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  1. oilshale

    Holosteus mariae (Menner 1948)

    Menner described this species, under the generic name of Pavlovichthys, from the Lower Khadum deposits of the Caucasus. Taxonomy from paleobiodb.org. Diagnosis for the genus Holosteus from Danil'chenko 1960 p. 40: “Body length about 8-12 times the height; head length 2-3 times body height. Snout long, conical. Lower jaw articulated with quadrate in front of the orbit, and bearing sharp flat teeth: small anteriorly, larger in the posterior region. Premaxilla long, thin, fringing the entire length of the jaw. Vertebrae 70-90. Ribs thin, long. Trunk vertebrae with bifurcated neurapophyses. Intermuscular ossicles well developed. Dorsal and anal fin situated in posterior part of body; anal starting in front of vertical from beginning of dorsal. Pelvic fins wide, with numerous rays. Several free, rayless interapophyses behind the occiput, the anterior of them with small bony plates. Caudal stem thin. Caudal fin separated from anal and dorsal by small interval. Caudal fin rays surrounding the urostyle. Though retaining the main characteristics of the Paralepididae, Holosteus differs from all recent genera of the family in the position of the dorsal fin, which is displaced backward behind the beginning of the anal, in the wide pelvic fins and in the marked development of intermuscular ossicles.” Line drawing from Danil'chenko 1969, p. 41: Identified by oilshale using Danil'chenko 1969. References: Agassiz L. (1835) Recherches Sur Les Poissons Fossiles. Tome IV (livr. 4). Imprimerie de Petitpierre, Neuchatel 33-52. MENNER W. W. (1948) Ichtiofauna maikopskikh otlozheniy Kavkaza. Trudy Instit. Geol Nauk, vyp. 98, 30: 51–62. Danil'chenko P. G. (1960) Bony fishes of the Maikop deposits of the Caucasus. Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta 78:1-247. KOTLARCZYK, J.; JERZMAÑSKA, A.; OEWIDNICKA, E.; WISZNIOWSKA, T.(2006): A FRAMEWORK OF ICHTHYOFAUNAL ECOSTRATIGRAPHY OF THE OLIGOCENE–EARLY MIOCENE STRATA OF THE POLISH OUTER CARPATHIAN BASIN. Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae (2006), vol. 76: 1–111.
  2. oilshale

    Trachinus minutus (Jonet, 1958)

    Taxonomy from Fossilworks.com. The occurrence of Trachinus minutus is limited to the lower part of the IPM2 zone, which has been delineated within the frame of the biostratigraphic fish zonation in the Polish Oligo-Miocene sediments by Kotlarczyk and Jerzmańska 2006. Diagnosis from Jerzmańska 1968, p. 453 (translated from french by oilshale):” Preopercule with 5 spines, one of them longer. Operculum with 2 spines. 30-31 vertebrae. In the first dorsal 6 spines, in the second 18-20 rays. Anal with 22-23 rays.” Line drawing from Prikryl 2017, p. 77: Identified by oilshale using Přikryl 2017. References: Jonet, S. (1958): Contributions à l’étude des schistes disodyliques oligocènes de Roumanie. La fauna ichthyologique de Homorâciu District de Prahova. Sociedade Tipográfica, Lda, Lisboa, 112 pp. Jerzmańska, A. (1968) Ichtyofaune des couches a menilite (flysch des Karpathes). – Acta Palaeontol. Pol., 13(3): 379-487. Pharisat, A. (1991): La paleoichthyofaune du Rupelian marin de Froidefontaine. – Ann. Sci. Univ. Fr.-Comté, Besançon, Geol., 4(11): 13-97. Kotlarczyk, J., Jerzmańska, A., Świdnicka, E., Wiszniowska, T. (2006) A framework of ichthyofaunal ecostratigraphy of the Oligocene-Early Miocene strata of the Polish Outer Carpathian basin. – Ann. Soc. Geol. Pol., 76: 1-111. Přikryl, T. (2009) A juvenile Trachinus minutus (Pisces, Perciformes, Trachinidae) from the Middle Oligocene of Litenčice (Moravia, Czech Republic). Acta Musei Nationalis Pragae Series B Historia Naturalis 65(1-2):3-8. Přikryl, T. (2017) Notes on development of the Oligocene trachinid Trachinus minutus ( Jonet, 1958). Palaeontographica Abteilung a -Stuttgart- 308(1-3):69-87.
  3. Taxonomy from Fossilworks.com Diagnosis from Danil'chenko 1960, p. 29: "Trunk height equal to length of 24-26 midlength vertebrae. Ventral profile of body rises sharply, almost at right angle at beginning of caudal region, where the body height decreases to approximately one half. Body height in vertical with anterior ray of anal fin corresponding to only 35-40% of the maximum body height and equal to the length of 10-11 vertebrae. Maximum body height 1.5 times head length; latter equal to the length of 15-16 anterior vertebrae. Mouth slit oblique, forming angle of 50-60° with the longitudinal body axis. Upper jaw composed of short premaxilla and long, posteriorly widened maxilla, which is somewhat curved ventrally and reaches the vertical from the eye center. Lower jaw wide, slightly protruding forward with respect to the upper, connected with quadrate opposite the eye center. Teeth small on both jaws but larger on maxilla than on premaxilla and dentary. Parasphenoid thin, bent sharply upward posteriorly, projecting below the orbit. Preopercular narrow, straight dorsally, ventrally bent at right angle forward, forming short horizontal branch which almost reached the posterior edge of the upper jaw. Opercular narrower than orbital diameter. Vertebrae short, almost square, with slight median constriction. Ribs 7-8 pairs, from 3-4 to 10 vertebrae inclusively. Ribs large, slightly curved, almost square, very long, ending just above the ventral margin, ventrally joined by wide bony plates. Length of rib from middle part of trunk region equal to about 65% of the length of the vertebral column. Trunk neurapophyses deflected slightly backward, firmly united with the solid interapophyses of the first dorsal fin. Neural spines of anterior part of caudal region lanceolate in form, almost perpendicular to the axis of the vertebral column. Lanceolate widening more conspicuous in hemapophyses of anterior part of caudal region of vertebral column between the 1st and 10th caudal vertebrae; here the hemapophyses are united by the lateral edges, and their acute ventral ends reach the interapophyses of the anal fin. Neurapophyses of anterior part of caudal region normal in structure, deflected backward at an angle of 40 — 50° to the vertebral column." Line drawing from Danil'chenko 1960, p. 30: Identified by oilshale using Jerzmanska 1968. References: Cosmovici, L. C. & Paucã, M., (1943) Ein neuer fossiler Fisch mit erhaltenen Leuchtorganen: Argyropelecus cosmovicii sowie Erwägungen der Ablagerung der Menilitschiefer. Bulletin de la Section Scientifique Académie Roumaine, 26: 271–280. Danil'chenko, P. G., (1960) Bony fishes of the Maikop deposits of the Caucasus. Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta 78:1-247. Jerzmanska, A., (1968) Ichtyofaune des couches a ménilite (flysch des Karpathes). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 13(3):379-488. Kotlarczyk, J., Jerzmañska, A., Swidnicka, E. & Wiszniowska, T. (2006) A framework of ichthyofaunal ecostratigraphy of the Oligocene–Early Miocene strata of the Polish Outer Carpathian basin. Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae, 76: 1–111.
  4. oilshale

    Oligophus moravicus (Pauca, 1931)

    Alternative combinations: Diaphus moravicus and Leuciscus moravicus. Taxonomy according to Fossilworks.org. Description of Oligophus moravicus according to Přikryl et al. 2017, pp. 219-220: “The following description is based on the almost complete specimen Tv 1023a and its counterpart specimen Tv 1023b. They show a preorbital length much shorter than orbit diameter. The head is rounded, with an antero-dorsally oriented mouth. The lower jaw joint is located far posterior to the posterior-most margin of the orbit. The maxillary is slender throughout. There is no indication of a supramaxilla. The cleithrum seems to be delicate without well-developed posterior lamina. The vertebral column is not completely preserved in any of the specimens, but the total number of vertebrae seems to be 34 or 35. Remains of ventral procurrent rays are recognizable and therefore the vertebral number cannot have been much higher; about 16 centra are abdominal. Nine pairs of ribs are preserved. The pectoral fins are long, reaching the level of the posterior third of the abdomen, and are composed of about 13 rays. The pelvic fins are located below the dorsal-fin insertion and consist of seven or eight rays; the pelvic girdle is inadequately preserved. The dorsal fin is located at midlength of the body length and is composed of slightly more than 11 rays. The anal fin contains 12 or 13 rays. The body is covered by cycloid scales. The individual photophores are slightly thickened and although the complete photophore formula is not recognizable, a reconstruction of the preserved part shows the pattern reported in Figs. 3 and 4. The fish is slightly distorted midventrally, so that the photophores of the right side area appear to be located higher than on the left side (colour-coded in Fig. 3). The photophores appear to be lens-like. There are faint indications of two photophores just above and below the pectoral-fin base which could represent the PLO and the upper PVO. The four rear PO are preserved, with PO4 being slightly elevated. Five VO, none of them elevated, and three SAO are clearly discernable, the three SAO being located on a straight upward directed line. The AO sequence is apparently incomplete posteriorly and appears to be separated in an anterior and a posterior part. Other photophores are not clearly recognizable. The inner faces of both the saccular otoliths of the specimens Tv 1023a and Tv 1023b are exposed (Fig. 5A, B). The overall outline of the otolith is moderately elongate with a long rostrum, a depressed predorsal rim, a strongly developed and far backward positioned postdorsal angle, a blunt posterior rim and a regularly bent ventral rim. The length to height ratio of the otolith is 1.2 to 1.3. The ventral rim bears 7 strong denticles. The length of the rostrum is about 15% of the otolith length; excisura and antirostrum are weak. The inner face shows a slightly supramedian positioned sulcus with the ostium being longer but slightly narrower than the cauda. The ratio between the length of ostium and cauda is 1.3-1.5. A ventral pseudocolliculum is well developed below the caudal colliculum. The dorsal field bears a large dorsal depression; the ventral field shows a distinct ventral furrow at some distance from the ventral rim of the otolith. The inner face is nearly flat. The outer face is exposed in the specimen Tv 1025 and is distinctly convex and smooth with a postcentral umbo.” Line drawing of Oligophus moravicus from Přikryl et al, 2017, p. 220. Identified by oilshale using Přikryl et al. 2017. References: Pauca, M. (1931): Zwei Fischfaunen aus den oligozaenen Menilitschifern von Mähren. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 46: 147-152. Prokofiev, A. M. (2006): Fossil Myctophoid Fishes (Myctophiformes: Myctophoidei) from Russia and Adjacent Regions. Journal of Ichthyology 46 (Suppl. 1): S38-S83. DOI: 10.1134/S0032945206100043 Gregorova, R. (2004): A new Oligocene genus of lanternfish (family Myctophidae) from the Carpathian Mountains. Revue de Paléobiologie, Genève 9: 81-97. Přikryl, T., Schwarzhans, W., Kovalchuk, O. (2017): Lanternfishes (Myctophidae) with otoliths in situ from the Early Oligocene of the Eastern Paratethys (western Ukraine). Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen 285 (2): 213-225. https://doi.org/10.1127/njgpa/2017/0678
  5. oilshale

    Propteridium sp.

    Very probably Propteridium profondae Ciobanu, 1970. Taxonomy according to Přikryl, 2018. From Fahay, 2007, p. 649: “The order Ophidiiformes (sensu Cohen and Nielsen 1978; Nielsen et al., 1999) contains the suborders Bythitoidei, viviparous forms with an external intromittent organ, and Ophidioidei, oviparous forms with pelvic fins at level of preopercle or farther anterior, and caudal fin confluent with dorsal and anal fins.” Description of Propterides profondae according to Přikryl and Carnevale, 2018, p. 482: “The head is more or less triangular in shape; its length is contained about four times in SL. The cranial bones are difficult to recognize due to inadequate preservation. The ethmoid region is thick and expanded. The vomer is edentulous. The orbit is rather large; its diameter equals the snout length. The frontals are expanded posteriorly, becoming narrow in the orbital region. The mouth gape is slightly oblique and extends posteriorly at the level of the midlength of the orbit. The premaxilla is poorly preserved and bears a single row of tiny and well-spaced teeth. The maxilla is distally expanded and spatulate. The lower jaw protrudes anteriorly beyond the anterior margin of the upper jaw. The lower jaw joint is located at the level of the midlength of the orbit. The dentary is relatively low. The dentary teeth seem to be similar to those of the upper jaw. There are eight branchiostegal rays. The vertebral column consists of approximately 47 (12 abdominal plus 35 caudal) vertebrae. The vertebral centra are rectangular, longer than high, becoming smaller and more elongate posteriorly. The five posterior abdominal vertebrae bear large and approximately triangular parapophyses with distally pointed tips (Fig. 6A). Pointed dorsal prezygapophyses are well-developed throughout the vertebral column, whereas ventral prezygapophyses solely characterize the caudal centra (Fig. 6B, C). There are about seven pairs of ribs, of which the posterior rib is associated with the penultimate abdominal vertebra (Fig. 6A). Fragments of intermuscular bones are also preserved; however, their original number and relative position is difficult to interpret. The median fins and their internal supports are only partially preserved. The caudal fin and its skeletal support are not preserved. The preserved portion of the dorsal fin originates above the seventh or eighth abdominal vertebra, although it seems to be slightly displaced from its original position. About 50 dorsal-fin rays can be recognized, although their original number was certainly higher. The size and limits of the anal fin can be recognized, but due to inadequate preservation it is not possible to interpret the actual number of anal-fin rays and the morphology and configuration of the anal-fin pterygiophores. The dorsal-fin rays appear to be longer than their opposite anal-fin rays. The pectoral fin contains about 17 elongated rays that extend posteriorly beyond the tenth abdominal vertebra. The structure of the pectoral girdle is unclear. The pelvic fins are thoracic and contain two filamentous rays. The basipterygia are not recognizable. Thin and small cycloid scales are preserved in caudal region of the body (at the level of the vertebrae 20th to 23th).” Identified by T. Přikryl (Institute of Geology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic) as Propteridium sp. References: Fahay, M. P. (2007): Early stages of fishes in the Western North Atlantic Ocean: Davis Strait, Southern Greenland and Flemish Cap to Cape Hatteras. Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada, 1696 p. Arambourg, C. (1967): Les Poissons oligocénes de lʼIran. Notes et mémoires sur le Moyen-Orient 8, 9–247. Ciobanu, M. (1970): Date noi asupra peştilor fosili din Oligocenul dela Piatra Neamţ (II). Studii şi Cercetari 1, 67–90. Ciobanu, M. (1977): Fauna Fosila din Oligocenul de la Piatra Neamt. 1-159. Přikryl, T. & Carnevale, G. (2018): Ophidiiform fishes from the Oligocene–early Miocene of Moravia, Czech Republic. Bulletin of Geosciences 93(4), 477–489 (12 figures, 3 tables). Czech Geological Survey, Prague. ISSN 1214-1119. https://www.doi.org/10.3140/bull.geosci.1724
  6. oilshale

    Propercarina sp.

    Probably Propercarina cf. rebeli Pauca, 1929. Alternative name: Palimphyes cf. rebeli (Pauca, 1929). Taxonomy according to Fossilworks.org. Diagnosis for the genus Propercarina according to Prikryl et al., 2014, p. 693: “Emended diagnosis (according to Pauca, 1929, 1934 and Bannikov, 1995, 2010, modified): Body elongated. Dorsal and ventral edges of body are almost parallel and they run alongside the axis of the vertebral column; the body is covered by small cycloid scales; the lateral line is parallel to the dorsal edge of the body and runs just dorsal to the vertebral column; massive but short preorbital area (snout); mouth gap is moderate; jaws possess teeth; ventral edge of the preopercle smooth; the postcleithrum is massive and long (almost reaching the ventral profile of body); three predorsals; two separated dorsal fins (first with six to nine spines; second with one spine and numerous posteriorly shortened soft rays); the dorsal fins are separated by about 5 or 6 ray-less interneurals; anal fin with two short spines and numerous soft rays; anal-fin rays more numerous than soft dorsal-fin rays; pectoral fins are relatively short and situated just under the level of the vertebral column; pelvic fins with a spine and 5 rays, located under pectoral fins, present in adults; caudal fin is moderately long and forked; 35–36 rectangular vertebrae with the posterior abdominal ones bearing long parapophyses with associated thin and long ribs.” Line drawing from Bannikov, 1995, p. 179. Identified by T. Prikryl (Institute of Geology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic) as Propercarina sp. References: Bannikov A.F. 1995. Morphology and phylogeny of fossil stromateoid fishes (Perciformes). Geobios 28 (Supplement 2): 177–181. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-6995(95)80109-X Prikryl, T., Kania, I., and Krzeminski, W. (2016): Synopsis of fossil fish fauna from the Hermanowa locality (Rupelian; Central Paratethys; Poland): current state of knowledge. Swiss Journal of Geosciences, 109 (3): 429–443. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00015-016-0216-5 Prikryl, T., Bannikov, A. F., Gradianu, I., Kania, I., Krzeminski, W. (2014): Revision of the family Propercarinidae (Perciformes, Stromateoidei) with description of a new species from the Oligocene of the Carpathians. Comptes Rendus Palevol 13(8) 691-700. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crpv.2014.07.001
  7. Taxonomy from Fossilworks.org. Diagnosis from Jerzmanska 1968, p. 417: "41-43 vertebrae. The second dorsal ray begins 1-2' vertebrae behind the end of the first. The first ray of the anal under the first rays of the second dorsal. The second dorsal and anal are three vertebrae apart from the anal." References: A. Jerzmanska (1968) Ichtyofaune des couches a ménilite (flysch des Karpathes). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 13(3):379-488
  8. oilshale

    Myripristis sorbinii Bannikov, 1988

    Taxonomy from Fossilworks.org. Line drawing by Bannikov 1987, p. 101: Identified by A. Bannikov, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia. References: A. F. Bannikov (1987) First discovery of holocentrid fishes (Beryciformes) in the Miocene of the Caucasus. Paleontological Journal 21(1):96-104
  9. The subfamily of the deep-sea hatchetfish (Sternoptychinae) comprises three recent genera with a total of about 40 species and occurs worldwide in almost all tropical and temperate seas: Argyropelecus with about 7 species, Polyipnus with about 32 species and Sternoptyx with currently 4 species. The Sternoptychinae have a deep-bellied, laterally strongly flattened shape; the body shape reminds somewhat of a hatchet. The height of the recent species is between 3 cm and 12 cm. The body is covered with delicate silvery scales; in some species parts of the body are transparent. Sternoptychidae can produce light with organs called photophores, of which they have between 3 and 7 – usually 6 – on the branchiostegal membrane along the lower edge of the chest and belly. Taxonomy according to Prokofiev 2010. Originally described by Jerzmanska (1960) under the name Polyipnus sobnioviensis, the fish was transferred to the newly created genus Jerzmanskaephos by Prokofiev in 2010. Expanded diagnosis after Prokofiev 2010: "A small fish - maximum known SL [standard length] up to 45 mm. Body is deep in the area of the pectoral girdle (2.5-3.0 times in SL) and rapidly decreases towards caudal peduncle. Orbit is approximately half of head length, and interorbital space is narrow. Maxillae are bent in the middle part at the almost right angle, and its posterior part is narrow; mandibular joint is situated under the anterior edge of orbit or slightly behind it; symphysis of mandible is small and without prominences; jaws have small, needle -like teeth. Suspensorium is inklined forward; urohyale is small. Bones of skull and pectoral girdle are not sculptured...." Line drawing from Prokofiev 2010, p. 591 Identified by oilshale. Reference: JERZMAÑSKA, A. (1960) Ichthyofauna from the Jasło Shales of Sobniów. ACTA PALAEONTOLOGICA POLONICA Vol. V, No. 4, pp. 367—432. KOTLARCZYK, J.; JERZMAÑSKA, A.; OEWIDNICKA, E.; WISZNIOWSKA, T. (2006) A FRAMEWORK OF ICHTHYOFAUNAL ECOSTRATIGRAPHY OF THE OLIGOCENE-EARLY MIOCENE STRATA OF THE POLISH OUTER CARPATHIAN BASIN. Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae, vol. 76: 1-111. PROKOFIEV, A. M. (2010) Two new genera of Oligocene Stomiiformes. Journal of Ichthyology. 50, 590–595.
  10. oilshale

    Scomber voitestii Pauca, 1929

    Taxonomy from Fossilworks.org. Diagnosis from Monsch & Bannikov 2012, p. 274: "First and second dorsal fin separated by distance slightly longer than base of first dorsal. Fourteen precaudal vertebrae. Haemal spine 1 comparatively strongly thickened and curved (but not posteriorly hooked, see Weiler 1933, Text-fig. 4). Anal fin with 11–13 rays." References: Pauca, M. (1929) Vorläufige Mitteilung über eine fossile Fischfauna aus den Oligozänschiefern von Suclânesti (Muscel). Acad. Roum. Sect. Sci. Bull. v. 12, p. 112-121. Monsch, Kenneth A. and Bannikov, Alexandre F. (2012) New taxonomic synopses and revision of the scombroid fishes (Scombroidei, Perciformes), including billfishes, from the Cenozoic of territories of the former USSR, Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 102, 253–300, (for 2011).
  11. oilshale

    Ammodytes antipai Pauca 1929

    References: Danil'chenko, P. G. (1960) Bony fishes of the Maikop deposits of the Caucasus. Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta 78:1-247 Jerzmanska, A. (1968) Ichtyofaune des couches a ménilite (flysch des Karpathes). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 13(3):379-488
  12. Upper anterior tooth Lit.: Bieńkowska-Wasiluk, M. and Radwański, A. 2009. A new occurrence of sharks in the Menilite Formation (Lower Oligocene) from the Outer (Flysch) Carpathians of Poland. Acta Geologica Polonica, 59 (2), 235–243. M. Szabo, L. Kocsis 2016: A preliminary report on the Early Oligocene (Rupelian, Kiscellian) selachians from the Kiscell Formation (Buda Mts, Hungary), with the re-discovery of Wilhelm Weiler’s shark teeth. Fragmenta Palaeontologica Hungarica, 33, pp 31-64.
  13. oilshale

    Scophthalmus stamatini Paucă, 1931

    Taxonomy from Baciu & Chanet 2002. Diagnosis from Baciu & Chanet 2002, p. 22 (translated from French by oilshale): "Sinister flatfish, the vertebral column is composed of 35-36 vertebrae of which 11 precaudal vertebrae and 24-25 caudal vertebrae; the ventral branches of the pelvic bones extend anteriorly and support the pelvic fins each composed by 6 soft rays; the dorsal fin is composed by 68-70 soft rays, segmented, of which 8-9 rays are simple, supracranial and unbranched; the anal fin has 52-54 segmented rays; the body is covered by small ctenoid scales." Line drawing by Baciu % Chanet 2002, p. 25: Identified by oilshale using Baciu & Chanet 2002. References: Baciu, D. S. and Chanet, B. (2002) Les Poissons plats fossiles (Teleostei: Pleuronectiformes) de l'Oligocène de Piatra Neamt (Roumanie). Oryctos 4:17-38. Miclăuş Crina, Loiacono F., Puglisi D., Baciu D.S. (2008) Eocene-Oligocene Depositional Systems In The Northern Cratonic Margin of the Paratethys: A Study Case From The Vrancea Nappe (Eastern Carpathians, Romania). Bulletin of the Tethys Geological Society, Cairo, Vol. 3, 81-90.
  14. oilshale

    Hemithyrsites rumanus (Jonet, 1958)

    References: Kotlarczyk, J., Jerzmanska, A., Swidnicka, E. & Wiszniowska, T. (2006) A framework of ichthyofaunal ecostratigraphy of the Oligocene–Early Miocene strata of the Polish Outer Carpathian basin. Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae, 76: 1–111.
  15. oilshale

    Scophthalmus stamatini PAUCA, 1931

    From the album: Vertebrates

    Scophthalmus stamatini PAUCA, 1931 Oligocene Menilite Formation Jamna Dolna Poland
  16. oilshale

    Eophycis jamnensis Jerzmanska, 1968

    Like Palaeogadus, Eophycis is a member of the Gadiformes (including the cod and its allies). Eophycis differs from Palaeogadus by the continuous dorsal fin; Palaeogadus has two dorsal fins separated by a gap. References: A. Jerzmanska (1968) Ichtyofaune des couches a ménilite (flysch des Karpathes). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 13(3):379-488. Tomáš Přikryl (2015): Skeletal anatomy of the early morid fish Eophycis (Gadiformes, Moridae) from an Oligocene deposit in Poland. Comptes Rendus Palevol 14(8):625-635.
  17. oilshale

    Properca sabbae PAUCA, 1929

    From the album: Vertebrates

    Properca sabbae PAUCA, 1929 Oligocene Menilite Formation Jamna Dolna Poland Length 1.5cm
  18. Taxonomy from Jerzmanska 1968. Diagnosis from Jerzmanska 1968, p. 437: "Cristae inferiores of the precaudal part do not merge with cristae inferiores of the tail. The latter, however, join cristae mediae of the precaudal part. 16-18 rings in precaudal part and about 19 in tail. In caudal part - 8 rays." Line drawing from Přikryl et al., p. 565. References: Jerzmanska.A (1968). Ichtyofaune des couches a ménilite (flysch des Karpathes). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 13(3):379-488. Přikryl, T., Krzeminski, W., Kania I. (2011): New information about the anatomy of a peculiar fish of the genus Hipposyngnathus Daniltshenko, 1960. Comptes Rendus Palevol, Volume 10, Issue 7, October 2011, Pages 559–566. Přikryl, T., Kania, I. and Krzeminski, W. (2016) Synopsis of fossil fish fauna from the Hermanowa locality (Rupelian; Central Paratethys; Poland): current state of knowledge. Swiss Journal of Geoscience [M. Uhen/M. Uhen]
  19. From the album: Vertebrates

    Hipposyngnathus neriticus Jerzmanska, 1968 Menilite Formation Oligocene Jamna Dolna Poland
  20. Photo of the recent Aeoliscus striatus, taken from the Wikipedia article "Schnepfenmesserfische", photo of the author Haplochromis (Jan. 2014) References: Jerzmanska, A. (1968) ICHTYOFAUNE DES COUCHES A MÉNILITE (FLYSCH DES KARPATHES). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. Vol 23, 3, pp 379-488, tab 1-7. Nickolay Parin & Norbert Micklich (1996) Fossil gasterosteiformes from the lower oligocene of Frauenweiler (Baden-Württemberg, Germany) I. New information on the morphology and systematics of the genusAeoliscus Jordan &Starks 1902. Paläontologische Zeitschrift, 1996, Volume 70, Number 3-4, Page 521-545 Photo of the recent Aeoliscus striatus, taken from the Wikipedia article "Schnepfenmesserfische", photo of the author Haplochromis (Jan. 2014)
  21. oilshale

    Repropca sabbai (Pauca, 1929)

    This species was originally described by Pauca 1929 as Properca sabbae; In the newer literature the spelling P. sabbai is used alternatively. The genus Properca was established by Sauvage for two species from France. Based on morphological differences, Bannikov created in 1991 the new genus Repropca and transferred Properca sabbai to this genus. Diagnosis for the genus Repropca from Bannikov 1991, p. 116: "Perooids with moderately elongated body and single dorsal fin, notched at boundary between rigid and soft parts. Spinous part of dorsal fin higher and longer than soft part, containing about 13 spines, third and fourth the longest. Two predorsal bones present. Anal fin with three spines (middle being thickest) and usually seven or eight soft rays. Gill cover (operculum) spinous: lower part of praeoperculum with four to six thick spines, posterior margin of operculum having two spines. Vertebrae 30—31 in number, 18 of them postabdominal. Tail skeleton of primitive percoid type; caudal fin forked. Scales small. References: Sauvage, H. E., (1880) Notice sur les poissons tertiaires de Céreste (Basses Alpes). Bull. Soc. Geol. France, 3 set., T. 8, pp. 439-452. M. Pauca (1929) Vorläufige Mitteilung über eine fossile Fischfauna aus den Oligozänschiefern von Sulanesti, Muscel. Academia Romana 12(4-5):26-34. Jerzmanska A. (1968) Ichtyofaune des couches a ménilite (flysch des Karpathes), Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 13 3, 379-488. Bannikov, A. F. (1991) A New Family of Oligocene Perciform Fishes. Paleontological Journal Vol. 25(4):88-94.
  22. oilshale

    Antigonia sp.

    From the album: Vertebrates

    Antigonia sp. Menilite Formation Oligocene Jamna Dolna Bieszczady County Poland
  23. oilshale

    Portunus oligocenicus PAUCA, 1929

    Reference: A. Jerzmanska (1967): Crabs of the genus Portunus Weber from the Menilite Series of the Carpathians. ANNALES DE LA SOClETE GEOLOGIQUE DE POLOGNE. Vol. 37, 1967, pp. 539-545
  24. oilshale

    Holocentroides moldavicus PAUCA, 1931

    Holocentroides moldavicus PAUCA, 1931 = Africentrum moldavicum (PAUCA, 1931) References: KOTLARCZYK, J.; JERZMAÑSKA, A.; OEWIDNICKA, E.; WISZNIOWSKA, T.(2006): A FRAMEWORK OF ICHTHYOFAUNAL ECOSTRATIGRAPHY OF THE OLIGOCENE–EARLY MIOCENE STRATA OF THE POLISH OUTER CARPATHIAN BASIN. Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae (2006), vol. 76: 1–111.
  25. oilshale

    Kotlarczykia bathybia JERZMANSKA, 1974

    Taxonomy from Fossilworks.org. Diagnosis from Jerzmanska 1974, p. 282: "Head long. The snout with a short premaxilla and a long curved maxilla. The upper jaw and the mandible with big conical teeth and with minute teeth in the interspaces: The lower jaw prominent. There are 34 vertebrae, iricluding 19 caudal. The sharf dorsal fin opposite to the beginning of the long anal. The pectoral fins lie low on the side of the abdomen. Origin of short pelvic fins near the anal fin. The trunk short. The distance from the basis of the pectoral fins to the beginning of the anal shorter than the length of the head. The caudal fin forked. A single series of large photophores." Identified by oilshale using Jerzmanska 1974. References: JERZMANSKA, A.(1974): KOTLARCZYKIA BATHYBIA Gen. n., Sp. n. (TELEOSTEI) FROM THE OLIGOCENE OF THE CARPATHIANS. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 281-289; pls. 23-24
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