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A rangeomorph holdfast trace fossil from the Ediacara formation, Rawnsley quartzite of the Flinders Range, South Australia. This specimen is Medusina mawsoni, so called because it was until recently thought to be a jellyfish, but is now believed to be the attachment point of a fractal rangeomorph as Charniodiscus is the point of anchorage for Charnia sp. This one may have been the holdfast point for some species of Rangea. The diameter of the outer circle is 1.5 cm and the fossil is estimated to be 555 million years old.
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- fort steele
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- mickwitzia
- chambless limestone
- mickwitzia occidens
- mid-dyeran
- yorkia zafrensis
- yorkia
- nisusia vaticini
- nisusia
- kutorginata
- kutorginate
- lancara formation
- barrios fascies
- spain
- embalse del luna
- leon
- falites fala
- falites
- phosphatocopida
- ctenopyge affinis
- phosphatocopid
- sphaerophthalmus alatus
- ctenopyge
- biwabek
- mary ellen mine
- proterozoic
- biwabek formation
- stromatolite
- collenia
- collenia undosa
- ptychopariida
- cyanobacteria
- jellyfish
- trilobite
- medusina
- south australia
- ellipsocephalus
- lower cambrian
- lingulella davisii
- lingulella
- millard county
- tremadoc
- utah
- late cambrian
- linguella davisii
- upper cambrian
- wales
- ptychagnostus gibbus
- hamatolenus morocanus
- linguella
- czechoslovakia
- ellipsocephalid
- wheeler shale
- ptychagnostus
- prague basin
- slammestadt
- agnostid
- paradoxides series
- morocco
- hamatolenus
- middle cambrian
- norway
- czech republic
- ethmocyathus
- cambrian
- jince formation
- medusinites
- archaeocyathid
- rangeomorph
- california
- holdfast
- parabolina
- ediacaran
- australia
- parabolina spinulosa
- peltura beds
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Taxonomy from Fossilworks,org. Preliminarily determined by Prof. Dr. Joachim Reitner, Departement of Geobiology, Georg-August-University Göttingen as Vauxiidae (a publication is intended). References: Walcott, C. D. (1920). Middle Cambrian Spongiae. Cambrian Geology and Paleontology IV. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 67(6): 261-365. Luo, C., Zhao, F., & Zeng, H. (2020). The first report of a vauxiid sponge from the Cambrian Chengjiang Biota. Journal of Paleontology, 94(1), 28-33. doi:10.1017/jpa.2019.52 Luo, C., Yang, A., Zhuravlev, A. Y., & Reitner, J. (2021). Vauxiids as descendants of archaeocyaths: a hypothesis. Lethaia, https://doi.org/10.1111/let.12433. Wei, F., Zhou, Y., Chen, A., Hou, X. and Cong, P. (2021). New vauxiid sponges from the Chengjiang Biota and their evolutionary significance. Journal of the Geological Society, Volume 178, https://doi.org/10.1144/jgs2020-162
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- tff-oilshale-po2754
- wulongqing
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Taxonomy from Mindat.org. Diagnosis (Finks & Rigby 2004, p. 28): “Sack-shaped to globular or globose sponges with thin walls of principally vertical, subparallel, monaxial spicules that form tracts around circular canals of at least two sizes; gastral layer a vertical, monaxial thatch that is less perforate; skeleton with weakly developed tufts; marginalia or prostalia absent”. References: Rigby, J. K. and Collins, D. (2004). Sponges of the Middle Cambrian Burgess Shale and Stephen Formations, British Columbia. Royal Ontario Museum Contributions in Science 1:1-155. Finks, R.M. & Rigby, J.K. (2004). Paleozoic Demosponges, 9–175. In KAESLER, R.C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Part E, Vol. 3 (revised). Porifera (Demospongea, Hexactinellida, Heteractinida, Calcarea). 902 pp. Geological Society of America, Kansas. Wang, P.-li.; Zhao, Y.-long.; Yang, X.-lian.; Yang, R.-jun. (2005), Crumillospongia biporosa (sponge) from the early Cambrian Niutitang biota in Guizhou Province. Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica 22(2): 196-201. GARCÍA-BELLIDO, D.C., DIES ÁLVAREZ, M.E., GÁMEZ VINTANED, J.A., LIÑÁN, E. & GOZALO, R. (2011). First report of Crumillospongia (Demospongea) from the Cambrian of Europe (Murero biota, Spain). Bulletin of Geosciences 86(3), 641–650 (5 figures, 1 table). Czech Geological Survey, Prague. ISSN 1214-1119. Zhao, Jun; Li, Yujing; Selden, Paul A.; Cong, Peiyun (2020). New occurrence of the Guanshan Lagerstätte (Cambrian Series 2, Stage 4) in the Kunming area, Yunnan, southwest China, with records of new taxa. Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology, (), 1–13.
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Possible synonyms Protopriapulites haikouensis Hou, Bergström, Wang, Feng & Chen, 1999. The correct name is Sicyophorus rara and not as often found Sicyophorus rarus. Description from Hou et al. 2017, p 124: "This is a relatively common priapulid‐like worm, known from over a thousand specimens. In many cases the material consists of compressed, complete individuals, and the posterior half of the body is often better preserved with an apparently rigid outline. Detailed structures can be detected by subtle differences in color and relief. The size of the animal is generally about 1cm long. The overall body shape is reminiscent of a dumb‐bell, with a sub-equally expanded introvert and posterior trunk connected by a constricted neck region. The introvert bears spine‐like scalids arranged in about 20 longitudinal rows and 14 circlets. The narrower anterior part of the proboscis is protrusive and appears to bear a regular array of tiny spines. The trunk cuticle is apparently more rigid than the introvert, and is covered in a series of 13–15 longitudinal plates divided by dark ridges. The distinct gut is heavily coiled and filled with sediment, almost entirely occupying the ovoid trunk." Line drawing from Hou et al. 2017, p. 124: References: Luo, Huilin, Hu, Shixue, Chen, L., Zhang, S., Tao, Y. (1999). Early Cambrian Chengjiang fauna from Kunming region, China. Yunnan Science and Technology Press, Kunming, pp. 1–189 (in Chinese with English summary). D. Y. Huang, J. Vannier, and J. Y. Chen (2004). Anatomy and lifestyles of Early Cambrian priapulid worms exemplified by Corynetis and Anningvermis from the Maotianshan Shale (SW China). Lethaia 37:21-33. S. Q. Dornbos and J.-Y. Chen (2008) Community palaeoecology of the early Cambrian Maotianshan Shale biota: Ecological dominance of priapulid worms. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 258:200-212. Andreas Maas, Diying Huang, Junyuan Chen, Dieter Waloszek, Andreas Braun (2007). Maotianshan-Shale nemathelminths — Morphology, biology, and the phylogeny of Nemathelminthes. , 254(1-2), 0–306. Hou et al. (2017) The Cambrian Fossils of Chengjiang, China: The Flowering of Early Animal Life, 2nd Edition. Wiley-Blackwell. DOI:10.1002/9781118896372.
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Alternative combination: Alalcomenaeus illecebrosus. Taxonomy from Liu Yu et al. 2007. Diagnosis for Leanchoilia illecebrosa Hou 1987 from Liu Yu et al. 2007, p. 264: "A species of Leanchoilia with rami of ʻgreat appendageʼ with poorly visible distinction between shaft and filament, and with a single hook on the outermost ramus. Body comparatively slim. Rostrum pointed anteriorly, not extended into a snout. Tail piece dagger-shaped." Line drawing from Liu Yu et al. p. 265: References: Hou Xian-Guang (1987) Two new arthropods from Lower Cambrian, Chengjiang, eastern Yunnan. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica 26, 236–256. Liu Yu, Hou Xian-Guang & Bergström, J. (2007) Chengjiang arthropod Leanchoilia illecebrosa (Hou, 1987) reconsidered. GFF, Vol. 129 (Pt. 3, September), pp. 263–272. Stockholm. ISSN 1103-5897. Haug, J.T., Briggs, D.E. & Haug, C. (2012) Morphology and function in the Cambrian Burgess Shale megacheiran arthropod Leanchoilia superlata and the application of a descriptive matrix. BMC Evol Biol 12, 162. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-12-162
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Taxonomy from Vannier et al. (2007, p. 458). Vannier et al. 2006 assume that Tuzoia and the also Cambrian genus Isoxys are possibly representatives of the class Thylacocephala. Revised diagnosis for the genus Tuzoia Walcott, 1912 in Vannier et al. (2007, pp. 458–459): “Large bivalved arthropod (valve length up to approx. 180 mm; Chlupác and Kordule, 2002). Carapace thin, nonmineralized, and relatively flexible, folded dorsally (no true articulated hinge) into two hemispherical valves. Valve outline amplete or slightly preplete/postplete (L:H ratio between 1.3 and 1.6). Straight or slightly convex dorsal margin with or without spines. Anterior and posterior cardinal processes (acp and pcp, respectively) pointed in most species. Acp usually more prominent than pcp and with underlying notch. Posterior margin typically with a mid-posterior spine (mps) and a posteroventral spine (pvs). Angle between dorsal margin and pvs between 20° and 40°, most frequently 30°. In some species, additional small marginal spines (sms) and crenulation, especially ventrally, their length decreasing towards the front. Well-marked to vestigial lateral ridge along the entire length of the valves, usually at mid-distance between dorsal and ventral margin on a direct line with mps. In some species, lateral ridge armed with a series of 7–10 thin and broad-based, probably flimsy, spines (spines projecting almost perpendicular to the sagittal plane of the carapace). Valve surface with well-marked reticulate pattern (size of polygonal fossae decreasing towards lateral ridge, cardinal areas, and along margins). A pair of large, stalked lateral eyes and short antennae protruding through anterior notch. Eye stalks at least three times longer than the eye itself. Gut with possible digestive glands.” General morphology of Tuzoia Walcott, 1912 from Vannier et al. (2007, p. 446): Description of Tuzoia tylodesa by Luo et al., 2006, p. 468: “Bivalved arthropod. Valves hemi-elliptical in lateral view. The holotype is about 15 mm in length and 8 mm in height. The ratio of length / height is 1:0.55. The maximum length and height of each valve of the largest individual is 35 mm and 20 mm. Hinge-line straight, with a triangular process at each end. The anteroventral part expands forward slightly, forming a triangular marginal spine. Posteroventral part straight, bearing serrated spines on the dorsal side. 4-5 short, triangular spines present at the dorsal margin. Lateral ridge strong, convex towards the ventral side. Surface of the two valves are covered by sparse, node-like structure, ranging from 0.5-1.0 mm in diameter.” Identified by oilshale using Luo et al., 2006. References: LUO, H.L., FU, X.P., HU, S.X., LI, Y., CHEN, L.Z., YOU, T. & LIU, Q., (2006): New bivalved arthropods from the early Cambrian Guanshan fauna in the Kunming and Wuding area. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica 45, 460–472. Vannier, J., Chen, J.-Y., Huang, D.-Y. and Wang, X.-Q. (2006): Thylacocephalan arthropods: Their early Cambrian origin and evolutionary significance. Acta Paleontologica Polonica, 51:201–214. Vannier, J., Caron, J.-B., Yuan J.-L., Briggs, D. E. G., Collins, D., Zhao Y.-L., Zhu M.-Y. (2007): Tuzoia: Morphology and Lifestyle of a Large Bivalved Arthropod of the Cambrian Seas. Journal of Paleontology 81 (3), 445–471. Zhao, J., Li, Yujing, Selden, Paul A. and Cong, Peiyun (2020): New occurrence of the Guanshan Lagerstatte (Cambrian Series 2, Stage 4) in the Kunming area, Yunnan, southwest China, with records of new taxa. ALCHERINGA: AN AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF PALAEONTOLOGY, VOL. 44, NO. 3, 343–355 DOI: 10.1080/03115518.2020.1781257. Izquierdo-López A, Caron J-B. (2022): The problematic Cambrian arthropod Tuzoia and the origin of mandibulates revisited. R. Soc. Open Sci. 9: 220933. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.220933.
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Taxonomy from Vannier et al. (2007, p. 458). Vannier et al. 2006 assume that Tuzoia and the also Cambrian genus Isoxys are possibly representatives of the class Thylacocephala. Revised diagnosis for the genus Tuzoia Walcott, 1912 in Vannier et al. (2007, pp. 458–459): “Large bivalved arthropod (valve length up to approx. 180 mm; Chlupác and Kordule, 2002). Carapace thin, nonmineralized, and relatively flexible, folded dorsally (no true articulated hinge) into two hemispherical valves. Valve outline amplete or slightly preplete/postplete (L:H ratio between 1.3 and 1.6). Straight or slightly convex dorsal margin with or without spines. Anterior and posterior cardinal processes (acp and pcp, respectively) pointed in most species. Acp usually more prominent than pcp and with underlying notch. Posterior margin typically with a mid-posterior spine (mps) and a posteroventral spine (pvs). Angle between dorsal margin and pvs between 20° and 40°, most frequently 30°. In some species, additional small marginal spines (sms) and crenulation, especially ventrally, their length decreasing towards the front. Well-marked to vestigial lateral ridge along the entire length of the valves, usually at mid-distance between dorsal and ventral margin on a direct line with mps. In some species, lateral ridge armed with a series of 7–10 thin and broad-based, probably flimsy, spines (spines projecting almost perpendicular to the sagittal plane of the carapace). Valve surface with well-marked reticulate pattern (size of polygonal fossae decreasing towards lateral ridge, cardinal areas, and along margins). A pair of large, stalked lateral eyes and short antennae protruding through anterior notch. Eye stalks at least three times longer than the eye itself. Gut with possible digestive glands.” General morphology of Tuzoia Walcott, 1912 from Vannier et al. (2007, p. 446): Identified by oilshale using Luo et al., 2006. References: P’an, K., (1957): On the discovery of Homopoda from South China. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica 5, 523–526. LUO, H.L., FU, X.P., HU, S.X., LI, Y., CHEN, L.Z., YOU, T. & LIU, Q., (2006): New bivalved arthropods from the early Cambrian Guanshan fauna in the Kunming and Wuding area. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica 45, 460–472. Vannier, J., Caron, J.-B., Yuan J.-L., Briggs, D. E. G., Collins, D., Zhao Y.-L., Zhu M.-Y. (2007): Tuzoia: Morphology and Lifestyle of a Large Bivalved Arthropod of the Cambrian Seas. Journal of Paleontology 81 (3), 445–471. Zhao, J., Li, Yujing, Selden, Paul A. and Cong, Peiyun (2020): New occurrence of the Guanshan Lagerstatte (Cambrian Series 2, Stage 4) in the Kunming area, Yunnan, southwest China, with records of new taxa. ALCHERINGA: AN AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF PALAEONTOLOGY, VOL. 44, NO. 3, 343–355 DOI: 10.1080/03115518.2020.1781257. Izquierdo-López A, Caron J-B. (2022): The problematic Cambrian arthropod Tuzoia and the origin of mandibulates revisited. R. Soc. Open Sci. 9: 220933. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.220933
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From the album: Invertebrates
Diandongia pista Rong, 1974 Early Cambrian Series 2, Stage 3 Haikou Kunming County Yunnan China Lit.: Zhang, Z.-F., et al. (2003). Pediculate Brachiopod Diandongia pista from the Lower Cambrian of South China. Acta Geologica Sinica, Vol.77, Number 3. Zhifei Zhang, Jian Han, Yang Wang, Christian C. Emig, Degan Shu (2009) Epibionts on the lingulate brachiopod Diandongia from the Early Cambrian Chengjiang Lagerstätte, South China. Proc. R. Soc. B (2010) 277, 175–181. Zhifei Zhang, Jian Han, Z Xingliang Zhang, Jianni Liu, Degan Shu (2003) Pediculate Brachiopod Diandongia pista from the Lower Cambrian of South China. Acta Geologica Sinica. Vol. 77, No 3., pp 288-293.-
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From the album: Invertebrates
Guangweicaris spinatus Luo, Fu & Hu, 2007 Early Cambrian Wulongqing Formation Palaeolenus Zone Guanshan Fauna Guangwei Kunming Yunnan PRC Lit. Hu, S X. Zhu, M Y. Steiner M. et al. Biodiversity and taphonomy of the Early Cambrian Guanshan biota, eastern Yunnan. Sci China Earth Sci, 2010, 53: 1765-1773. Luo Huilin; Fu Xiaoping; Hu Shixue; Li Yong; Hou Shuguang; You Ting; Pang Jiyuan; Liu Qi (2007): A New Arthropod,Guangweicaris Luo,Fu et Hu gen. nov. from the Early Cambrian Guanshan Fauna,Kunming,China. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2007, 81(1):1-7.-
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References: Zhang, Z.-F., et al. (2003). Pediculate Brachiopod Diandongia pista from the Lower Cambrian of South China. Acta Geologica Sinica, Vol.77, Number 3. Zhifei Zhang, Jian Han, Yang Wang, Christian C. Emig, Degan Shu (2009) Epibionts on the lingulate brachiopod Diandongia from the Early Cambrian Chengjiang Lagerstätte, South China. Proc. R. Soc. B (2010) 277, 175–181. Zhifei Zhang, Jian Han, Z Xingliang Zhang, Jianni Liu, Degan Shu (2003) Pediculate Brachiopod Diandongia pista from the Lower Cambrian of South China. Acta Geologica Sinica. Vol. 77, No 3., pp 288-293.
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Isoxys minor, Vetulicolia longboashanensis and Palaeolenus lantenoisi.jpeg
MarcusFossils posted a gallery image in Member Collections
From the album: Chengjiang Fossils
Three Chengjiang critters all together where they died roughly 519 million years ago: - Isoxys minor - Vetulicolia longboashanensis - Palaeolenus lantenoisi.- 1 comment
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- kunming
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