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  1. Around 66 Million years ago, at the end of the Maastrichtian stage of the Late Cretaceous period, an astroid struck what is now the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico. The subsequent impact and its effects caused the KT mass extinction event. The event wiped out 75% of all life on Earth. This included all the non-avian dinosaurs and most genera of marine reptiles. The end of the event also heralded the beginning of the Cenozoic era with the Paleocene period (66.0-56.0 Million years ago), and the dawn of the age of the mammals (one of the survivors from the Cretaceous Paleocene extinction event). But what most people don't realize is that in large areas of the planet, mammals didn't immediately takeover over the top ecological niches the Non-Avian Dinosaurs left vacant. That is because many surviving reptile groups filled those voids first (albeit briefly). In many parts of the globe, The Paleocene was still the age of the reptiles. https://news.agu.org/press-release/scientists-reconstruct-ancient-impact-that-dwarfs-dinosaur-extinction-blast/ A Geologic Time Scale 2004. (2004). Nigeria: Cambridge University Press. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6842625 This was partly due to the fact that the climate of the Paleocene and Eocene was generally hotter than today, which favored Ectothermic reptiles. As a result, these reptiles quickly grew to large body sizes and many filled the voids left vacant by the extinction of the endothermic non-avian theropod dinosaurs. Here is a list of these reptiles which hopefully demonstrates the diversity of these incredible creatures during the Paleocene. Let me know if I forgot any examples. North America - Thoracosaurus neocesariensis (Gavialoidea) (Late Cretaceous-Paleocene (70.6-56.0 Million Years ago)) (Note: Thoracosaurus species could grow up to 5 meters (16 feet) in length) Kosmodraco dakotensis (Choristodera) (Paleocene (60.2-56.8 Million Years ago) (Note: Kosmodraco dakotensis could grow up to 5 meters (16 feet) in length) Kosmodraco magnicornis (Choristodera) (Paleocene (56.8-55 Million Years ago)) Champsosaurus gigas (Choristodera) (Paleocene) (Note: Champsosaurus gigas could grow up to 3 meters (9 feet) in length) Borealosuchus acutidentatus (Crocodylomorpha) (Late Cretaceous-Paleocene (66.0-63.3 Million Years ago)) Axestemys splendida (Soft-shell turtle-Trionychidae) (Late Cretaceous-Paleocene) (Note: Axestemys species could grow up to 2 meters (6 feet) in length) Axestemys montinsana (Soft-shell turtle-Trionychidae) (Late Cretaceous-Paleocene) (Note: Axestemys species could grow up to 2 meters (6 feet) in length) Adocus onerosus (turtle-Dermatemyidae) (Paleocene) (Note: Adocus species could grow up to 80 cm. (2 feet) In length) Europe - Thoracosaurus isorhynchus (Gavialoidea) (Late Cretaceous-Paleocene (70.6-56.0 Million Years ago)) (Note: Thoracosaurus species could grow up to 5 meters (16 feet) in length) South America - Cerrejonisuchus improcerus (Dyrosaurid) (Mid-Late Paleocene (60-58 Million Years ago)) Acherontisuchus guajiraensis (Dyrosaurid) (Mid-Late Paleocene (60-58 Million Years ago)) Titanoboa cerrejonensis (Boa snake-Boidae) (Mid-Late Paleocene (60-58 Million Years ago)) (Note: Titanoboa cerrejonensis could grow up to 12.8 meters (42 feet) in length) Carbonemys cofrinii (turtle-Podocnemididae) (Mid-Late Paleocene (60-58 Million Years ago)) Cerrejonemys wayuunaiki (turtle-Podocnemididae) (Mid-Late Paleocene (60-58 Million Years ago)) (Note: Cerrejonemys wayuunaiki could have grown to 1 meter (3 feet) in length)) Puentemys mushaisaensis (turtle-Bothremydidae) (Mid-Late Paleocene (60-58 Million Years ago)) (Note: Puentemys mushaisaensis could have grown to 1.51 meters (5 feet) in length)) Africa - Arambourgisuchus khouribgaensis (Dyrosaurid) (Late Paleocene (59-55 Million Years ago)) Chenanisuchus lateroculi (Dyrosaurid) (Late Cretaceous-Paleocene) (Note: Chenanisuchus lateroculi could grow up to 4.5 meters (14 feet) in length) Amananulam sanogoi (aquatic snake-Nigerophiidae) (Paleocene) Acleistochelys maliensis (turtle-Bothremydidae) (Paleocene 61.7-55.8 Million Years ago) What do you guys think?
  2. Hey hope y'all are doing well! Seems like I've been absent from here quite some time, huh? Between a rather intense semester at uni, and research work for the GeoCenter museum in Denmark, it's been a pretty darn busy past few months... But I'm back now, with some neat updates about the paleo stuff I've been up to lately Can't wait to browse through all the different TFF threads from the last weeks, too! The biggest thing I got up to - I participated for the first time in a paleontology conference!! It was really fun, I got to meet other up-and-coming paleontologists, took a workshop led by the brilliant Phil Mannion on how to better use the Paleobiology Database - and most importantly, there were some truly excellent talks about all sorts of interesting topics: unusual structures in mosasaur vertebrae, Silurian benthos paleoecology, resolving pterosaur taxonomy... I like to think that my talk was pretty good too, it garnered quite a bit of attention I presented Thoracosaurus crocodile bones from the Late Cretaceous chalk site Møns Klint (Denmark). My main conclusions were that the bones represent the oldest European gavialoid - and reveals that the transatlantic distribution of gavialoid crocs dates back at least to the early Maastrichtian. The Møns Klint specimen is also significant because crocs are simply darn rare in the chalk of Denmark, so new finds are really important to better understanding the paleoecology of the sea that covered Denmark and NW Europe in the Late Cretaceous. For those who are curious, here's a recording of my talk Hope you enjoy it!
  3. The Amateur Paleontologist

    I'm gonna be participating in a conference!!

    Just wanted to share this bit of good news with you guys - I was accepted, some time ago, to present at a paleo conference The conference, Progressive Palaeontology 2021, is organised by the Palaeontological Association and is hosted (online) by the University College London (my uni!). It runs from tomorrow until the 19th. Although registration is now closed, some talks will be uploaded to Youtube (it's possible for presenters to ask to have their talks stay up on Youtube, publicly, even after the event has finished). Now although the conference is mostly for master's and PhD students, I thought I'd still go ahead with trying my hand at getting into the conference. I'm so delighted I got accepted! For those who are curious, this is the title and abstract of my talk: Historical material of cf. Thoracosaurus from the Maastrichtian of Denmark provides new insight into the K-Pg distribution of Crocodylia Crocodylia is one of the distinctive groups that survived the K–Pg mass extinction event. New material from Late Cretaceous–early Palaeogene deposits is therefore important to understanding shifts in crocodylian distribution and ecology. This paper describes and assesses a fragmentary mandible of a marine crocodylian from the lower Maastrichtian (Late Cretaceous) of Møns Klint (Denmark). Based on features including narrow rami and curved, slender, and conical teeth, the specimen is referred to cf. Thoracosaurus (Gavialoidea). Although collected in 1968, the material has not yet been described. However, given its importance to crocodylian palaeontology, the specimen warrants further attention. This research aims to systematically present the palaeobiogeographical significance of the fossil material, assessed using digital palaeolatitudinal reconstruction. The Møns Klint specimen represents the oldest gavialoid record in Europe, with all other material deriving from upper Maastrichtian and Danian deposits. This indicates that Gavialoidea were present in the European Chalk Sea throughout the Maastrichtian, rather than being a latest Maastrichtian arrival. Furthermore, the Møns Klint ‘Thoracosaurus’ represents one of the only lower Maastrichtian gavialoids, the other two being from Mississippi and New Jersey (United States of America). The specimen thus extends the palaeogeographical range of lower Maastrichtian gavialoids across the proto-Atlantic and by ~7º in palaeolatitude. This reveals a transatlantic distribution of Gavialoidea dating back to the earliest Maastrichtian, providing further evidence for distributional communication between vertebrate faunas of the Western Interior Seaway and of the Chalk Sea. These factors therefore make the Møns Klint Thoracosaurus specimen particularly valuable to understanding distributional patterns of K–Pg crocodylians. I'm especially pleased that after several years, some of my research on the marine fauna from the late Cretaceous chalk of Møns Klint is finally getting "out there", into the academic/public world. A small step of progress for my Møns Klint Fossil Research Program! It'll also of course be great to see many talks on fascinating aspects of paleo research, exchange with paleontologists, and participate in workshops!! I'll make sure to post on TFF the recording of my talk once it's made publicly available Really can't wait for this, I'm so excited!! -Christian
  4. Snaggle_tooth

    Mosasaur or Thoracosaurus

    Hello all, Recently my girlfriend and I went up to Ramanessin in New Jersey for a fossil hunt. After a while I came across this tooth! Upon trying to identify it I couldn't exactly figure out whether it was a crocodile (Thoracosaurus) or a mosasaur from the area. The tooth is more ovular in cross section. If more pictures are needed I can send them. Im leaning more towards Thoracosaurus. Thanks!
  5. This was found in Big Brook NJ. It looks most similar to this Thoracosaurus neocesariensis scute on: http://www.njfossils.net/crocodile.html Could it be? It is very light and shell-like. About 2cm x 2cm.
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