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The Nastiest Feud in Science A Princeton geologist has endured decades of ridicule for arguing that the fifth extinction was caused not by an asteroid but by a series of colossal volcanic eruptions. But sheʼs reopened that debate. Bianca Bosker, The Atlantic, September 2018 https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2018/09/dinosaur-extinction-debate/565769/ Gerta Keller, Professor of Geosciences http://gkeller.princeton.edu/ Yours, Paul H.

The dinosaur-murdering asteroid maybe also triggered an underwater volcano meltdown. Why pick just one flavor of apocalypse? By Rachel Becker, The Verge, Feb 7, 2018 https://www.theverge.com/2018/2/7/16988112/asteroid-chicxulub-mass-extinction-dinosaurs-underwater-volcanoes-magma Seafloor data point to global volcanism after Chicxulub meteor strike, University of Oregon, February 7, 2018 https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-02/uoo-sdp020518.php https://around.uoregon.edu/content/one-two-punch-may-have-helped-deck-dinosaurs The paper is; Joseph S. Byrnes and Leif Karlstrom, 2018, Anomalous K-Pg–aged seafloor attributed to impact-induced mid-ocean ridge magmatism Science Advances 07 Feb 2018: Vol. 4, no. 2, eaao2994 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aao2994 http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/4/2/eaao2994 Yours, Paul H.

Asteroid impact plunged dinosaurs into catastrophic 'winter' By Jonathan Amos, BBC, October 31, 2017 http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-41825471 Dinosaur-killing asteroid impact cooled Earth's climate more than previously thought. PhysOrg, October 31, 2017 https://phys.org/news/2017-10-dinosaur-killing-asteroid-impact-cooled-earth.html The paper is: Artemieva, N., et al, 2017, Quantifying the Release of Climate-Active Gases by Large Meteorite Impacts With a Case Study of Chicxulub. Geophysical Research Letters (2017). DOI: 10.1002/2017GL074879 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2017GL074879/abstract A related paper is: Pierazzo, E. and Artemieva, N., 2012. Local and global environmental effects of impacts on Earth. Elements, 8(1), pp.55-60. http://users.unimi.it/paleomag/geo2/Pierazzo&Artemieva2012.pdf Yours, Paul H.

Update: Drilling of dinosaur-killing impact crater explains buried circular hills by Eric Hand, Science News, Nov. 17, 2016 http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/11/update-drilling-dinosaur-killing-impact-crater-explains-buried-circular-hills Wendel, J., 2016, Cores from crater tied to dinosaur demise validate impact theory, Eos, 97, doi:10.1029/2016EO063123. Published on 17 November 2016. https://eos.org/articles/cores-crater-tied-dinosaur-demise-validate-impact-theory the paper is: Morgan, J. V., S. P. S. Gulick, and many others, 2016, The formation of peak rings in large impact craters. vol. 354, no. 6314, pp. 878-882 DOI: 10.1126/science.aah6561 http://science.sciencemag.org/content/354/6314/878 Yours, Paul H.

Chicxulub 'dinosaur crater' investigation begins in earnest by Jonathan Amos, BBC News, October 11, 2016 http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-37625348 In addition, Moon impacts are more frequent and hazardous then have been previously estimated. Go see; The moon has hundreds more craters than we thought Daily News, October 12, 2016 https://www.newscientist.com/article/2108929-the-moon-has-hundreds-more-craters-than-we-thought/ How old is our Moon? Hundreds of previously unseen craters could finally unlock its true age: New estimates suggest 180 craters of at least ten metres in diameter form each year by Liat Clark, Wired, A facelift for the Moon every 81,000 years, October 12, 2016 http://phys.org/news/2016-10-facelift-moon-years.html http://phys.org/news/2016-10-reveals-lunar-surface-features-younger.html The paper is: Speyerer, E. J., R. Z. Povilaitis, M. S. Robinson, P. C. Thomas, And R. V. Wagner, 2016, Quantifying crater production and regolith overturn on the Moon with temporal imaging. Nature. Vol. 538, pp. 215–218 (13 October 2016) doi:10.1038/nature19829 http://nature.com/articles/doi:10.1038/nature19829 Yours, Paul H.

I am studying geology. I could not identify K-Pg boundary within this picture. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cretaceous%E2%80%93Paleogene_boundary#mediaviewer/File:KT_boundary_054.jpg In addition, I have visited Horseshoe canyon, but is it possible to find T-Pg boundary in this picture? https://29b39c5a-a-62cb3a1a-s-sites.googlegroups.com/site/fkazumichi/home/english-fujii-kazumichi/Horseshoe%20formation.jpg?attachauth=ANoY7co1OJjZTF5XzOgS3an-tzNpf0UaK7ewt3I9fXKkNzQ277O3zaurGJru6nMwOsuqOzUMe7m3Ztslf795NdZRKcCcVJ7jiUV18K9MQtOar3ucC19o1lCPiGIJL22LKL-wRm-A3qbm4RkCeIFXHaPb2EVn3ap0G3b1pHFSVXy90zLMqgt4tXhTiLK7MOz-qxds3Zt0CPGeZQXuwdHS2-CR1auCDyPsi6UW4iYlbkxQbKMLkXjFaORoU0LWEG2PiXGDuYcfGk9V3XlBVU7L2IoecWvRMEL1Tw%3D%3D&attredirects=0 Thank you for your kindness.