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On October 10, we (my wife and I) went to an extraction site for diatomites, in the Cantal massif. The age of these rocks is Messinian, bordering on Miocene-Pliocene. I present some photos of the exploited site (seen during a previous visit) and some fossils found this Sunday in the rocks stored awaiting industrial treatment. The remains of fossil plants are not abundant, you have to cut a lot of rock and the quality of conservation is often poor, but occasionally a pretty leaf appears... The next problem is long-term preservation, even with immediate consolidation treatment, performed at the site. The most 'common' species is Alnus hoernesi = A. stenophylla, but studies conducted for over a century have identified 86 species!
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The species of the family Syngnathidae belong to the order Syngnathiformes. The name "Syngnathiformes" means "conjoined-jaws". Syngnathiformes is an order of ray-finned fishes that includes among others pipefishes and seahorses (Syngnathidae), razorfishes (Centriscidae), trumpetfishes (Aulostomidae), and cornetfishes (Fistulariidae). Fishes of this order have elongate, narrow, bodies surrounded by a series of bony rings, and small, tubular mouths. The tubular mouth shows that these members of the Syngnathiformes fed on small Crustaceans and such, much as their modern-day relatives, the Seahorses, and Pipefishes. The family Syngnathidae includes the pipefishes and seahorses as well as the leafy and weedy sea dragons. The species of the subfamily Syngnathinae (Pipefishes) have elongated, thin, snake-like bodies with a highly modified skeleton formed into armored plating. The head is elongate with a long and slender, tubular snout; the mouth is small and toothless. The dorsal fin is the main part of locomotion. They are very weak swimmers in open water, moving slowly by means of rapid movements of the dorsal fin. The ventral fins are constantly absent; other fins may or may not be developed. The species of the subfamily Syngnathinae are abundant on coasts of the tropical and temperate zones. Most species of pipefish are usually 35–40 cm in length and generally inhabit sheltered areas in coral reefs, seagrass beds, and sandy lagoons. References: H. E. Sauvage (1870) Synopsis des poissons tertiaires de Licata. Anales des Sciences Naturalles, Zoologie et Paleontologie 14:1-26. H. E. Sauvage (1873) Memoire sur la faune ichthyologigue de la periode Tertiare et plus specialement sur les poissons fossiles d'Oran et de Licata. Annales des Sciences Geologiques 4:1-272. C. Arambourg (1925) Revision des Poissons fossiles de Liata (Sicile). 14:39-132. J. Gaudant, J.-P. Caulet, I. Di Geronimo, A. Di Stefano, E. Fourtanier, M. Romero, and M.-T. Venec-Peyre (1996) Analyse séquentielle d'un nouveau gisement de poissons fossiles du Messinien marin diatomitique : Masseria il Salto près de Caltagirone (Province de Catane, Sicile). Géologie Méditerranéenne 23(2):117-153
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References: ARAMBOURG C. (1925) Révision des poissons fossiles de Licata (Sicile). Annales de Paléontologie, 14, 39-132. Landini W., Menesini E. (1984) Messinian marine fish communities of the Mediterranean Sea, Atti della Società Toscana di Scienze Naturali Serie A 91, 279-290 Woodward A. S. (1901) Catalogue of Fossil Fishes in the British Museum (Natural History), Part IV, 1-636.
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Fluvial deposits demonstrate near-complete desiccation of the eastern Mediterranean (open access)
Oxytropidoceras posted a topic in Fossil News
The open access paper is: Madof, A.S., Bertoni, C. and Lofi, J., 2019. Discovery of vast fluvial deposits provides evidence for drawdown during the late Miocene Messinian salinity crisis. Geology. https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geology/article/568108/discovery-of-vast-fluvial-deposits-provides Yours, Paul H.-
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From the album: Vertebrates
?Myctophum sp. Upper Miocene Messinian Licata Sicily Italy -
From the album: Vertebrates
?Myctophum sp. Upper Miocene Messinian Licata Sicily Italy -
From the album: Vertebrates
"Myctophum" sp. Upper Miocene Messinian Licata Sicily Italy -
From the album: Vertebrates
Bregmaceros albyi Sauvage, 1880 Upper Miocene Messinian Licata Sicily Italy-
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From the album: Messinian fossil fish (Miocene)
Analysis of the ecological characteristics of the Messinian, Lower Pliocene and present-day ichthyofauna of the Mediterranean basin reveals various data which are consistent with the hypothesis of the desiccation of the Mediterranean. In the numerous fish-bed localities of the Lower and Middle Messinian, where the sequence is complete, the lower levels contain a rich ichthyofauna with exclusively marine species. Amongst these species are meso- and bathypelagic forms. The marine sequences are overlain conformably by evaporitic levels which contain an ichthyofauna dominated by euryhaline forms, and also containing very rare freshwater and marine forms. -
The heavy pachyostosis in the spine, ribs and cranium bones is an adaption to the increasingly salted and thick waters during the Late Messinian. Line drawing from Gaudant et al. 1988, p. 192: References: Gaudant, J. (1979): Pachylebias crassicaudus (Agassiz) (Poisson téléostéen, cyprinodontiforme), un constituant majeur de l'ichthyofaune du Messinien continental du bassin méditerranéen. Geobios 12(1) 47-73. Gaudant, J., Meunier, F. (1987): Sur un cas de pachyostose chez un poisson du Miocène terminal du bassin méditerranéen, Aphanius crassicaudus (Agassiz), (Teleostei, Cyprinodontidae). Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences Paris vol. 305, sér. II. Gaudant, J., Guerrera, F. & Savelli, D. (1988) Nouvelles données sur le Messinien de Méditerranée occidentale : les gisements à Aphanius crassicaudus (Agassiz poissons téléostéens, cyprinodontiformes) des Marches (Italie), Geodinamica Acta, 2:4, 185-196, DOI: 10.1080/09853111.1988.11105166, http://www.marcocavina.com/mineralogia_paleontologia/Borgo_Tossignano_paleontologia/00_pag.htm.