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Found 2 results

  1. BentonlWalters

    Adventures in Thin Sectioning

    This ongoing journey begins as many do, with an accident. While trimming down matrix from my collection to reduce weight, in this instance a piece of the Aust bone bed, I accidentally sliced right through an ichthyosaur vertebra that I didn’t realise was there hidden in the rock. After the initial annoyance wore off, I realized that the internal texture of the bone was pretty nicely preserved and that gave me an idea, maybe I could make a histological section of the offcut piece of the vertebra. I have always wanted to learn how to make thin sections and this gave me the catalyst, so I emailed my the lab technician in my department (I study Paleobiology for my PhD) and next thing I know I was scheduled for training on how to use the departments thin sectioning and polishing lab. I hunted through my collection for a few fossil pieces that I could use as practice and decided on two Yorkshire belemnite fragments, as I have more complete examples and I thought that the rings of the belemnite would make an excellent subject. I am going to wait until I have more practice with the technique, and also have an opportunity to CT scan the block for posterity before I go grinding away what remains of the vertebra. The first test pieces: The process for making thin sections is relatively simple though it requires at least two days for the resin to cure. First you cut a wafer off of the specimen using a specialist saw which produces a very smooth cut surface. The resulting wafer from the smaller belemnite tip: Then you can bond the cut surface of the wafer to a frosted glass microscope slide using epoxy resin. These are then placed in a clamp to cure Two days later, I was introduced the thin section machine, which contains both a cutting wheel and a grinding disk with the arm attached to a micrometer. The glass slides are mounted in a vacuum chuck on the arm and then passed through the blade which cuts off excess material leaving only about 500-600 microns of sample material bonded to the slide. Next the arm is maneuvered to the grinding wheel and with successive passes ~20 microns at a time are ground off the sample until the remaining layer is only about 100 microns thick. At this point the sample is translucent and polarized light gives an idea of the crystal structure of the belemnite! Unfortunately, due to some issues with the resin mix these first two attempts didn’t turn out great but for the purposes of learning I was shown how to polish them anyway, first using a 9 micron diamond suspension which after repeat use reduces the sample to approximately 60 microns and removes the scratches from the grinding disk, then with a 3 micron suspension which does the majority of the actual polishing. Polishing slides: And here’s what the initial results look like under the microscope, I’m looking forward to trying the technique again and improving, as well as figuring out how to attach my camera to the microscope to take better pictures. The growth-rings in the belemnite are very apparent and in the one where I cut through the phragmocone end you can clearly see the siphuncle! Beautiful belemnite growth-rings from the larger specimen: The siphuncle on the edge of the phragmocone: The rings preserved in the smaller specimen: The rings at higher magnification: I’m excited to get to improve my technique and I have a few ideas for other pieces to test with. I will update this soon with more as I keep working at it. Please feel free to ask any questions you have and I’ll try to answer them. Thanks for reading, Benton
  2. ThePhysicist

    Edmontosaurus tooth histology

    From the album: Dinosaurs

    Edmontosaurus annectens Hell Creek Fm., Harding Co., SD, USA Partial dental battery Hadrosaurs had the most histologically complex teeth of any animal, with six unique tissues. This allowed for differential wear, creating an ideal coarse surface for grinding plant matter. (Erickson et al. (2012))
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