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Found 23 results

  1. Massive solar storm hit earth 14,300 years ago (near the end of the Pleistocene). Timing confirmed by subfossil trees in France and ice cores in Greenland. The solar storm appears to correlate with the start of a period of rapid cooling known as the Older Dryas. News article: https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2023/10/11/largest-solar-storm-research-earth/ Journal article: https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsta.2022.0206
  2. Study of mud cores from Lake Victoria suggests diversification of cichlid fish led to their success by Bob Yirka , PhysOrg, October 6, 2023 The open access paper is: Ngoepe, N., Muschick, M., Kishe, M.A., Mwaiko, S., Temoltzin-Loranca, Y., King, L., Courtney Mustaphi, C., Heiri, O., Wienhues, G., Vogel, H. and Cuenca-Cambronero, M., 2023. A continuous fish fossil record reveals key insights into adaptive radiation. Nature, pp.1-6. Published Oct. 4, 2023 Yours, Paul H.
  3. Dear paleofriends I found bone material in a cave in the Yucatan. Its age is estimated at the Late Pleistocene/Early Holocene boundary. I know it's a fibula, its length 37 cm. Could you help me identify? Thanks Kind regards
  4. The era between the Miocene and Pliocene (23-2.3 Million Years ago) was, like the Carboniferous era 300 Million Years before, a golden age for the Chondricthyans. Not only was there a massive explosion in the diversity of grey sharks, but there was the emergence of perhaps the largest number of large macropredatory shark genera (sharks greater than 3 meters (10 feet) in length) currently known in Earth's geologic history. This includes the Giant Thrasher Shark Alopias grandis (which grew up to 13 meters (feet) in length) and the famous Carcharocles (Otodus) megalodon (which grew up to 17 meters (55 feet) in length). https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.abm9424 But this golden era of the giant macro predatory sharks wouldn't last, for between 3.8-2.4 Million Years ago there was an extinction event of large marine fauna that killed at least 14% of large marine fauna genera, including Carcharcoles (Otodus) megalodon. Though it's not entirely clear what caused this extinction event (some have hypothesized it could've been a mild gamma ray burst), C.megalodon's decline was due to the closing of the Isthmus of Panama by 4.5 Million Years ago (an area that was a C.megalodon nursery), a decline in diatoms that caused a decline in the food sources of many whales like Cetothere whales including Cetotherium (a known food source of C. megalodon), and Competition with the recently emerged Great White Shark (Carcharodon carcharias) and Orcas (Orcinus). By the extinction events end, most of the Miocene's large predatory sharks were extinct. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6377595/ https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0084857 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318160879_The_Pliocene_marine_megafauna_extinction_and_its_impact_on_functional_diversity https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsbl.2020.0746 But there was a few genera that survived the extinction event 3.6-2.4 Million Years ago and lived long after it. These surviving taxon (likely surviving due to relying on different food sources then other large sharks of the miocene-pliocene) lived previously alongside C. megalodon and some survived up to at least the early Pleistocene (120,000-100,000 years ago). Here's a list of the large (non Great White Shark (Carcharodon carcharias)) macropredatory sharks of the late Pliocene-Early Pleistocene (If I'm missing any examples, let me know and I'll quickly add them). Hemipristis serra (Hemigaleidae, grew up to 3-5 meters (10-16 feet) in length) (Miocene-Pleistocene (Pleistocene strongholds: What is now Indonesia, Taiwan, South Carolina (U.S.), Alabama (U.S.), and Florida (U.S.)), 23.03-0.012 Million Years ago) Reconstruction 1 and 2 Image by artist @Tetrtophoneus, Image credit: https://www.deviantart.com/teratophoneus/art/Hemipristis-serra-871902574 Image by artist @HodariNundu (the two sharks below and next to the juvenile C.megalodon at the middle top are adult Hemipristis serra), Image credit: https://www.deviantart.com/hodarinundu/art/Mobbing-Meg-885731702 http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=83182 https://www.fossilguy.com/gallery/vert/fish-shark/hemipristis/hemipristis.htm https://www.researchgate.net/publication/364591134_A_previously_overlooked_highly_diverse_early_Pleistocene_elasmobranch_assemblage_from_southern_Taiwan Parotodus benedeni (Otodontidae, grew up to 7.6 meters (24.9 feet) in length) (Oligocene-Pleistocene (Pleistocene strongholds: What is now South Carolina (U.S.)), 33.9-0.012 Million Years ago) Reconstructions 1 and 2 Image by artist @imAdro, Image credit: https://www.deviantart.com/imadro/art/Parotodus-benedeni-908901669 Image by artist @SameerPrehistorica, Image credit: https://www.deviantart.com/sameerprehistorica/art/Parotodus-Size-882947974 http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=389883 https://www.petit-fichier.fr/2013/01/27/kent-b-w-1999-taille-parotodus-benedenii/? https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337937278_2019-canevet-a-review-of_the-extinct-genus-Parotodus https://www.app.pan.pl/archive/published/app63/app004542018.pdf http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=collectionSearch&taxon_no=389883&max_interval=Quaternary&country=United States&state=South Carolina&is_real_user=1&basic=yes&type=view&match_subgenera=1 https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/paleobiology/article/chondrichthyan-fossil-record-of-the-florida-platform-eocenepleistocene/2835CCEC27DC8EE0B24A5B62B1416618 Cosmopolitodus hastalis (Lamnidae, grew up to 5-7 meters (16.4-22.9 feet) in length) (Oligocene-Pleistocene (Pleistocene strongholds: What is now Japan, South Carolina (U.S.), Alabama (U.S.), and Florida (U.S.)), 30-0.012 Million Years ago) Reconstruction Image by artist @artbyjrc, Image credit: https://www.deviantart.com/artbyjrc/art/Going-to-need-a-bigger-boat-Lamnid-sharks-837971394 http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=265174 https://actapalrom.geo-paleontologica.org/Online_first/Chan_Cosmopolidus_planus.pdf Note: Cosmopolitodus hastalis was an ancestor to the extant Great White Shark (Carcharodon carcharias), along with living alongside the Great White Shark (Carcharodon carcharias) between the Miocene-Pleistocene. However, Cosmopolitodus hastalis’s being a member of the genus Carcharodon has yet to be confirmed). I hope you all find this helpful?
  5. darrow

    Large Felid Radius?

    The long bone fragment is unlike any others I’ve collected but with both ends missing this is proving difficult for me to identify. I see some resemblance to the Smilodon radius on the University of Michigan Online Repository linked below, hoping someone can conform or steer me in the right direction. UMORF Viewer (umich.edu)
  6. Dereynes

    Late Pleistocene Iowa #4

    This was another find close to the others. I have seen similar bones like this one, that are listed as stag moose? I haven’t been doing this long enough to know which animal...
  7. geomorph

    Bones

    Hello, found on a glacial fluvial outwash plateau in eastern Washington state, probably around late Pleistocene/early Holocene. They were found next to each other and appear to fit together.
  8. Dereynes

    Late Pleistocene Mammals,Iowa

    My son and I went fossil hunting last weekend and here are our findings. The most recognizable is the mammoth tooth.
  9. I found this today. Same sand bar all the others were found. I’m really not sure what this is but think I should be excited?...
  10. Dereynes

    Late Pleistocene, Iowa tooth

    Found this guy today. A tooth but from what?my first guess is bison? Second, perhaps a stag moose or other large herbivore. I did find this near some of the bison finds.
  11. Not sure what this might be, but I thought is was the most intriguing find of the day. Beautiful patina, weighty for its size. Very old?
  12. Ramon

    Enamel piece?

    Hello, I recently found this object at the beach in Bolivar Peninsula, Tx. The fossils from the beach are washing out of an offshore late pleistocene deposit, probably from the Beaumont formation. I picked it up thinking it was some shell fragment, but it looks to me like it might be some enamel from a tooth. It has shades of colors bright orange, reds, and tints of blue and grey. Let me know what y’all think about it. Top side Top side revealing the texture patterns which look like they’ve been eroded. Bottom side (there seems to be a layer of a different material on top the of the “enamel”)
  13. Yesterday I took a short trip to Crystal Beach, Bolivar Peninsula, TX. I found plenty of tumbled fossilized bone fragments, but this one caught my eye. I have no idea as to what it could be from, but if I had to guess it might be some bone from a fish. Maybe one of the many knowledgeable forum members can help me out. It is very thin, no more than 3 mm, and about 2 cm in length. It probably comes from an offshore deposits of the late Pleistocene, Beaumont Formation, which has been known to produce mammal remains and shark teeth.
  14. The Jersey Devil

    NJ Possible Mastodon Find

    Hey everyone, I have this possible Mastodon tooth “cone” from NJ. I know it is a fossil, meaning it’s got to be Cretaceous or Pleistocene because of the area it was found in, and it really doesn’t look like any Cretaceous bone I’ve seen from here. That shiny inner stuff on the inside (the concave side) of the item reminds me of enamel; it led me to conclude that this is a partial “cone” of a mastodon tooth. I don’t know much at all about mammals, but it appears that the shiny stuff is what’s left of the enamel/cementum/whatever it’s called that would have been on the inside of the cone. That inside part also has cracks running lengthwise and an uneven surface. The outside layer (on the more convex side) of the possible mastodon tooth cone seems pretty worn away and may have had a whole entire layer of enamel covering it before the wear. It’s about 1.5 inches. @non-remanié This possible remain will most likely look significantly different than fragments from other states because NJ’s preservation is usually different. I’m going to tag some members that I think are experienced with Mastodon remains from other states. @Harry Pristis @PrehistoricFlorida @Shellseeker @digit @jcbshark @Gatorman @RickNC Thanks guys!
  15. Dear Guys, Few months ago I found this partial tibia that is 20 cm length and has less protuberant central ridge than auroch or horse. The other interesting feature is oblong shallow pit in the side of central ridge and also smooth surface of plain bone part when horses have horizontal wrinkles of bone and bison or auroch has longitudinal waves in the same surface part. The frontal protuberant ridge, its low height and visible oblong pit in the side makes me think it should belong to camel but the only camel genus of European Pleistocene is Paracamelus that is found in Romania. If anyone knows Pleistocene mammals well and has comparative material, please help to confirm this bone or identify as another taxon. Any help will be very appreciated! Best Regards Domas
  16. Ramon

    What is this??

    Hi, I found this small fossilized bone, about 6 months ago in southern Galveston Island. I haven’t been able to ID what animal it came from. The geology of the area is from the Late Pleistocene (100,000-11000 years ago) Beaumont formation. I have found fossilized turtle shell fragments, and fossilized crab claws in the same location. It measures just about 1 cm in length and width. Any idea as to what is is? Front side Back side
  17. From the album: MY FOSSIL Collection - Dpaul7

    Mammoth Tooth - Mammuthus columbi SITE LOCATION: West Point, Cumings County, Nebraska TIME PERIOD: Late Pleistocene - (About 25 thousand years old) Data: The Columbian mammoth (Mammuthus columbi) is an extinct species of mammoth that inhabited North America as far north as the northern United States and as far south as Costa Rica during the Pleistocene epoch. It was one of the last in a line of mammoth species, beginning with M. subplanifrons in the early Pliocene. The Columbian mammoth evolved from the steppe mammoth, which entered North America from Asia about 1.5 million years ago. The pygmy mammoths of the Channel Islands of California evolved from Columbian mammoths. The closest extant relative of the Columbian and other mammoths is the Asian elephant. Columbian mammoths had four functional molar teeth at a time, two in the upper jaw and two in the lower. About 23 cm (9.1 in) of the crown was within the jaw, and 2.5 cm (1 in) was above. The crown was pushed forward and up as it wore down, comparable to a conveyor belt. The teeth had separated ridges of enamel, which were covered in "prisms" directed towards the chewing surface. Wear-resistant, they were held together with cementum and dentin. A mammoth's molars were replaced five times over the animal's lifetime. The first molars were about the size of those of a human, 1.3 cm (0.51 in); the third were 15 cm (5.9 in) long, and the sixth were about 30 cm (1 ft) long and weighed 1.8 kg (4 lb). With each replacement, the molars grew larger and gained more ridges; the number of plates varied between individuals. Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Proboscidea Family: Elephantidae Genus: †Mammuthus Species: †columbi
  18. From the album: MY FOSSIL Collection - Dpaul7

    Mammoth Tooth - Mammuthus columbi SITE LOCATION: West Point, Cumings County, Nebraska TIME PERIOD: Late Pleistocene - (About 25 thousand years old) Data: The Columbian mammoth (Mammuthus columbi) is an extinct species of mammoth that inhabited North America as far north as the northern United States and as far south as Costa Rica during the Pleistocene epoch. It was one of the last in a line of mammoth species, beginning with M. subplanifrons in the early Pliocene. The Columbian mammoth evolved from the steppe mammoth, which entered North America from Asia about 1.5 million years ago. The pygmy mammoths of the Channel Islands of California evolved from Columbian mammoths. The closest extant relative of the Columbian and other mammoths is the Asian elephant. Columbian mammoths had four functional molar teeth at a time, two in the upper jaw and two in the lower. About 23 cm (9.1 in) of the crown was within the jaw, and 2.5 cm (1 in) was above. The crown was pushed forward and up as it wore down, comparable to a conveyor belt. The teeth had separated ridges of enamel, which were covered in "prisms" directed towards the chewing surface. Wear-resistant, they were held together with cementum and dentin. A mammoth's molars were replaced five times over the animal's lifetime. The first molars were about the size of those of a human, 1.3 cm (0.51 in); the third were 15 cm (5.9 in) long, and the sixth were about 30 cm (1 ft) long and weighed 1.8 kg (4 lb). With each replacement, the molars grew larger and gained more ridges; the number of plates varied between individuals. Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Proboscidea Family: Elephantidae Genus: †Mammuthus Species: †columbi
  19. From the album: MY FOSSIL Collection - Dpaul7

    Mammoth Tooth - Mammuthus columbi SITE LOCATION: West Point, Cumings County, Nebraska TIME PERIOD: Late Pleistocene - (About 25 thousand years old) Data: The Columbian mammoth (Mammuthus columbi) is an extinct species of mammoth that inhabited North America as far north as the northern United States and as far south as Costa Rica during the Pleistocene epoch. It was one of the last in a line of mammoth species, beginning with M. subplanifrons in the early Pliocene. The Columbian mammoth evolved from the steppe mammoth, which entered North America from Asia about 1.5 million years ago. The pygmy mammoths of the Channel Islands of California evolved from Columbian mammoths. The closest extant relative of the Columbian and other mammoths is the Asian elephant. Columbian mammoths had four functional molar teeth at a time, two in the upper jaw and two in the lower. About 23 cm (9.1 in) of the crown was within the jaw, and 2.5 cm (1 in) was above. The crown was pushed forward and up as it wore down, comparable to a conveyor belt. The teeth had separated ridges of enamel, which were covered in "prisms" directed towards the chewing surface. Wear-resistant, they were held together with cementum and dentin. A mammoth's molars were replaced five times over the animal's lifetime. The first molars were about the size of those of a human, 1.3 cm (0.51 in); the third were 15 cm (5.9 in) long, and the sixth were about 30 cm (1 ft) long and weighed 1.8 kg (4 lb). With each replacement, the molars grew larger and gained more ridges; the number of plates varied between individuals. Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Proboscidea Family: Elephantidae Genus: †Mammuthus Species: †columbi
  20. From the album: MY FOSSIL Collection - Dpaul7

    Mammoth Tooth - Mammuthus columbi SITE LOCATION: West Point, Cumings County, Nebraska TIME PERIOD: Late Pleistocene - (About 25 thousand years old) Data: The Columbian mammoth (Mammuthus columbi) is an extinct species of mammoth that inhabited North America as far north as the northern United States and as far south as Costa Rica during the Pleistocene epoch. It was one of the last in a line of mammoth species, beginning with M. subplanifrons in the early Pliocene. The Columbian mammoth evolved from the steppe mammoth, which entered North America from Asia about 1.5 million years ago. The pygmy mammoths of the Channel Islands of California evolved from Columbian mammoths. The closest extant relative of the Columbian and other mammoths is the Asian elephant. Columbian mammoths had four functional molar teeth at a time, two in the upper jaw and two in the lower. About 23 cm (9.1 in) of the crown was within the jaw, and 2.5 cm (1 in) was above. The crown was pushed forward and up as it wore down, comparable to a conveyor belt. The teeth had separated ridges of enamel, which were covered in "prisms" directed towards the chewing surface. Wear-resistant, they were held together with cementum and dentin. A mammoth's molars were replaced five times over the animal's lifetime. The first molars were about the size of those of a human, 1.3 cm (0.51 in); the third were 15 cm (5.9 in) long, and the sixth were about 30 cm (1 ft) long and weighed 1.8 kg (4 lb). With each replacement, the molars grew larger and gained more ridges; the number of plates varied between individuals. Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Proboscidea Family: Elephantidae Genus: †Mammuthus Species: †columbi
  21. From the album: MY FOSSIL Collection - Dpaul7

    Mammoth Tooth - Mammuthus columbi SITE LOCATION: West Point, Cumings County, Nebraska TIME PERIOD: Late Pleistocene - (About 25 thousand years old) Data: The Columbian mammoth (Mammuthus columbi) is an extinct species of mammoth that inhabited North America as far north as the northern United States and as far south as Costa Rica during the Pleistocene epoch. It was one of the last in a line of mammoth species, beginning with M. subplanifrons in the early Pliocene. The Columbian mammoth evolved from the steppe mammoth, which entered North America from Asia about 1.5 million years ago. The pygmy mammoths of the Channel Islands of California evolved from Columbian mammoths. The closest extant relative of the Columbian and other mammoths is the Asian elephant. Columbian mammoths had four functional molar teeth at a time, two in the upper jaw and two in the lower. About 23 cm (9.1 in) of the crown was within the jaw, and 2.5 cm (1 in) was above. The crown was pushed forward and up as it wore down, comparable to a conveyor belt. The teeth had separated ridges of enamel, which were covered in "prisms" directed towards the chewing surface. Wear-resistant, they were held together with cementum and dentin. A mammoth's molars were replaced five times over the animal's lifetime. The first molars were about the size of those of a human, 1.3 cm (0.51 in); the third were 15 cm (5.9 in) long, and the sixth were about 30 cm (1 ft) long and weighed 1.8 kg (4 lb). With each replacement, the molars grew larger and gained more ridges; the number of plates varied between individuals. Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Proboscidea Family: Elephantidae Genus: †Mammuthus Species: †columbi
  22. From the album: MY FOSSIL Collection - Dpaul7

    Mammoth Tooth - Mammuthus columbi SITE LOCATION: West Point, Cumings County, Nebraska TIME PERIOD: Late Pleistocene - (About 25 thousand years old) Data: The Columbian mammoth (Mammuthus columbi) is an extinct species of mammoth that inhabited North America as far north as the northern United States and as far south as Costa Rica during the Pleistocene epoch. It was one of the last in a line of mammoth species, beginning with M. subplanifrons in the early Pliocene. The Columbian mammoth evolved from the steppe mammoth, which entered North America from Asia about 1.5 million years ago. The pygmy mammoths of the Channel Islands of California evolved from Columbian mammoths. The closest extant relative of the Columbian and other mammoths is the Asian elephant. Columbian mammoths had four functional molar teeth at a time, two in the upper jaw and two in the lower. About 23 cm (9.1 in) of the crown was within the jaw, and 2.5 cm (1 in) was above. The crown was pushed forward and up as it wore down, comparable to a conveyor belt. The teeth had separated ridges of enamel, which were covered in "prisms" directed towards the chewing surface. Wear-resistant, they were held together with cementum and dentin. A mammoth's molars were replaced five times over the animal's lifetime. The first molars were about the size of those of a human, 1.3 cm (0.51 in); the third were 15 cm (5.9 in) long, and the sixth were about 30 cm (1 ft) long and weighed 1.8 kg (4 lb). With each replacement, the molars grew larger and gained more ridges; the number of plates varied between individuals. Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Proboscidea Family: Elephantidae Genus: †Mammuthus Species: †columbi
  23. From the album: MY FOSSIL Collection - Dpaul7

    Mammoth Tooth - Mammuthus columbi SITE LOCATION: West Point, Cumings County, Nebraska TIME PERIOD: Late Pleistocene - (About 25 thousand years old) Data: The Columbian mammoth (Mammuthus columbi) is an extinct species of mammoth that inhabited North America as far north as the northern United States and as far south as Costa Rica during the Pleistocene epoch. It was one of the last in a line of mammoth species, beginning with M. subplanifrons in the early Pliocene. The Columbian mammoth evolved from the steppe mammoth, which entered North America from Asia about 1.5 million years ago. The pygmy mammoths of the Channel Islands of California evolved from Columbian mammoths. The closest extant relative of the Columbian and other mammoths is the Asian elephant. Columbian mammoths had four functional molar teeth at a time, two in the upper jaw and two in the lower. About 23 cm (9.1 in) of the crown was within the jaw, and 2.5 cm (1 in) was above. The crown was pushed forward and up as it wore down, comparable to a conveyor belt. The teeth had separated ridges of enamel, which were covered in "prisms" directed towards the chewing surface. Wear-resistant, they were held together with cementum and dentin. A mammoth's molars were replaced five times over the animal's lifetime. The first molars were about the size of those of a human, 1.3 cm (0.51 in); the third were 15 cm (5.9 in) long, and the sixth were about 30 cm (1 ft) long and weighed 1.8 kg (4 lb). With each replacement, the molars grew larger and gained more ridges; the number of plates varied between individuals. Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Proboscidea Family: Elephantidae Genus: †Mammuthus Species: †columbi
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