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List of Dinosaur genera that survived the Triassic-Jurassic Extinction Event 201 Million Years ago
Joseph Fossil posted a topic in General Fossil Discussion
The Triassic-Jurassic Extinction Event of 201 Million Years ago is less talked about at times than the Mass Extinction events at the end of the Permian and the end of the Cretaceous, but was still an incredibly significant extinction event in Earth’s geologic history. P. Olsen et al. Arctic ice and the ecological rise of the dinosaurs. Science Advances. Published online July 1, 2022. doi:10.1126/sciadv.abo6342. https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.abo6342 Caused by volcanic eruptions that would eventually break apart Pangea and form the Atlantic Ocean, about 23-43% of marine genera (including 96% of coral genera at the time) was wiped out alongside between 17-73% of plant genera at the time. On land, archosaur diversity was decimated. Phytosaurs, Aetosaurs, and many others primitive archosaur groups were wiped out. But one major group of archosaurs that survived were the dinosaurs (Dinosauria). Emerging first in the middle Triassic, dinosaur diversity was hit hard by the event. But the group was overall able to survive thanks to adaptations such as a mostly warm-blooded metabolism and (for theropod dinosaurs) feathers for warmth. Some of the first true mammals including Morganucodon also survived the event, but they would take more of a backseat until the end of the Mesozoic era. For the Dinosaurs, the survivors of the event would go on to diversify, increase in size, and dominate Earth’s terrestrial ecosystems for the next 135 Million Years as they become one of the most successful animal groups in Earth’s history. Here’s a list of all currently known Dinosaur genera and families that survived the Triassic-Jurassic Extinction Event. If I forget any examples, please let me know and I'll add the examples to the list promptly. Dinosauria Saurischa Theropoda (Theropod Dinosaurs) Coelophysidae Coelophysis (Late Triassic-Early Jurassic, 215-199.3 Million Years ago) https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38520 https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicCollectionSearch?collection_no=47198 https://elischolar.library.yale.edu/peabody_museum_natural_history_postilla/169/ https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/14/11/973 https://www.cell.com/current-biology/pdf/S0960-9822(16)31124-1.pdf Lophostropheus (Late Triassic-Early Jurassic, 205.6-196.5 Million Years ago) https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1671/0272-4634(2007)27[73%3ATCLAGN]2.0.CO%3B2 https://www.theropoddatabase.com/Coelophysoidea.htm https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4720452/ Liliensternus (Late Triassic-Early Jurassic, 288-201.3 Million Years ago) https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=55542 https://archive.org/details/predatorydinosau00paul/page/266/mode/2up https://www.cell.com/current-biology/pdf/S0960-9822(16)31124-1.pdf ?Megapnosaurus (Late Triassic-Early Jurassic, 237.0-199.3 Million Years ago) https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=101006 M. A. Raath. 1972. First record of dinosaur footprints from Rhodesia. Arnoldia. 5(37):1-5. https://paleobiodb.org/classic/displayCollResults?taxon_no=101006&max_interval=Triassic&country=Zimbabwe&is_real_user=1&basic=yes&type=view&match_subgenera=1 https://libres.uncg.edu/ir/asu/f/Heckert_A_2003_24_Coelophysids.pdf https://dinodata.de/bibliothek/pdf_p/2021/rsos.210915.pdf Dracoraptor (Late Triassic-Early Jurassic, 201.4-199.3 Million Years ago) https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=335179 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4720452/ Dilophosauridae https://morphobank.org/index.php/Projects/ProjectOverview/project_id/4332 https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02724634.2021.1897604 (next sources for this part I recommend further analysis for their hypothesis of the genus Dilophosaurus itself (not just Dilophosauridae) emerging in the late Rhaetian stage of the Triassic in what is now Southern France) https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=231458 https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicCollectionSearch?collection_no=38886&is_real_user=1 https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicCollectionSearch?collection_no=126607&is_real_user=1 https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicCollectionSearch?collection_no=206455&is_real_user=1 https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=231458&is_real_user=1 https://libres.uncg.edu/ir/asu/f/Heckert_A_2005_29_Arizonas.pdf Eubrontes (Brazil species, Late Triassic-Early Jurassic, 228-201.3 Million Years ago) https://paleobiodb.org/classic/displayCollResults?taxon_no=66094&max_interval=Triassic&country=Brazil&is_real_user=1&basic=yes&type=view&match_subgenera=1 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235218239_Footprints_of_large_theropod_dinosaurs_and_implications_on_the_age_of_Triassic_biotas_from_Southern_Brazil Sauropodomorpha (Sauropod dinosaurs and their ancient sauropodomorph relatives) Massospondylidae https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-01120-w Massospondylus (Late Triassic-Early Jurassic, 200-183 Million Years ago) https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38642&is_real_user=1 https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/geological-magazine/article/abs/sedimentology-and-palaeontology-of-the-upper-karoo-group-in-the-midzambezi-basin-zimbabwe-new-localities-and-their-implications-for-interbasinal-correlation/BF94CA760FCD32F6708001EF18B5299E https://bioone.org/journals/journal-of-vertebrate-paleontology/volume-29/issue-4/039.029.0401/A-New-Basal-Sauropodomorph-Dinosaur-from-the-Upper-Elliot-Formation/10.1671/039.029.0401.short Melanorosauridae Melanorosaurus (Late Triassic-Early Jurassic, 216.5-201 Million Years ago) https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38648 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281466716_The_first_complete_skull_of_the_Triassic_dinosaur_Melanorosaurus_Haughton_Sauropodomorpha_Anchisauria https://wiredspace.wits.ac.za/server/api/core/bitstreams/5d876b0c-8599-4ee4-8b75-d4078290f8c2/content Lessemsauridae https://wiredspace.wits.ac.za/items/95d33ada-766c-4446-a71b-33fd37fadad4 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-01120-w Plateosauridae Plateosaurus (Late Triassic-Early Jurassic, 208.5-199.3 Million Years ago) https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38644 https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicCollectionSearch?collection_no=191140 https://www.cell.com/current-biology/pdf/S0960-9822(16)31124-1.pdf What do you guys think? 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Hiya, found this in Southerndown, Wales. I think it could be bone but I dont know. And even if it is bone, I've no idea what animal it'd be from. This site is jurassic 200-190 myo. Any help is appreciated, thanks!
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Below are two teeth from the Callovian of the Oxford Clay. The left was identified as Hypsocormus tenuirostris, and the right one Teleosaurus sp. I thought it would be worth verifying both IDs, given how difficult some Jurassic marine reptile teeth are to identify. It is my understanding that @pachy-pleuro-whatnot-odon has great expertise with regards to Jurassic teeth. What do you make of them? Thanks in advance for any guidance Othniel
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Hello! I found this fossilized bone a few days ago after the big tides in the Jurassic of the Boulonnais region (North of France). I can’t seem to place it… The cell structure looks dinosaur to me, not marine reptile. Would anyone be acquainted with this type of material and have any idea? Thank you very much! IMG_0855.mov
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From the album: Vertebrates
Mesturus verrucosus WAGNER, 1863 Late Jurassic Tithonian Painten Rygol quarry Bavaria Germany Length 8.5cm Quite rare juvenile fish. -
Taxonomy from Fossilworks.org Identified as juvenile Mesturus verrucosus by M. Ebert, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Paleontology and Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München. References: Wagner A. (1862): Monographie der fossilen Fische aus den lithographischen Schiefern Bayerns.– Erste Abtheilung: Plakoiden und Pyknodonten.– Abhandlungen der königlich bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, mathematisch-physikalische Classe, 9(2): 279–352 + 4 plates. Nursall, J. R. (1999) . The family †Mesturidae and the skull of pycnodont fishes. In G. Arratia & H.-P. Schultze (eds.)Mesozoic Fishes 2 – Systematics and Fossil Record: pp. 153-188, 23 figs., 2 tabs. © 1999 by Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, München, Germany – ISBN 3-931516–48-2
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From the album: Invertebrates
Jiania crebra Wang, Szwedo & Zhang, 2012 Hemiptera Froghopper Middle Jurassic Daohugou Inner Mongolia PRC -
In past, I was afraid of the tooth damage, so I put adhesive on the tooth. But adhesive parts turned white, because it didn’t dry properly, so I requested an acquaintance to restore it. Fortunately, removing adhesive was successful. Due to, the striation looks clearer. Here’s check it. Lastly, more closer striations.
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Giant Dromaeosaurs and other Eumaniraptora from the Cretaceous period
Joseph Fossil posted a topic in General Fossil Discussion
The Eumaniraptora is a clade of non-avian theropod dinosaurs that first emerged during the late Jurassic period and diversified extensively during the subsequent Cretaceous period (143-66 Million years ago). This group is most famously known as the Raptor dinosaurs (the sister clade of the theropod dinosaurs that gave direct rise to the birds), consisting of mostly small to mid sized theropod dinosaurs. There are a few species though that exceed the typical small-medium size range for the raptor dinosaurs. Only a few giant raptor dinosaurs are currently known. But recent discoveries over the past few decades have demonstrated large raptor dinosaurs were less of an exception in Cretaceous ecosystems than previously thought. Here is a list of all the currently known giant Eumaniraptora from the fossil record which hopefully can expand our understanding the vital roles these animals played in the ecosystems they once inhabited. Let me know if I forgot any examples. South America Austroraptor cabazai (Dromaeosauridae - Argentina, South America) (Late Cretaceous (78-66 Million Years ago)) (grew up to 6 meters (20 feet) in length) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2679073/ Antarctica Imperobator antarcticus (Eumaniraptora - part of what is now James Ross Island, Antarctica) (Late Cretaceous (71 Million Years ago)) (grew up to 4 meters (13 feet) in length, note: did not have the iconic pair of sickle shaped claw on its feet like most other Eumaniraptora) https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0195667118300120?via%3Dihub Asia Achillobator giganticus (Dromaeosauridae - part of what is now Mongolia, Asia) (Late Cretaceous (96-89 Million Years ago)) (grew up to 5 meters (16 feet) in length) Perle, A.; Norell, M. A.; Clark, J. M. (1999). "A new maniraptoran Theropod−Achillobator giganticus (Dromaeosauridae)−from the Upper Cretaceous of Burkhant, Mongolia". Contributions from the Geology and Mineralogy Chair, National Museum of Mongolia (101): 1−105. Unnamed Bissekty Formation Giant Dromaeosauridae (Dromaeosauridae (could possible be a species of Itemirus) - part of what is now Uzbekistan, Asia) (Late Cretaceous (92-90 Million Years ago)) (based on Specimens CCMGE 600/12457, ZIN PH 11/16, grew up to 5.5 meters (18 feet) in length) https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263891965_Dromaeosauridae_Dinosauria_Theropoda_from_the_Bissekty_Formation_Upper_Cretaceous_Turonian_of_Uzbekistan_and_the_phylogenetic_position_of_Itemirus_medullaris_Kurzanov_1976 https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/geological-magazine/article/abs/giant-dromaeosaurid-theropod-from-the-upper-cretaceous-turonian-bissekty-formation-of-uzbekistan-and-the-status-of-ulughbegsaurus-uzbekistanensis/4543ABAB1EC19C84405EDF66A5F53124 Europe Unnamed Wessex Formation Giant Dromaeosauridae (Dromaeosauridae (specimens for this species could belong to Vectiraptor) - Isle of Wight, Great Britain, Europe) (Early Cretaceous (125 Million Years ago)) (based on Specimens IWCMS.2002.1, IWCMS.2002.3, IWCMS.2002.4., and BMNH R 16510, grew up to 5.5 meters (18 feet) in length) https://www.researchgate.net/publication/222830089_The_first_record_of_velociraptorine_dinosaurs_Saurischia_Theropoda_from_the_Wealden_Early_Cretaceous_Barremian_of_southern_England https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0195667121003712 Unnamed Giant Dromaeosauridae (Dromaeosauridae - Gorodishchenskii District Russia, Europe) (Late Cretaceous (72.1-66.0 Million Years ago)) (based on Specimen VGI. no. 231/2, grew up to 5.8 meters (19 feet) in length) https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235806763_Carnivorous_dinosaurs_Saurischia_Theropoda_from_the_Maastrichtian_of_the_Volga-Don_Interfluve_Russia North America Utahraptor ostrommaysi (Dromaeosauridae - Western North America) (Early Cretaceous (135-130 Million Years ago)) (grew up to 5.5 meters (18 feet) in length) https://www.researchgate.net/publication/285714464_A_large_dromaeosaur_Theropoda_from_the_Lower_Cretaceous_of_eastern_Utah Dakotaraptor steini (Dromaeosauridae - Western North America) (Late Cretaceous (66 Million years ago)) (grew up to 5.5 meters (18 feet) in length) https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283655219_The_first_giant_raptor_Theropoda_Dromaeosauridae_from_the_Hell_Creek_Formation Unnamed Marshalltown Formation Giant Dromaeosauridae (Dromaeosauridae - Eastern North America) (Late Cretaceous (72.1 Million Years ago)) (based on Specimen NJSM 14158, grew up to 5.5 meters (18 feet) in length) https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327117985_The_distinctive_theropod_assemblage_of_the_Ellisdale_site_of_New_Jersey_and_its_implications_for_North_American_dinosaur_ecology_and_evolution_during_the_Cretaceous https://terpconnect.umd.edu/~gdouglas/raptor/index.html Unnamed Tar Heel Formation Giant Dromaeosauridae ((Dromaeosauridae - Eastern North America) (Late Cretaceous (78.5-77.1 Million Years ago)) (Based on Specimen YPM.VPPU.021397, grew up to 3.4 meters (11 feet 2 inches) in length) https://peerj.com/preprints/26829/ Alaska Troodontid (Troodontidae (could be a species of Troodon or a new genus in Troodontidae) - Prince Creek Formation Alaska, Western North America) (Late Cretaceous (70.6-69.1 Million Years ago) (grew up to almost 4 meters (13 feet) in length) https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236632883_On_the_Occurrence_of_Exceptionally_Large_Teeth_of_Troodon_Dinosauria_Saurischia_from_the_Late_Cretaceous_of_Northern_Alaska Latenivenatrix mcmasterae (Troodontidae - Dinosaur Park Formation, Alberta Canada, Western North America) (Late Cretaceous (75.5 Million years ago)) (grew up to 3.5 meters (11.5 feet) in length) https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/bitstream/1807/78296/1/cjes-2017-0031.pdf Unnamed Mount Laurel Formation Giant Dromaeosauridae (Dromaeosauridae - Eastern North America) (Late Cretaceous (72.1 Million Years ago)) (based on Specimen NJSM GP 22949, grew up to 3.4 meters (11 feet 2 inches) in length) https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.191206 What do you guys think?- 11 replies
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Hi, Any ideas as to what this kind of fossils either of these are ? They are from near Sites, California. I'm not quite sure the age, but based on the age of mudstones in the area, it should be late Jurassic to Cretaceous. Note this is form a bore hole (not surface collected), but I am not positive of depth. Thank you in advance.
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Hi All! Whilst in southern Spain I came across these three very interesting fossils (at least I know one of them is) please could you help identify the other two? #1 This shell like fossil was full of rock, which I managed to remove without damaging the shell. #2 I'm not so sure about this one, it has some interesting mineral going through it and the markings which looks like an arrow with a circle at the base are what caught my eye. #3 And the ammonite, correct me if this is wrong. Thanks in advance for any help that can be given 😁
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QUARTETnary - A card game about the geological time scale
paleoflor posted a topic in Members' News & Diversions
L.S., Wanted to raise some awareness on TFF because I expect many here will simply love this: A good friend of mine, Iris van Zelst (geophysicist at the German Aerospace Center in Berlin) has developed this really nice card game centred around the geological time scale: QUARTETnary The gameplay is based on the classic game Quartets (similar to Go Fish and Happy Families), where players try to collect as many sets of four cards as they can. In QUARTETnary, each of the sets represents four major events that took place during a specific geological time period. To win the game, you need to create the most complete timeline of Earth history, all the way from its formation 4.567 billion years ago to the appearance of us humans. The cards have been designed by Lucia Perez-Diaz (Earth scientist and freelance illustrator from the UK). The illustrations look amazing and I really like that they adhered to the official colour scheme of the International Commission on Stratigraphy. Iris sent me this nice set of cards for the Proterozoic: The game includes 15 sets of four cards in total (many featuring fossils): one each for the Hadean, Archean and Proterozoic eons, and one each for the 12 periods of the Phanerozoic. I expect QUARTETnary will become a really fun way to learn about and memorize the different geological units and major events in Earth history. Kind regards, Tim -
Taxonomy from Klug & Kriwet, 2012. Alternative name: Squatina alifera References: Münster, G.G. (1842) Beschreibungen einiger neuen Fische in den lithographischen Schiefern von Bayern. Beiträge zur Petrefactenkunde, 5, 55–64. Underwood, C. J. (2002): Sharks, rays and a chimaeroid from the Kimmeridgian (Late Jurassic) of Ringstead, southern England. – Palaeontology, 45 (2): 297–325. Carvalho, Kriwet & Thies (2008): A systematic and anatomical revision of Late Jurassic angelsharks (Chondrichthyes: Squatinidae). Thies, D. & Leidner, A. (2011): Sharks and guitarfishes (Elasmobranchii) from the Late Jurassic of Europe. Palaeodiversity 4: 63–184; Stuttgart. Klug, S. and Kriwet, J. (2013): An offshore fish assemblage (Elasmobranchii, Actinopterygii) from the Late Jurassic of NE Spain. Palaeontologische Zeitschrift 87(2):235-257.
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A new pliosaur from the Kimmeridgian deposits at Kimmedige has just been revealed to the world! Rumours have been going around about it for some time, but now the source of the rumours has been revealed, and it's spectacular! Belonging to the genus Pliosaurus, to judge from it's age and tooth morphology, it's one of the best preserved - if not best preserved - skull of its kind! https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-67650247?fbclid=IwAR3ukvNzGPSxBdhBp3Z3zrIEJZEbDki1ezYhSrCaLjpYVUIsc_nOGPexuDs
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I was fortunate enough to be able to visit Morocco last year in May and tour the wonderful geology of the country. This will be a very short recap of the experience because frankly there are just too many things to share. For starters, the culture is fantastic. Morocco consists primarily of the Berber people and they are some of the friendliest people I've encountered. Very welcoming and ready to share some tea with you. Tea is by far the most common thing you will drink in country. I'm quite certain there were days that I had tea at least 8 separate times, and the tea was fantastic. If you've never had Moroccan tea then you are missing out (the mint tea in particular is wonderful). The cuisine is beyond amazing, and there honestly wasn't anything in country that I didn't like. Trying to replicate some of the foods has been a challenge (my tagine is getting close), but I suppose that just means I'll need to return some day. The country is also very safe throughout. As a solo female traveler, I felt comfortable at all times and was not concerned. However you should know that few people speak English. The most common languages people know are Arabic, French, and Berber, so there was some language barrier but as with most things, it was doable. My arrival to Morocco began in Marrakech where I was met by my guide who drove me out of the city, through the Tizi n'Tichka mountain pass at 2200m in elevation. Eventually we made our way to Tamdahkte and I stayed at a wonderful riad that was (as I would come to find out) quite open air just as most riads and buildings are in Morocco. On the way we stopped at a salt mine and walked through.
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Neimenggucossus normalis Wang, Zhang & Fang, 2007
oilshale posted a gallery image in Member Collections
From the album: Invertebrates
Neimenggucossus normalis Wang, Zhang & Fang, 2007 Middle Jurassic Daohugou Inner Mongolia PRC-
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Taxonomy from Fossilworks.com. Diagnosis from Liu, Y.s., Sinitshenkova, N.D. & Ren, D., 2009, p. 185: "Adults. Medium-sized stoneflies. Head large, antennae long, prothorax narrow. Wings at rest extending considerably beyond apex of abdomen. In forewings, c–r absent; Rs bifurcating, usually forked at level of Sc apex. M branching slightly distad of Rs fork; m–cu always connecting base of MP with CuA. Crossveins between M and CuA and between CuA and CuP numerous. CuP straight, entering wing margin approximately at level of M fork. Hindwings with four longitudinal veins in anal area. Legs long and thin. First tarsomere long, almost twice as long as second; second tarsomere shorter than third. Cerci short, single-segmented." Line drawing from Liu et al. 2009, p. 189: References: N. D. Sinitshenkova. (1987). Istopicheskoe razvitie vesiyanok. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta 221:1-142. Liu, Y.s., Sinitshenkova, N.D. & Ren, D. (2009). A revision of the Jurassic Stonefly Genera Dobbertiniopteryx Ansorge and Karanemoura Sinitshenkova (Insecta: Plecoptera), with the description of new species from the Daohugou locality, China. Paleontol. J. 43, 183–190. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0031030109020099
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This is a marine reptile bone that i found nearly 10 years ago between Lyme Regis and Charmouth, which is famous for its Early Jurassic marine fossils (about 195 million years old). Although it is worn there is some clear shape that should indicate what bone it is, although i have so far been unable to figure it out. Realistically, it is going to be ichthyosaur (most likely) or plesiosaur in origin. Two ovular depressions/joint surfaces are clearly visible on one side of the bone. Furthermore, the flatness of the bone is real and not just due to wear (both main faces are the edge/surface of the bone). The side with the two suspected joint surfaces is the thickest side, and it slopes down to become progressively thinner opposite to them. A paddle bone of some sort is my suspicion but i am yet to see a clear match. Any ideas? Thanks!
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From the album: Invertebrates
Parakseneura sp Neuroptera Middle Jurassic Callovian - Oxfordian Daohugou Inner Mongolia PRC-
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From the album: Late Jurassic ichthyosaurs from the Volga
Ulyanovsk Oblast, Undory, Volgian, phosphorite-
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From the album: Late Jurassic ichthyosaurs from the Volga
Ulyanovsk Oblast, Undory, Volgian, phosphorite-
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From the album: Late Jurassic ichthyosaurs from the Volga
Ulyanovsk Oblast, Undory, Kimmeridgian, pyrite-
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Allosaurus claw , real or fake ?
Brevicolis posted a topic in Is It Real? How to Recognize Fossil Fabrications
I saw this Allosaurus claw for sale today . I dont know how a real Allosaurus claw looks like , so I wanted to ask If its real or fake . It shows some bone texture at the back , but it looks a bit weird (to me). It was found in Wyoming, where exactly wasnt said . Its from the jurassic period . 11 cm in length .- 7 replies
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