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Hello! I asked this question in the Facebook group so I apologize if any of you are seeing it for a second time, but it was buried in a comment chain so I’m hoping to get a few more expert eyes on it. I received this beautifully prepared Keichousaurus today and it’s truly awesome to see it in person, but now that I’m able to inspect it more closely I’m thinking it may be a composite. There are a few things making me lean that direction: 1) There is an obvious mismatch in the patterns on the matrix, both front and back, when comparing the chunk that the body is on to the chunk that the skull is on. For example, the partial fish fossil on the righthand side just abruptly stops at the seam (last photo, blue arrow) … but it’s maybe possible that this is due to variable flaking/weathering and reattachment 2) The head is dorsal while the body is ventral … but I know it’s possible for this to happen naturally if the neck is twisted 3) The white “veins” that appear to run across both plates (skull and body) are, I think, true calcite veins in one plate and scratches intentionally placed to match on the other. For example, the red arrow in the last photo points to a junction where a true calcite vein from the body plate should cross the skull, but no vein is visible in the skull. A “vein” reappears above the skull but I believe this is just a surface scratch. On the other hand, the skull is perfectly sized and aligned to the “horns” (retroarticular processes) present on the body plate. This seems incredibly difficult to achieve in a fossil of this size. This specimen was prepared in the US and I have no reason to believe the skull is fake, but the uniform spacing and shape of the teeth also looks off to me. That may just be due to incomplete preparation of the area, I can’t tell even under 10x magnification. In any case it’s beautiful to look at, I was just a little disappointed to see that it may be a composite. What are your thoughts?
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Alternative combination: Peltopleurus orientalis Su, 1959. The fish was originally described by Su in 1959 as Peltopleurus orientalis but recombined by Tintori et al. in 2016 as Habroichthys orientalis. Taxonomy for Habroichthys orientalis according to Fossilworks.org. Diagnosis according to Su, 1959 p. 205: “A Peltopleurus with rather slenderly fusiform body. Head rather small, its length is less than the maximum depth of the body and being about one 4,5th of the total length. External skull-bones smooth. Posterior part of maxilla somewhat triangular in shape. Operculum slightly larger than suboperculum. Preoperculum vertical. Anal fin larger and with longer base than that of the dorsal. Origin of the dorsal fin slightly in front of that of the anal fin. Flank with longitudinal row of greatly deepened scales, covering up to three fourths of depth of body. Reconstruction of Habroichtys according to Griffith, 1977, p. 29: Identified by oilshale using Su, 1959. References: Su, T, (1959): Triassic Fishes from Kueichow, South-West China. Vertebrata PalAsiatica 3(4):205-215. Griffith, J. (1977): The Upper Triassic fishes from Polzberg bei Lunz, Austria. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 60(1), 1–93. DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.1977.tb00834.x Lin, H.-Q., Sun, Z.-Y., Tintori, A., Lombardo, C., Jiang, D.- Y. & Hao, W.-C. (2011): A new species of Habroichthys Brough, 1939 (Actinopterygii; Peltopleuriformes) from the Pelsonian (Anisian, Middle Triassic) of Yunnan Province, South China. – Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen, 262 (1): 79-89. DOI: 10.1127/0077-7749/2011/0186. Xu, Guang-Hui & Ma, Xin-Ying. (2016): A Middle Triassic stem-neopterygian fish from China sheds new light on the peltopleuriform phylogeny and internal fertilization. Science Bulletin. 61. 1766-1774. DOI: 10.1007/s11434-016-1189-5. Tintori, A., Lombardo, C. and Kustatscher, E. (2016): The Pelsonian (Anisian, Middle Triassic) fish assemblage from Monte Prà della Vacca/Kühwiesenkopf (Braies Dolomites, Italy). Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen 282:181-200. DOI: 10.1127/njgpa/2016/0612.
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From the album: Vertebrates
Fish non det. Middle Triassic Xingyi Guizhou China -
From the album: Vertebrates
Wushaichthys exquisitus Xu, Zhao & Shen, 2015 Middle Triassic Ladinian - early Carnian Falang Formation Zhuganpo Member Wusha near Xingyi Guizhou Province PR China Length 5cm -
References: T. Su (1959) Triassic Fishes from Kueichow, South-West China. Vertebrata PalAsiatica 3(4):205-215
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From the album: Vertebrates
Keichousaurus hui Young, 1958 Middle Triassic Zhuganpo Formation Xingyi Guizhou PRC Length 4cm -
Baby Keichousaurus, ventral view. Functional Morphology and ontogeny of Keichousaurus hui Reptilia Sauropterygia.pdf References: Liao JL, Lan T, Xu GH, Li J, Qin YJ, Zhao MS, Li YL and Wang Y (2021) Tooth Structure and Replacement of the Triassic Keichousaurus (Sauropterygia, Reptilia) From South China. Front. Ecol. Evol. 9:741851. doi: 10.3389/fevo.2021.741851
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Taxonomy according to Mindat.org Diagnosis from Liu et al. 2003, p 356: "Fishes of rather large in size and slenderly fusiform in shape. Maxillary and mandible of Palaeoniscid type. Gape very long , with acutely conical teeth on mouth borders. Ventral fin very small and placed between pectoral and anal fins. Dorsal and anal fins rather large , latter larger and longer than former, and rays very numerous. Origin of dorsal fin slightly in front of that of anal. Fulcra developed. Tail heterocercal. Caudal fin equilobate and strongly forked. Ganoid scales very small and rhombic. Transverse rows of scales on trunk very numerous in number. Scales on anterior trunk superficially smooth , with comb-shaped denticles on posterior margins; those on middle and posterior parts of trunk bearing superficially markably crowded striae rostrocaudally." Identified by oilshale using Liu et al 2003. References: Liu et al. (2003) NEW DISCOVERED FISHES FROM KEICHOUSAURUS BEARING HORIZON OF LATE TRIASSIC IN XINGYI OF GUIZHOU. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica , 42(3) :346 - 366.
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References: Liu et al. (2002) ON THE MOST PRIMITIVE AMIID FISH FROM UPPER TRIASSIC OF XINGYI , GUIZHOU. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica , 41 (3) :461 - 463.
