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  1. News flash and request for near-future feedback! After a 12-year(!) hiatus, the Paleontological Research Institution (PRI) is about to reboot American Paleontologist, the old avocational paleontology standby, as a community newsletter. To do what I can to support this effort, I've signed on as a columnist, with a column called "The PaleoCommunity Organizer." It centers the community aspect of our shared avocation and looks at all the ways in which acting as a community can inspire and save avocational paleontology and help it thrive in the 21st century. And, well, it wouldn't be much of a column about community if it were just me talking. A crucial aspect is hearing from y'all, whether that means calling me out on something I missed, or naming a powerful example of something I only just touched on, or reframing the conversation as you see it. The community always knows more than I do. So, community, bring your feedback here to The Fossil Forum, where we can build on each other's ideas and craft a better avocational paleontology world for all of us. Action item: Look out for a followup post here on March 31, 2024, when American Paleontologist's first newsletter drops. That's when I'll ask y'all to get the discussion rolling on my column's first entry: "How Fossil Community Got Lost—and How We Get It Back." Stay tuned.
  2. I found the fossil attached a while ago in Tyrol, Austria. More preciselly, in the valley of Brandenberg in which many beautiful fossils can be found (mainly gastropods and ammonits). I am having a hard time to identify the fossil below and I am also not so experienced. Could i be a crown of a crinoid? The size of the fossil is around 8cm. Unfortunately, the stone is very porous and it almost falls apart.
  3. Today I went to a pretty famous and professional fossil shop in the UK, which had a quite big collection of various fossils. To my supprise, they also had a number of dinosaur teeth, including species such as Carcharodontosaurus, some Tyrannosaurids such as Gorgosaurus and Daspletosaurus, as well as several teeth of Suchomimus and Spinosaurus. Especially the teeth of the latter were actually not as expansive. [prices removed as per forum rules - staff] Now, I have to admit that I am a bit sceptic. When I look on the wikipedia page of Spinosaurus, I read that only a handfull (namely 6) partially complete individuals have ever been found. Furthermore, they list a number of other known specismens, which "consist mainly of very fragmentary remains and scattered teeth". However, when I google, I see that spinosaurus teeth are not only available in this little shop I went today, but apparently can also be bought online, in hundreds of different places (amazon, ebay, etc). They are literally everywhere and very abundant. So how is this possible? Some possibilities: 1) Teeths are indeed very common and wikipedia just refers to fossils in which also parts of the bones have been found. 2) All these teeths one can buy are actually just "prints" (like gibbs prints or whatever) and it is simply assumed to be so clear that it is not mentioned in the shops/online markets. 3) Most of them are fake (although I don't believe this, since the shop in which I found some of them was quite well-known and professional).
  4. Hi guys, on a website I found this dinosaur footprint for sale. It was discovered in Germany. In your opinion is it real o fake? Thanks a lot!
  5. Hi guys, I bring you this new topic regarding this 8cm Spinosaurus sp. claw. Do you think it's real or fare? I rely on you who are certainly more prepared than me ahahahahah. Thank you very much!
  6. I bought this fragment along the road from Mahajanga to Antananarivo very close to the fossil beds where it was collected (or so I was told). I did not see it in situ. I believe we were near Berivotra. I'm curious to know which species of - presumably marine reptile - this is, and its approximate placement in the Mesozoic era. I've shared photos of this specimen with a Zurich-based expert in Triassic marine reptiles, but I've not yet heard back from him. Suggestions and questions are very welcome. Mike
  7. Greetings from Oberwil, Switzerland. I'm a new member on thefossilforum.com, but I've been collecting fossils from roadside stops and occasional dedicated outings for nearly 30 years. I'm a chemist by training - I fell in love with making new medicines, and have stuck with it. I find it mind-boggling to relate to the age of the fossils I'm holding...life is far more ancient, far more mysterious, far more marvellous than our imagination can comprehend. I've learned to respect life deeply...this planet is the only one where we know it exists, and has existed, for unimaginably long time. I'm in awe. I'll share some pictures from my collection in the coming days, in hopes of finding out more about where they fit into the grand scheme of life. My favorite fossils are Ordovician (Paleozoic), but I've come across some real stumpers from my trip to Madagascar a few years back; those fossils are almost certainly from the late Mesozoic. I'll be asking for advice on them soon. Ah...I'm now a Swiss citizen, but I was born to German (Swabian) parents who had emigrated to southeastern Tennessee in the early 1960's. Switzerland is home to me now. Best regards Mike
  8. Hello everyone, and I hope you've all had a good day. I started to put my display cabinet together today, and after an exhausting day of work, I'm only half done and I haven't even started on the bookshelf! Yay! Sarcasm aside, I've got some more fossils I would like identified, as I am creating labels for my displays. Just as before, I would prefer the most specific identification possible - species would be preferable, but I would rather a genus or clade name over an invalid species name. Location would be helpful too. Again, if any of you want them, I can take more photos tomorrow. Specimen 1: Actinopterygii This specimen I purchased at a museum, which simply labelled it as 'fish fossil'. While I do not know the location, I suspected it was from the Green River Formation in Wyoming, as many commercially available Actinopterygii fossils come from that site. At first, I thought the specimen was Knightia, as that fish seems to be one of the more common from the Green River Formation, and the only common one of the same size and rough shape. However, after recently observing a slab of Knightia at a museum, I began to doubt my initial identification, as the Knightia in the museum looked more bloated than my specimen. Is it a Knightia, or something else? Specimen 2: Ammonite I apologise for the rather shoddy attempt at editing out the supplier's logo. As you can see, I purchased this ammonite in a small plastic case at a museum, and cannot take a photograph of it from all angles. However, the back of the box (or at least what survives of it) says that the ammonite is Jurassic of age and comes from Madagascar (thinking about it, the supplier probably had to stick the ammonite to the case in order to get it through customs). Therefore, after comparing it to other ammonites from the same location, I believe it is most likely a Phylloceras specimen, as those ammonites lived in the correct place at the correct time, and had the same shaped, relatively smooth shell. Do you all agree with this conclusion? Specimen 3: Gastropod Another specimen I purchased from a museum with no knowledge of its original location or age. Unfortunately, I know very little about Gastropods, so I do not know how to identify it. Do any of you recognise at least what group it came from, or even tell its species, time period or location? Specimen 4: Ray tooth I received this tooth as a gift in a set of various teeth from Chondrichthyes. The gift set identified the ray tooth as Jurassic in age, however gave no further information on the specimen. To add to the confusion, all of the fossil ray teeth I have found available to purchase online come from Myliobatis, a genus which only evolved in the Cenozoic. While I am pretty sure it is Myliobatis and the gift set's information was simply inaccurate, I would like confirmation that this conclusion is accurate. Also, I do know that there is only half of a tooth; it broke a while ago and I no longer have the second half. Thank you for all of your help! Next up will be a couple of Triassic plant fossils, and following that will be some fossils I am concerned are fake. Hope you all have a good night!
  9. Addition to another (earlier) post. Found some interesting fossils from the late Cretaceous in Europe. In the south of the Netherlands (Limburg), Cretaceous sediments occur. At and around the ‘Schneeberg’ (border between Vaals and Germany), the Kalksteen van Vijlen (Vijlen chalk), Orsbach Kreide (Orsbach chalk) and Kunrader Kalksteen (Kunrader chalk) or Vetschauer Kalksteen are present. Fossils from these sediments consist of belemnites (Belemnitella junior (Nowak, 1913), Belemnella (Pachybelemnella) sumensis (Jeletzky, 1949) and/or Belemnella (Pachybelemnella) cimbrica (Birkelund, 1957), some intermediate forms are described as Belemnella ex gr. sumensis/cimbrica, sea urchins (Echinocorys sp. including Echinocorys gr. conoidea (Goldfuss, 1829) and Cardiaster granulosus (Goldfuss, 1829), oysters (Pycnodonte vesicularis (Lamarck, 1806), shark teeth (for example Carcharias sp., Cretalamna lata (Agassiz, 1843), Paleohypotodus bronni (Agassiz, 1843), Squalicorax pristodontus (Agassiz, 1843) and Pseudocorax affinis (Münster in Agassiz, 1843) and other fossils. Many fossils are from the Vijlen Chalk (early Early to early Late Maastrichtian). Fossils from the Vijlen 0-3 and Vijlen 4-6 (Vijlen chalk) are approximately between 70.6 and 69.3 million years old. The basis of interval 0 of the Vijlen Member could be dated at 70.6 Ma. Lithology and bioclast contents for intervals 5 (upper part) and 6 of the Vijlen Member at Mamelis (Mamelis 62D-78) have indicated an age of 69.7-69.3 Ma. According to recent research the base of the Vijlen Member is dated at 70.4 Ma and the fossils from Vaals and nearby places could be between 70.4 (the base of the Vijlen Member) and 69.7 or 69.5 million years old (Lixhe 1 Hz. and mid-Lixe 1). Including the latest part of the late Late Maastrichtian, Cretaceous fossils from Limburg and its capital Maastricht are between 70.4 and 66.02 million years old. Some Cretaceous fossils. Belemnites (Belemnitella junior or Belemnella (Pachybelemnella) sp.), oysters (Pycnodonte vesicularis), small shark teeth (including possibly Paleohypotodus bronni), sea urchins (Echinocorys sp.) and one small sea urchin (possibly Echinogalerus belgicus (Lambert, 1898) plus one brachiopod. Internet https://www.somniosus.be/Homepage_set.htm Literature Birkelund, T. (1957). Upper Cretaceous belemnites from Denmark. Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab, Biologiske Skrifter, 9, 1–69, Copenhagen. Christensen, W.K. (1995). Belemnitella from the Upper Campanian and Lower Maastrichtian chalks of Norfolk, England. Special Papers in Palaeontology, 51, 1-84. London. Felder, P.J. & Bless, M.J.M. (1994). The Vijlen Chalk (early Early to early Late Maastrichtian) in its type area around Vijlen and Mamelis (southern Limburg, The Netherlands). Annales de la Société géologique de Belgique 116: 61–85. Felder, W.M. & Bosch, P.W. (2000). Geologie van Nederland, deel 5. Krijt van Zuid-Limburg. NITG TNO, Delft/ Utrecht: 192 pp. Gallagher, W. 1997. When Dinosaurs Roamed New Jersey. Rutgers University Press. Jagt, J.W.M. (2005). Stratigraphic ranges of mosasaurs in Belgium and the Netherlands (Late Cretaceous) and cephalopod-based correlations with North America. Netherlands Journal of Geosciences. 84. 10.1017/S0016774600021065. Jagt, J.W.M. (2012). Belemnitellid coleoids (Mollusca, Cephalopoda) from the type Maastrichtian, the Netherlands and Belgium. Scripta Geologica. Special Issue, 08, 93–112. Jagt, J.W.M, & Jagt-Yazykova, E.A. (2012). Stratigraphy of the type Maastrichtian – a synthesis. Scripta Geologica. Special Issue, 08, 5–32. Keutgen, N., Jagt, J.W., Felder, P., & Jagt-Yazykova, E. (2010). Stratigraphy of the upper Vijlen Member (Gulpen Formation; Maastrichtian) in northeast Belgium, the southeast Netherlands and the Aachen area (Germany), with special reference to belemnitellid cephalopods. Geologie En Mijnbouw, 89, 109-136. Jeletzky, J.A. (1949). Über den taxonomischen Wert einiger morphologischer Elemente des Rostrums der belemnitellenartigen Formen (Familie Belemnitellidae Pavlow, 1913), sowie über die Gattung Belemnella (Nowak, 1913,subg.) Jeletzky, 1941, ihre Phylogenie und einige Vertreter.Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie, B9, 257–287. Keutgen, N. (2011). The belemnite zonation of the uppermost Cretaceous in the Maastricht-AachenLiège, Brabant-Méhaigne and Mons areas (Belgium, southeast Netherlands). In: Jagt, J.W.M., Jagt-Jagt. Belemnitellid coleoids from the type Maastrichtian. Scripta Geol., Spec. Issue 8 (2012). Keutgen, N. (2018). A bioclast-based astronomical timescale for the Maastrichtian in the type area (southeast Netherlands, northeast Belgium) and stratigraphic implications: The legacy of P.J. Felder. Netherlands Journal of Geosciences, 97(4), 229-260. doi:10.1017/njg.2018.15 Nestler, H. (2002). Die Fossilien der Rügener Schreibkreide (4. überarbeitete und erweiterte Auflage). Die Neue Brehm-Bücherei Bd. 486., Hohenwarsleben (Westarp Wissenschaften-Verlagsgesellschaft mbH). Schulz, M.G. (1979). Morphometrisch-variationsstatistische Untersuchungen zur Phylogenie der Belemniten-Gattung Belemnella im Untermaastricht NW-Europas. Geologisches Jahrbuch, A47, 3–157. Van der Ham, R. & van Birgelen, M. (1992). Zeeëgels uit het Maastrichtien van de Schneeberg en omgeving (Aken, Duitsland). Natuurhistorisch Maandblad, 81(8/9), 139–153. Vellekoop, J. & Kaskes, P. & Sinnesael, M. & Huygh, J. & Déhais, T. & Jagt, J. & Speijer, R. & Claeys, P. (2022). A new age model and chemostratigraphic framework for the Maastrichtian type area (southeastern Netherlands, northeastern Belgium). Newsletters on Stratigraphy. 55. 10.1127/nos/2022/0703.
  10. Hello everyone, it's been a while since I last posted on the forum In the last year my collection has reached 33 specimens, so I guess that "road to 35" is extremely close! Today I wanted to show you a specimen I acquired very recently, specifically last March! Species: Cretalamna maroccana (Arambourg, 1935) Size: 2.5 tall, ~3.0 cm long Age: 72-66 mya (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian) Origin: Ouled Abdoun basin (Morocco) About this fossil: a nicely preserverd shark tooth, with only a small hole on the front part of the tooth's root; I especially appreciate the two lateral cusplets, which are extremely nice to admire. Definitely one of my favorites!
  11. Andúril Flame of the West

    Insular Fossil Assemblages

    To preface this post, I want to note that I am not seeking a direct answer to the question that I am about to pose. I simply felt that some members of this forum may have insight on this topic and that it could generate an interesting and informative discussion. For a long while I have been fascinated by the diverse and unique insular faunas that have been uncovered in the fossil record. On a larger scale, unique faunas developed during the Cenozoic on the continents of Australia and South America, which were both isolated continents. Many smaller islands, such as New Zealand and Cyprus, are famous for having had unique examples of insular gigantism and dwarfism during the Pleistocene epoch. Although there are numerous examples from the latter portion of the Cenozoic, insular communities from the Mesozoic and Paleozoic are in far shorter supply. Of course, the discrepancy is likely due to the lower resolution we have as we travel farther back in time rather than a lack of island communities during these eras. Yet one cannot help but wonder what organisms could have evolved on islands during these very different periods of Earth's history. The late Cretaceous island communities of Madagascar and Hateg island have already offered some tantalizing clues as to what strange routes evolution can take in an insular environment. So, I suppose that this is a very roundabout way of asking if any additional island communities are known from the Mesozoic and Paleozoic and what evolutionary patterns members think may have been exhibited on islands during these time periods given the prevailing forms of life at the time. This thought first came to me when I considered the landmass of Pangea. There must have been islands during the latest Paleozoic and early Mesozoic that may have had the opportunity to develop unique faunas throughout the lifespan of the supercontinent. Although we will never have a full picture due to the imperfections of the fossil record, I hope that everyone finds this as interesting to ponder as I have .
  12. Hello fossil hunters! Found some interesting fossils from the late Cretaceous in Europe. In the south of the Netherlands (Limburg), Cretaceous sediments occur. At and around the ‘Schneeberg’ (border between Vaals and Germany), the Kalksteen van Vijlen (Vijlen chalk), Orsbach Kreide (Orsbach chalk) and Kunrader Kalksteen (Kunrader chalk) or Vetschauer Kalksteen are present. Fossils from these sediments consist of belemnites (Belemnitella junior (Nowak, 1913), Belemnella (Pachybelemnella) sumensis (Jeletzky, 1949) and/or Belemnella (Pachybelemnella) cimbrica (Birkelund, 1957), some intermediate forms are described as Belemnella ex gr. sumensis/cimbrica, sea urchins (Echinocorys sp. including Echinocorys gr. conoidea (Goldfuss, 1829) and Cardiaster granulosus (Goldfuss, 1829), oysters (Pycnodonte vesicularis (Lamarck, 1806), shark teeth (for example Carcharias sp., Cretalamna lata (Agassiz, 1843), Squalicorax pristodontus (Agassiz, 1843) and Pseudocorax affinis (Münster in Agassiz, 1843) and other fossils. Many fossils are from the Vijlen Chalk (early Early to early Late Maastrichtian). Fossils from the Vijlen 0-3 and Vijlen 4-6 (Vijlen chalk) are approximately between 70.6 and 69.3 million years old. The basis of interval 0 of the Vijlen Member could be dated at 70.6 Ma. Lithology and bioclast contents for intervals 5 (upper part) and 6 of the Vijlen Member at Mamelis (Mamelis 62D-78) have indicated an age of 69.7-69.3 Ma. According to recent research the base of the Vijlen Member is dated at 70.4 Ma and the fossils from Vaals and nearby places could be between 70.4 (the base of the Vijlen Member) and 69.7 or 69.5 million years old (Lixhe 1 Hz. and mid-Lixe 1). Including the latest part of the late Late Maastrichtian, Cretaceous fossils from Limburg and its capital Maastricht (where workers and fossil hunters found Mosasaurus hoffmannii (Mantell, 1829) are between 70.4 and 66.02 million years old. Above: photo with Cretaceous fossils from Limburg (Vaals). These fossils are the remains of animals that lived in the shallow sea that covered Europe between 70 and 66 million years ago. A comparable American site is Big Brook Park in Marlboro New Jersey where these kind of marine fossils are also found (belemnites, oysters, shark teeth and other Cretaceous material). The six belemnites are possibly Belemnitella sp. (Belemnitella junior (Nowak, 1913), the white oyster is Pycnodonte vesicularis (Lamarck, 1806) plus one fragment, the black object is a 'Steinkern' from the sea urchin Echinocorys sp. (possibly Echinocorys gr. conoidea (Goldfuss, 1829) and the seven teeth are shark teeth (mixed species, I think a few Carcharias sp. The bigger one I don't know. I do not think it is a Paleohypotodus bronni (Agassiz, 1843) because the crown is not really twisted. Internet https://www.somniosus.be/Homepage_set.htm Literature Birkelund, T. (1957). Upper Cretaceous belemnites from Denmark. Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab, Biologiske Skrifter, 9, 1–69, Copenhagen. Christensen, W.K. (1995). Belemnitella from the Upper Campanian and Lower Maastrichtian chalks of Norfolk, England. Special Papers in Palaeontology, 51, 1-84. London. Felder, P.J. & Bless, M.J.M. (1994). The Vijlen Chalk (early Early to early Late Maastrichtian) in its type area around Vijlen and Mamelis (southern Limburg, The Netherlands). Annales de la Société géologique de Belgique 116: 61–85. Felder, W.M. & Bosch, P.W. (2000). Geologie van Nederland, deel 5. Krijt van Zuid-Limburg. NITG TNO, Delft/ Utrecht: 192 pp. Gallagher, W. 1997. When Dinosaurs Roamed New Jersey. Rutgers University Press. Jagt, J.W.M. (2005). Stratigraphic ranges of mosasaurs in Belgium and the Netherlands (Late Cretaceous) and cephalopod-based correlations with North America. Netherlands Journal of Geosciences. 84. 10.1017/S0016774600021065. Jagt, J.W.M. (2012). Belemnitellid coleoids (Mollusca, Cephalopoda) from the type Maastrichtian, the Netherlands and Belgium. Scripta Geologica. Special Issue, 08, 93–112. Jagt, J.W.M, & Jagt-Yazykova, E.A. (2012). Stratigraphy of the type Maastrichtian – a synthesis. Scripta Geologica. Special Issue, 08, 5–32. Keutgen, N., Jagt, J.W., Felder, P., & Jagt-Yazykova, E. (2010). Stratigraphy of the upper Vijlen Member (Gulpen Formation; Maastrichtian) in northeast Belgium, the southeast Netherlands and the Aachen area (Germany), with special reference to belemnitellid cephalopods. Geologie En Mijnbouw, 89, 109-136. Jeletzky, J.A. (1949). Über den taxonomischen Wert einiger morphologischer Elemente des Rostrums der belemnitellenartigen Formen (Familie Belemnitellidae Pavlow, 1913), sowie über die Gattung Belemnella (Nowak, 1913,subg.) Jeletzky, 1941, ihre Phylogenie und einige Vertreter.Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie, B9, 257–287. Keutgen, N. (2011). The belemnite zonation of the uppermost Cretaceous in the Maastricht-AachenLiège, Brabant-Méhaigne and Mons areas (Belgium, southeast Netherlands). In: Jagt, J.W.M., Jagt-Jagt. Belemnitellid coleoids from the type Maastrichtian. Scripta Geol., Spec. Issue 8 (2012). Keutgen, N. (2018). A bioclast-based astronomical timescale for the Maastrichtian in the type area (southeast Netherlands, northeast Belgium) and stratigraphic implications: The legacy of P.J. Felder. Netherlands Journal of Geosciences, 97(4), 229-260. doi:10.1017/njg.2018.15 Nestler, H. (2002). Die Fossilien der Rügener Schreibkreide (4. überarbeitete und erweiterte Auflage). Die Neue Brehm-Bücherei Bd. 486., Hohenwarsleben (Westarp Wissenschaften-Verlagsgesellschaft mbH). Schulz, M.G. (1979). Morphometrisch-variationsstatistische Untersuchungen zur Phylogenie der Belemniten-Gattung Belemnella im Untermaastricht NW-Europas. Geologisches Jahrbuch, A47, 3–157. Van der Ham, R. & van Birgelen, M. (1992). Zeeëgels uit het Maastrichtien van de Schneeberg en omgeving (Aken, Duitsland). Natuurhistorisch Maandblad, 81(8/9), 139–153. Vellekoop, J. & Kaskes, P. & Sinnesael, M. & Huygh, J. & Déhais, T. & Jagt, J. & Speijer, R. & Claeys, P. (2022). A new age model and chemostratigraphic framework for the Maastrichtian type area (southeastern Netherlands, northeastern Belgium). Newsletters on Stratigraphy. 55. 10.1127/nos/2022/0703.
  13. Hello all, Found some fossils from the Cretaceous period in water. Around Vaals in the Netherlands, Maastrichtian sediments occur. The Kalksteen van Vijlen (Vijlen chalk), Orsbach Kreide (Orsbach chalk) and Kunrader Kalksteen (Kunrader chalk) or Vetschauer Kalksteen are present. Fossils from these sediments consist of belemnites (Belemnella (Pachybelemnella) sumensis (Jeletzky, 1949) and/or Belemnella (Pachybelemnella) cimbrica (Birkelund, 1957), some forms are described as Belemnella ex gr. sumensis/cimbrica and Belemnitella junior (Nowak, 1913), sea urchins (Echinocorys sp. including Echinocorys scutata (Leske, 1778) and Cardiaster granulosus (Goldfuss, 1829), oysters (Pycnodonte vesicularis (Lamarck, 1806), parts of or eroded shark teeth (for example Carcharias sp., Cretalamna lata (Agassiz, 1843), Squalicorax pristodontus (Agassiz, 1843) and Pseudocorax affinis (Münster in Agassiz, 1843). Many fossils are from the Vijlen Chalk (early Early to early Late Maastrichtian). Fossils from the Vijlen 0-3 and Vijlen 4-6 (Vijlen chalk) are approximately between 70.6 and 69.3 million years old (the basis of interval 0 of the Vijlen Member could be dated at 70.6 Ma). Lithology and bioclast contents for intervals 5 (upper part) and 6 of the Vijlen Member at Mamelis (Mamelis 62D-78) have indicated an age of 69.7-69.3 mya. Including the latest part of the late late Maastrichtian (Formatie van Maastricht), the fossils can be between 70.6 and 66 million years old. Internet https://www.somniosus.be/Homepage_set.htm Literature Birkelund, T. (1957). Upper Cretaceous belemnites from Denmark. Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab, Biologiske Skrifter, 9, 1–69, Copenhagen. Christensen, W.K. (1995). Belemnitella from the Upper Campanian and Lower Maastrichtian chalks of Norfolk, England. Special Papers in Palaeontology, 51, 1-84. London. Felder, P.J. & Bless, M.J.M. (1994). The Vijlen Chalk (early Early to early Late Maastrichtian) in its type area around Vijlen and Mamelis (southern Limburg, The Netherlands). Annales de la Société géologique de Belgique 116: 61–85. Felder, W.M. & Bosch, P.W. (2000). Geologie van Nederland, deel 5. Krijt van Zuid-Limburg. NITG TNO, Delft/ Utrecht: 192 pp. Jagt, J.W.M. (2005). Stratigraphic ranges of mosasaurs in Belgium and the Netherlands (Late Cretaceous) and cephalopod-based correlations with North America. Netherlands Journal of Geosciences. 84. 10.1017/S0016774600021065. Jagt, J.W.M. (2012). Belemnitellid coleoids (Mollusca, Cephalopoda) from the type Maastrichtian, the Netherlands and Belgium. Scripta Geologica. Special Issue, 08, 93–112. Jagt, J.W.M, & Jagt-Yazykova, E.A. (2012). Stratigraphy of the type Maastrichtian – a synthesis. Scripta Geologica. Special Issue, 08, 5–32. Keutgen, N., Jagt, J.W., Felder, P., & Jagt-Yazykova, E. (2010). Stratigraphy of the upper Vijlen Member (Gulpen Formation; Maastrichtian) in northeast Belgium, the southeast Netherlands and the Aachen area (Germany), with special reference to belemnitellid cephalopods. Geologie En Mijnbouw, 89, 109-136. Jeletzky, J.A. (1949). Über den taxonomischen Wert einiger morphologischer Elemente des Rostrums der belemnitellenartigen Formen (Familie Belemnitellidae Pavlow, 1913), sowie über die Gattung Belemnella (Nowak, 1913,subg.) Jeletzky, 1941, ihre Phylogenie und einige Vertreter.Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie, B9, 257–287. Keutgen, N. (2011). The belemnite zonation of the uppermost Cretaceous in the Maastricht-AachenLiège, Brabant-Méhaigne and Mons areas (Belgium, southeast Netherlands). In: Jagt, J.W.M., Jagt-Jagt. Belemnitellid coleoids from the type Maastrichtian. Scripta Geol., Spec. Issue 8 (2012). Keutgen, N. (2018). A bioclast-based astronomical timescale for the Maastrichtian in the type area (southeast Netherlands, northeast Belgium) and stratigraphic implications: The legacy of P.J. Felder. Netherlands Journal of Geosciences, 97(4), 229-260. doi:10.1017/njg.2018.15 Nestler, H. (2002). Die Fossilien der Rügener Schreibkreide (4. überarbeitete und erweiterte Auflage). Die Neue Brehm-Bücherei Bd. 486., Hohenwarsleben (Westarp Wissenschaften-Verlagsgesellschaft mbH). Schulz, M.G. (1979). Morphometrisch-variationsstatistische Untersuchungen zur Phylogenie der Belemniten-Gattung Belemnella im Untermaastricht NW-Europas. Geologisches Jahrbuch, A47, 3–157. Van der Ham, R. & van Birgelen, M. (1992). Zeeëgels uit het Maastrichtien van de Schneeberg en omgeving (Aken, Duitsland). Natuurhistorisch Maandblad, 81(8/9), 139–153. Description The Cretaceous fossils I found are numerous broken belemnite parts and almost complete ones (species Belemnella (P. sumensis/cimbrica or Belemnitella junior), three belemnite phragmocones, shark teeth (Cretalamna lata, a part of a Squalicorax sp. and other teeth, perhaps one or two Enchodus sp. teeth), one complete Cardiaster granulosus, one part of a oyster (Pycnodonte sp.), small bivalves and one gastropod (possibly Natica cretacea (Goldfuss, 1844) and Holocene or Pleistocene material (not on the photo). I also found a tooth that looks like a reptile or Mosasaur tooth (height around 1 cm). It is cone like and has a thicker root than the shark teeth. One of the fossils is also difficult to determine. It looks like a seed from a tree or other plant. Any ideas? Photo 1: overview of the fossils. Photo 2: some shark teeth, belemnite parts, phragmocones and the very small Mosasaur or reptile (?) tooth. Photo 3: some shark teeth. Photo 4: found the next day a more complete but eroded Squalicorax pristodontus (Agassiz, 1843). All of these teeth are very small, around 0.5-1 cm (only the Squalicorax tooth is a bit bigger).
  14. Hi guys, I made this post about this small theropod tooth from the lance creek formation, Wyoming, USA. I bought it years ago and it was sold to me as belonging to a dromaeosaurid. It doesn't seem to me that it corresponds to any "raptor", but to a baby of Tyrannosaurus rex/Nanotyrannus lacensis. What do you say? Thanks in advance! Ps: the tooth is 1,2 cm/0.47 inch long and 0,6 cm/0.24 inch wide.
  15. Nicopaleoadventures

    Indeterminate claw from Morocco, Kem Kem.

    Hi guys, these days i was given this claw coming from kem kem as a birthday gift. This fossil was sold as a theropod claw, but it looks anything but to me. I assumed it could belong either to a sauropod cub or to a strange lizard not yet described. What do you think? THANKS XD
  16. Found this cylindrical fossil with tiny holes on the outside and circular ring pattern on top. I thought it was a coral but the circular lines don’t match. Any help to identify it would be appreciated.
  17. I managed another trip to Aust and as I had a better idea what I was looking for managed to get a few bits of bone bed to sift through back home - one of whch was this nicely preserved piece of what I presume is reptile bone (approx 6cm long?) My guess is a partial rib (although it is completely flat, with no visible curvature), in which case given size and location most probably Pachystropheus, but I'd love to get any more thoughts.
  18. Hello all! I am looking for books/literature that show descriptions and illustrations of belemnites (belemnoids). In the book there must be information about belemnites, colour or black-white photographs and reconstructions of the fossil/animal (how the animal looked like in real life and perhaps description of the rostrum). If anyone know some titles, that would be wonderful! Kind regards, Ruben
  19. I am struggling to find proper information on how to identify different brittlestar genuses, so if anyone has a good resource for that, that would be great as well! Found at place de la Crevasse near Equihen, when splitting open a fallen block of layered, clayey shale. Scale is in cm.
  20. Hello all, Found some nice fossils. Around Vaals in Limburg (the Netherlands), Cretaceous sediments occur. The Kalksteen van Vijlen (Vijlen chalk), Orsbach Kreide (Orsbach chalk) and Kunrader Kalksteen (Kunrader chalk) or Vetschauer Kalksteen are present. Fossils from these sediments consist of belemnites (Belemnella (Pachybelemnella) sumensis (Jeletzky, 1949) and/or Belemnella (Pachybelemnella) cimbrica (Birkelund, 1957), some forms are described as Belemnella ex gr. sumensis/cimbrica and Belemnitella sp.), sea urchins (Echinocorys sp. including Echinocorys scutata (Leske, 1778) and Cardiaster granulosus (Goldfuss, 1829), oysters (Pycnodonte vesicularis (Lamarck, 1806), shark teeth (for example Carcharias sp., Cretalamna lata (Agassiz, 1843) and Pseudocorax affinis (Münster in Agassiz, 1843) and other fossils. Many fossils are from the Vijlen Chalk (early Early to early Late Maastrichtian). Fossils from the Vijlen 0-3 and Vijlen 4-6 (Vijlen chalk) are approximately between 70.6 and 69.3 million years old (the basis of interval 0 of the Vijlen Member could be dated at 70.6 Ma). Lithology and bioclast contents for intervals 5 (upper part) and 6 of the Vijlen Member at Mamelis (Mamelis 62D-78) have indicated an age of 69.7-69.3 mya. Including the latest part of the late late Maastrichtian (Formatie van Maastricht), fossils can be between 70.6 and 66 million years old. Internet https://www.somniosus.be/Homepage_set.htm Literature Birkelund, T. (1957). Upper Cretaceous belemnites from Denmark. Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab, Biologiske Skrifter, 9, 1–69, Copenhagen. Christensen, W.K. (1995). Belemnitella from the Upper Campanian and Lower Maastrichtian chalks of Norfolk, England. Special Papers in Palaeontology, 51, 1-84. London. Felder, P.J. & Bless, M.J.M. (1994). The Vijlen Chalk (early Early to early Late Maastrichtian) in its type area around Vijlen and Mamelis (southern Limburg, The Netherlands). Annales de la Société géologique de Belgique 116: 61–85. Felder, W.M. & Bosch, P.W. (2000). Geologie van Nederland, deel 5. Krijt van Zuid-Limburg. NITG TNO, Delft/ Utrecht: 192 pp. Jagt, J.W.M. (2005). Stratigraphic ranges of mosasaurs in Belgium and the Netherlands (Late Cretaceous) and cephalopod-based correlations with North America. Netherlands Journal of Geosciences. 84. 10.1017/S0016774600021065. Jagt, J.W.M. (2012). Belemnitellid coleoids (Mollusca, Cephalopoda) from the type Maastrichtian, the Netherlands and Belgium. Scripta Geologica. Special Issue, 08, 93–112. Jagt, J.W.M, & Jagt-Yazykova, E.A. (2012). Stratigraphy of the type Maastrichtian – a synthesis. Scripta Geologica. Special Issue, 08, 5–32. Keutgen, N., Jagt, J.W., Felder, P., & Jagt-Yazykova, E. (2010). Stratigraphy of the upper Vijlen Member (Gulpen Formation; Maastrichtian) in northeast Belgium, the southeast Netherlands and the Aachen area (Germany), with special reference to belemnitellid cephalopods. Geologie En Mijnbouw, 89, 109-136. Jeletzky, J.A. (1949). Über den taxonomischen Wert einiger morphologischer Elemente des Rostrums der belemnitellenartigen Formen (Familie Belemnitellidae Pavlow, 1913), sowie über die Gattung Belemnella (Nowak, 1913,subg.) Jeletzky, 1941, ihre Phylogenie und einige Vertreter.Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie, B9, 257–287. Keutgen, N. (2011). The belemnite zonation of the uppermost Cretaceous in the Maastricht-AachenLiège, Brabant-Méhaigne and Mons areas (Belgium, southeast Netherlands). In: Jagt, J.W.M., Jagt-Jagt. Belemnitellid coleoids from the type Maastrichtian. Scripta Geol., Spec. Issue 8 (2012). Keutgen, N. (2018). A bioclast-based astronomical timescale for the Maastrichtian in the type area (southeast Netherlands, northeast Belgium) and stratigraphic implications: The legacy of P.J. Felder. Netherlands Journal of Geosciences, 97(4), 229-260. doi:10.1017/njg.2018.15 Nestler, H. (2002). Die Fossilien der Rügener Schreibkreide (4. überarbeitete und erweiterte Auflage). Die Neue Brehm-Bücherei Bd. 486., Hohenwarsleben (Westarp Wissenschaften-Verlagsgesellschaft mbH). Schulz, M.G. (1979). Morphometrisch-variationsstatistische Untersuchungen zur Phylogenie der Belemniten-Gattung Belemnella im Untermaastricht NW-Europas. Geologisches Jahrbuch, A47, 3–157. Van der Ham, R. & van Birgelen, M. (1992). Zeeëgels uit het Maastrichtien van de Schneeberg en omgeving (Aken, Duitsland). Natuurhistorisch Maandblad, 81(8/9), 139–153.
  21. Hello all! Found some nice Cretaceous fossils from early early Maastichtian age (and/or late late Campanian). These are around 70-67 million or 70-68 million years old (the exact age is difficult to determine but around the mentioned 70-67 mya, possibly including the late late Maastrichtian). Mainly belemnites from the Belemnitella and Belemnella (Pachybelemnella) species and sea urchins (two 5-7 cm Echinocorys sp. Possibly E. scutata (Leske, 1778). Some belemnites are black and/or brown coloured. All the fossils are found in sediments of Cretaceous age (Formatie van Gulpen, Kalksteen van Vijlen, The Netherlands). Also found two bones and one horse tooth (Holocene age and/or Pleistocene).
  22. Found these on vacation in Virginia. Are they the same type of ray despite the different look ?
  23. siteseer

    Kem Kem tooth Crocodile?

    Here's a tooth I bought at the gem show back in the days when Moroccan vertebrate stuff was starting to appear at Tucson and other shows. I've been meaning to show it to people for years. It's from the Kem Kem Beds (Cenomanian), Taouz area, Morocco. It's about 61mm long with cutting edges that appear to be slightly crenulated rather than finely-serrated. It's oval in cross-section on the root end but the crown becomes blade-like toward the tip so it is somewhat labiolingually compressed. I assume it's a crocodile tooth but thought it might have a small chance at being from a dinosaur. I'll hit up the "Kem Kem regulars" for comment but am interested what others say as well. @Troodon @Haravex @LordTrilobite Thanks, Jess
  24. siteseer

    Another Kem Kem Oddity

    Here's a specimen bought at the gem show back in the days when Moroccan vertebrate stuff was starting to appear at Tucson and other shows. It's from the Kem Kem Beds (Cenomanian), Taouz area, Morocco like that other crocodile-like tooth I showed here several days ago.. This one is just under 2 3/8 inches (59mm) long with long folds/ridges of what appears to be enamel along its length so I think it's a tooth. Some of the folds end part of the way to the tip. There are spots where these folds are chipped revealing a rather smooth layer. It shows wear at the tip. I think it's some kind of crocodile though it seems rather slender for that and I would expect it to be more hollow (view at the root end provided). I'm wondering it actually belongs to some large fish. Maybe it's an odd spine. @Troodon, @LordTrilobite
  25. siteseer

    Squalicorax review

    This thread was inspired by Sander's excellent review of his collection of Squalicorax teeth. I have started getting some of my Squalicorax specimens together and a few have been photographed already to provide additional visual references for collectors. I will try to show teeth chronologically (Albian teeth first, then Cenomanian...) from early in the evolution of the genus and on to the time of its last representatives. I start with the two oldest Squalicorax teeth in my collection - a pair of specimens from the Upper Albian-age Pawpaw Formation, Motorola site, Tarrant County, Texas. The first tooth is S. pawpawensis (10mm along the mesial edge) and the second is S. priscoserratus (just over 10mm along the mesial edge).
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