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  1. Lone Hunter

    Hunt for the oldest DNA

    https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/. If you missed this show tonight it's worth watching. Extracting and sequencing DNA from dirt in Greenland that goes back 2.5 million years is the highlight and the results are incredible.
  2. Octopus DNA seems to confirm scientists’ theory about a longstanding geological mystery By Katie Hunt, CNN, December 21, 2023 The paper is: Lau, S.C., Wilson, N.G., Golledge, N.R., Naish, T.R., Watts, P.C., Silva, C.N., Cooke, I.R., Allcock, A.L., Mark, F.C., Linse, K. and Strugnell, J.M., 2023. Genomic evidence for West Antarctic Ice Sheet collapse during the Last Interglacial Period. Science, Vol 382, Issue 6677, pp. 1384-1389 PDF file at Genomic evidence for West Antarctic Ice Sheet collapse during the Last Interglacial, bioRxiv bioRxiv, pp.2023-01. Yours, Paul H.
  3. https://www.nbcdfw.com/news/local/woolly-mammoth-de-extinction-project-underway-in-dallas/3387516/
  4. I recently published a paper describing how biological cells and soft tissues preserve in ancient vertebrate fossils, combining the two major hypotheses by Dr. Mary Schweitzer and Dr. Jasmina Wiemann. Apparently, a biology professor at the University of Akron made a video on it, and it explains the paper rather nicely for the layman. His comments on it start at the 14:50 mark, before that he deals with some inaccurate claims made about soft tissue preservation by others: https://youtu.be/ViCJtaePtzY
  5. Brad Jensen

    What about fossil DNA?

    I am new to the forum and I am presenting ideas that I have been thinking about in relation to dinosaurs and dinosaur fossils. One idea that intrigues me is the idea of fossil DNA. I don't mean physical nucleotides that might be found in or around dinosaur fossils. I mean ancient DNA or RNA sequences that might be preserved in the "non-coding" DNA of the dinosaur descendants, birds. DNA and RNA are basically scripting languages for building and activating proteins. When we think of evolution, we mostly think in terms of the evolution of organisms. But there is a meta-evolution of DNA and RNA themselves. Among the other things I do, I write encryption and decryption programs. These are ways to hide and reveal meaningful sequences of information, for later use. It would make sense to me that mutations, particularly successful ones, should be preserved in the DNA record. Obviously they are, in evolutionary successful organisms. But what about when a new mutation appears and replaces an existing gene or set of genes Why not transmute the no-longer-used coding genes and epigenes and store them, within a set of markers, in the noncoding section of the DNA. Perhaps under certain environmental stresses, such as scarce food or overabundant food, the organism responds with mutation activation process that both create random new DNA sequences, as well as reactivating previously successful ones to try them out in the current environment. Perhaps inside every ostrich, the fossil genes for one or many species of dinosaur lie waiting to be revealed. While this might seem like a hint at intelligent design, languages can capture random changes and make them part of the structure over time. A good example of this is the aging of most animals. The process of the individual organism developing senescence was incorporated into our gene line many millions of years ago. The environmental advantage for it is that it allows younger organisms to compete successfully with older organisms, which allows more rapid evolution. From the point of view of the individual organism, aging is an always deadly genetic disease. Without this programmed process, we might live extremely long lives. Molecules do not get tired, and chemicals do not run out of steam. In this view, every organism is a GMO. The process of evolution is enhanced and accelerated by as yet unknown genetically-driven designs. Evolution is not a completely random process. If this encoding exists it should show up with some investigation. I am sure the first billion years were the hardest. -Brad Jensen
  6. Two ancient wolf populations which evolved into man’s best friend. DNA study closes in on solving the mystery of where and when dogs were domesticated. Imma Perfetto, Cosmos. The open access paper is: Bergström, A., Stanton, D.W., Taron, U.H., Frantz, L., Sinding, M.H.S., Ersmark, E., Pfrengle, S., Cassatt-Johnstone, M., Lebrasseur, O., Girdland-Flink, L. and Fernandes, D.M., 2022. Grey wolf genomic history reveals a dual ancestry of dogs. Nature, 607(7918), pp.313-320. Another article is: Shrinking bodies and shrinking brains The transition from ancient wolves to small dogs was a simple one, but domestication may have whittled away cats’ brains. Jamie Preist, Cosmos, January 22, 2022 Yours, Paul H.
  7. Mammoths and other large animals survived in the north much longer than previously believed. New DNA research indicates that the climate, not humans, led to the demise of these large creatures, Norway Science, January, 2022 The open access paper is: Wang, Y., Pedersen, M.W., Alsos, I.G., De Sanctis, B., Racimo, F., Prohaska, A., Coissac, E., Owens, H.L., Merkel, M.K.F., Fernandez-Guerra, A. and Rouillard, A.,2021. Late Quaternary dynamics of Arctic biota from ancient environmental genomics. Nature, 600(7887), pp.86-92. It concludes that mammoths survived in continental northeast Siberia until 7,300 BP; North America until 8,600 BP; and the Taimyr Peninsula as late as 3,900 BP. Yours, Paul H.
  8. Molecular analysis reveals the oldest Denisovan fossils yet by Max Planck Society, PhyOrg, November 30, 2021 The paper is: Brown, S., Massilani, D., Kozlikin, M.B., Shunkov, M.V., Derevianko, A.P., Stoessel, A., Jope-Street, B., Meyer, M., Kelso, J., Pääbo, S. and Higham, T., 2021. The earliest Denisovans and their cultural adaptation. Nature Ecology & Evolution, pp.1-8. Yours, Paul H.
  9. Portion of Bear petrous bone yields DNA older than 300,000 years. Sheds new light on bear relationships. http://www.sci-news.com/paleontology/ursus-kudarensis-genome-09392.html
  10. Scientists analyse ‘world’s oldest DNA’ recovered from mammoth remains up to 1.2 million years old By April Roach, Evening Standard, February 17, 2021 First million-year-old DNA extracted from Siberian mammoth teeth By Michael Marshall, New Scientist, February 2021 The paper is: van der Valk, T., Pečnerová, P., Díez-del-Molino, D. et al. Million-year-old DNA sheds light on the genomic history of mammoths. Nature (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03224-9 Yours, Paul H.
  11. The Massive Genome of The Lungfish May Explain How We Made The Leap to Land The open access paper is; Meyer, A., Schloissnig, S., Franchini, P. et al. Giant lungfish genome elucidates the conquest of land by vertebrates. Nature (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03198-8 Yours, Paul H.
  12. butchndad

    Dire Wolf

    DNA Reveals the Real Lives of ‘Game of Thrones’ Dire Wolves https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/13/science/dire-wolf-genome.html?surface=home-discovery-vi-prg&fellback=false&req_id=808114446&algo=identity&variant=no-exp&imp_id=72616698&action=click&module=Science Technology&pgtype=Homepage
  13. Babies buried under a mammoth-bone lid are the oldest known identical twins, Nature, November 11, 2020 https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-03184-6 Krems-Wachtberg–A Gravettian Settlement Site https://www.orea.oeaw.ac.at/en/research/quartaerarchaeologie/krems-wachtberg/ The Krems-Wachtberg Pavlovian site https://www.donsmaps.com/mammothsite.html Papers are: Teschler-Nicola, M., Fernandes, D., Händel, M., Einwögerer, T., Simon, U., Neugebauer-Maresch, C., Tangl, S., Heimel, P., Dobsak, T., Retzmann, A. and Prohaska, T., 2020. Ancient DNA reveals monozygotic newborn twins from the Upper Palaeolithic. Communications Biology, 3(1), pp.1-11. https://www.nature.com/articles/s42003-020-01372-8 (open access) https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273059083_The_Gravettian_Infant_Burials_from_Krems-Wachtberg_Austria Händel, M., Einwögerer, T. and Simon, U., 2008. Krems- Wachtberg–a gravettian settlement site in the Middle Danube region. Wissenschaftliche Mitteilungen aus dem Niederösterreichischen Landesmuseum, 19, pp.91-108. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228503741_Krems-Wachtberg-A_Gravettian_Settlement_Site_in_the_Middle_Danube_Region Yours, Paul H.
  14. Dogs were domesticated once from a lost population of wolves Our history with dogs is complicated, according to a study of ancient dog DNA.Kiona N. Smith, Ares technica, Oct. 29, 2020 Anders Bergström1, Laurent Frantz, Ryan Schmidt, and others 2020, Origins and genetic legacy of prehistoric dogs Science 30 Oct 2020: Vol. 370, Issue 6516, pp. 557-564 Yours,, Paul H.
  15. 14,000 year old puppy (could be wolf or dog) found frozen had a chunk of woolly Rhino meat in its stomach as determined by DNA. https://www.cnn.com/2020/08/17/europe/woolly-rhino-puppy-intl-scli-scn/index.html
  16. Ancient DNA from Doggerland and the Storegga Tsunami Breakthrough in studying ancient DNA from Doggerland that separates the UK from Europe, University of Warwick, July 16, 2020 Link to article Scientists have studied sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) from sediment deposits in the southern North Sea, an area which has not previously been linked to a tsunami that occurred 8150 years ago. The paper is: Gaffney, V., Fitch, S., Bates, M., and others, 2020. Multi-Proxy Characterisation of the Storegga Tsunami and Its Impact on the Early Holocene Landscapes of the Southern North Sea. Geosciences, 2020; 10 (7): 270 Link to Gaffney et al. (2020) open access paper Related paper is: Gearey, B.R., Hopla, E.J., Boomer, I., Smith, D., Marshall, P., Fitch, S., Griffiths, S. and Tappin, D.R., 2017. Multi-proxy palaeoecological approaches to submerged landscapes: a case study from ‘Doggerland’, in the southern North Sea. The archaeological and forensic applications of microfossils: a deeper understanding of human history. The Micropalaeontological Society Special Publications. Geological Society, London, pp.35-53. Researchgate link to Gearey et al. (2017) Link to other papers by Peter Marshall A similar paper about New Zealand tsunamis is: Goff, J., Pearce, S., Nichol, S.L., Chagué-Goff, C., Horrocks, M. and Strotz, L., 2010. Multi-proxy records of regionally- sourced tsunamis, New Zealand. Geomorphology, 118(3-4), pp.369-382. Link to Goff et al. (2017) about New Zealand tsunamis Yours, Paul H.
  17. Well, if we ever revive the mammoth we can add a little bird to its enclosure. 46 thousand year old horned lark DNA has been extracted from this fossil. https://m.phys.org/news/2020-02-frozen-bird-year-old-horned-lark.html
  18. 'Ghost' population of humans discovered in ancient Africa By Laura Geggel, Live Science, January 22, 2020 https://www.livescience.com/ancient-dna-sub-saharan-africa.html DNA from child burials reveals ‘profoundly different’ human landscape in ancient Africa By Ann Gibbons, science News, January 22, 2020 https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/01/dna-child-burials-reveals-profoundly-different-human-landscape-ancient-africa Lipson, M., Ribot, I., Mallick, S., Rohland, N., Olalde, I., Adamski, N., Broomandkhoshbacht, N., Lawson, A.M., López, S., Oppenheimer, J. and Stewardson, K., 2020. Ancient West African foragers in the context of African population history. Nature, pp.1-6. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-1929-1 Yours, Paul H.
  19. Tidgy's Dad

    Stone Age Woman

    From chewing gum.............. https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-50809586
  20. I guess this my 2nd #2 post today. https://m.phys.org/news/2019-08-prehistoric-puma-poo-reveals-oldest.html
  21. New area for Neanderthal genetics studies https://m.phys.org/news/2019-07-ancient-dna-neanderthal-fossils-gibraltar.html
  22. Bobby Rico

    Stonehenge DNA

    Good article. The British hunter-gatherers were almost completely replaced by the Neolithic farmers, apart from one group in western Scotland. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-47938188
  23. Yukon paleontologist’s fossils are pure gold: Grant Zazula will be giving the 19th annual Dr. John Rae Lecture in Hamilton, focusing on the amazing lode of fossils and ancient DNA in the Yukon, and its connection with the hunt for gold. by Jeff Mahoney, The Hamilton Spectator https://www.thespec.com/opinion-story/9117772-yukon-paleontologist-s-fossils-are-pure-gold/ Paul H.
  24. Perri, A., Widga, C., Lawler, D., Martin, T., Loebel, T., Farnsworth, K., Kohn, L. and Buenger, B., 2018. New Evidence of the Earliest Domestic Dogs in the Americas. bioRxiv, p.343574. https://www.biorxiv.org/content/early/2018/06/27/343574 https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2018/06/11/343574.full.pdf https://www.academia.edu/38045438/_American_Antiquity_2019_New_Evidence_of_the_Earliest_Dogs_in_the_Americas Leathlobhair, M.N., Perri, A.R., Irving-Pease, E.K., Witt, K.E., Linderholm, A., Haile, J., Lebrasseur, O., Ameen, C., Blick, J., Boyko, A.R. and Brace, S., 2018. The evolutionary history of dogs in the Americas. Science, 361(6397), pp.81-85. http://www.palaeobarn.com/sites/default/files/publications/NorthAmerica_CTVT_revised_3.pdf http://dro.dur.ac.uk/25675/2/25675S.pdf http://science.sciencemag.org/content/361/6397/81 A similar article about cats. Where Do Cats Come From? By Claudio Ottoni Friends of Asor. January 2019, vol. VII, no. 1. http://www.asor.org/anetoday/2019/01/Where-Do-Cats-Come-From An older Fossil forum post about dogs. A new evidence that humans have already cared for dogs 14,000 years ago By Kasia, February 20, 2018 in Fossil News http://www.thefossilforum.com/index.php?/topic/82140-a-new-evidence-that-humans-have-already-cared-for-dogs-14000-years-ago/&tab=comments#comment-870629 Yours, Paul H. "The past is never dead. It's not even past." William Faulkner, Act 1, Scene III, Requiem for a Nun (1951)
  25. The September, Volume 18, Number 4, of the issue of the SAA Archaeological Record has series of review papers about the use of DNA and genetics in studying prehistoric and historic mammals and their past interactions with human beings. The PDF file of this issue is at: http://www.saa.org/Portals/0/SAA/Publications/thesaaarchrec/SAA Record Sept 2018 WEB 9.13.18.pdf http://www.saa.org/AbouttheSociety/Publications/TheSAAArchaeologicalRecord/tabid/64/Default.aspx The papers are: Sea Change? New Directions in Marine Mammal Research by Camilla F. Speller Whale Hunting in the Strait of Gibraltar during the Roman Period? by Darío Bernal-Casasola Ecology, Archaeology, and Historical Accounts Demonstrate the Whaling Practices of the Quileute Tribe in Washington State by Frances C. Robertson and Andrew W. Trites Finding Moby: Identifying Whales in the Archaeological Record by S. Evans and J. Mulville http://orca.cf.ac.uk/115359/1/New Evans and Mulville 2018 SAA.pdf Ancient Pinnipeds: What Paleogenetics Can Tell Us about Past Human-Marine Mammal Interactions by Xénia Keighley, Maiken Hemme Bro-Jørgensen, Peter Jordan, and Morten Tange Olsen Cumulative Human Impacts on Pinnipeds Over the Last 7,500 Years in Southern South America by Jonathan W. Nye, Atilio Francisco J. Zangrando, María Paz Martinoli, Martín M. Vázquez, and Marilyn L. Fogel https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329424997_Cumulative_Human_Impacts_on_Pinnipeds_Over_the_Last_7500_Years_in_Southern_South_America Yours, Paul H.
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