. (1972). Fossil Sharks in Oregon. 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A comparative study of the ocular skeleton of fossil and modern chondrichthyans. Journal of Anatomy, 214. Purdy, R.W. (2006). A Key to the Common Genera of Neogene Shark Teeth. Rothschild, B.M., et al. (2005). Sharks eating mosasaurs, dead or alive? Netherlands Journal of Geosciences, 84(3). Schaeffer, B. and M. Williams (1977). Relationships of Fossil and Living Elasmobranchs. Amer.Zool., 17. Shirai, S. (1996). Chapter 2. Phylogenetic Interrelationships of Neoselachians (Chondrichthyes: Euselachii). In: Interrelationships of Fishes, Academic Press, Inc. Treude, T., et al. (2011). Elasmobranch egg capsules associated with modern and ancient cold seeps: a nursery for marine deep-water predators. Marine Ecology Progress Series, Vol.437. Underwood, C., D. Ward and G. Guinot (2015). Development of understanding of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic chondrichthyan fossil record. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 430. White, E.G. (1936). Some Transitional Elasmobranchs Connecting the Catuloidea with the Carcharinoidea. American Museum Novitates, Number 879. White, E.G. (1936). A Classification and Phylogeny of Elasmobranch Fishes. American Museum Novitates, Number 837. Whitenack, L.B., D.C. Simkins and P.J. Motta (2011). Biology Meets Engineering: The Structural Mechanics of Fossil and Extant Shark Teeth. Journal of Morphology, 272. Winchell, C.J., A.P. Martin and J. Mallatt (2004). Phylogeny of elasmobranchs based on LSU and SSU ribosomal RNA genes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 31.