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  1. https://www.cnn.com/2023/12/08/americas/tyrannosaur-fossil-discovery-scn/index.html https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.adi0505
  2. ThePhysicist

    Juvenile Tyrannosaurus rex Tooth

    Identification Though smaller than many imagine T. rex teeth to be, this is indisputably one. It is characteristically robust, and has chisel-shaped denticles with similar denticle densities on each carina.1 Those qualities support its identification as a Tyrannosaurid, and with the locality information confirming it originated from the Hell Creek formation, this must be T. rex. Comments Like most isolated theropod teeth, this is a shed tooth, likely lost during feeding.2 This specimen has exquisite preservation with the enamel texture sharply retained as in life. It however has minor weathering with possible feeding wear at the tip, light root etching, and the base of the tooth has been lightly smoothed possibly by tumbling in an ancient river (enamel is harder so it wouldn't have weathered as much as other portions of the tooth). References 1. Smith, Joshua B. “Heterodonty in Tyrannosaurus Rex: Implications for the Taxonomic and Systematic Utility of Theropod Dentitions.” Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, vol. 25, no. 4, 2005, pp. 865–87. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/4524513. 2. Fiorillo, Anthony R., and Philip J. Currie. “Theropod Teeth from the Judith River Formation (Upper Cretaceous) of South-Central Montana.” Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, vol. 14, no. 1, 1994, pp. 74–80. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/4523546.
  3. ThePhysicist

    Juvenile T. rex tooth

    From the album: Hell Creek / Lance Formations

    Interesting blue color near the base, and some feeding wear at the tip of this immature Tyrannosaurid tooth.
  4. Mochaccino

    Is this a T. rex tooth?

    Hello, Wondering if this is T.rex? Or Nano? It measures 1.25 inches and is said to be from the Hell Creek Fm. of South Dakota, no county unfortunately. The base doesn't seem 100% complete but from what is there I don't think is has the expected "pinch" of a Nano. Thoughts? Thanks.
  5. Tidgy's Dad

    T. rex's Arms.

    https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20221025-why-did-t-rex-have-such-puny-arms
  6. ThePhysicist

    Worn T. rex tooth (annotated)

    From the album: Hell Creek / Lance Formations

    Not the prettiest tooth, but I very much enjoy fossils like this that demonstrate behavior and tell a story. T. rex and other Tyrannosaurs were unusual among theropods in that they consumed the entire carcass of an animal - bones and all. Most theropod dinosaurs have ziphodont teeth, thin and knife-like, good for cutting muscle from bone. The thick and robust teeth of adult Tyrannosaurs, coupled with their incredible bite force, allowed them to shatter and pulverize bone - even those of the large, formidable herbivores they hunted. Despite the robustness of their teeth, Tyrannosaurs often broke them in the process of biting. It may have been a while before the broken tooth was replaced by a new one, so in the meantime, the broken tooth would continue to accumulate wear. This is one such tooth, a large portion of the tooth was broken off when the animal bit into another dinosaur, and it was still used afterwards for some time before it was replaced. Based on the placement and extension of the carinae to the base of the tooth, and the size, this was an anterior tooth (at the front of the mouth, probably the first dentary tooth) of an adult individual. See Schubert & Ungar (2005) for a discussion on Tyrannosaur tooth wear features (open-access).
  7. ThePhysicist

    Worn T. rex tooth

    From the album: Hell Creek / Lance Formations

    Not the prettiest tooth, but I very much enjoy fossils like this that demonstrate behavior and tell a story. T. rex and other Tyrannosaurs were unusual among theropods in that they consumed the entire carcass of an animal - bones and all. Most theropod dinosaurs have ziphodont teeth, thin and knife-like, good for cutting muscle from bone. The thick and robust teeth of adult Tyrannosaurs, coupled with their incredible bite force, allowed them to shatter and pulverize bone - even those of the large, formidable herbivores they hunted. Despite the robustness of their teeth, Tyrannosaurs often broke them in the process of biting. It may have been a while before the broken tooth was replaced by a new one, so in the meantime, the broken tooth would continue to accumulate wear. This is one such tooth, a large portion of the tooth was broken off when the animal bit into another dinosaur, and it was still used afterwards for some time before it was replaced. Based on the placement and extension of the carinae to the base of the tooth, and the size, this was an anterior tooth (at the front of the mouth, probably the first dentary tooth) of an adult individual. See Schubert & Ungar (2005) for a discussion on Tyrannosaur tooth wear features (open-access).
  8. I know I've been aware of a few papers published several years indicating that T. rex wasn't just a classic scavenger but also an active hunter when it came to preying on herbivorous dinosaurs, and we all know that humans will get food poisoning if they eat raw meat. However, what enzymes did Tyrannosaurus rex have to help it consume the meat of dead individuals of herbivorous dinosaurs like Edmontosaurus annectens and Triceratops?
  9. ThePhysicist

    Juvenile T. rex tooth

    From the album: Hell Creek / Lance Formations

    A young T. rex tooth. The preservation of the enamel is fantastic, and I like the dark hues. The serrations are also in great shape. There is some minor feeding wear on the tip.
  10. ThePhysicist

    T. rex tooth chunk

    From the album: Hell Creek / Lance Formations

    For most collectors, it's more affordable to have a piece of a T. rex tooth if you just want it represented. This one is clearly T. rex: it's theropod with serrations (this one has the basalmost portion of the mesial carina), very thick, and clearly would've had a large circumference. Note also the large angle made by the curvature of the tooth at the carina (not Nanotyrannus which have narrow, blade-like teeth).
  11. While watching Eyewitness Virtual Reality Dinosaur Hunter, I learned that the T. rex specimen found by Kathy Wankel in Montana in 1988 had its neck stretched out in rigor mortis when it died. However, does anyone know of any other known dinosaur specimens that are known to have had their necks stretched out in rigor mortis after death?
  12. I am a university student studying T. rex, so of course, I ran into the Nanotyrannus debate. People have been arguing about Nanotyrannus being valid, but there's a huge problem: No adult specimen. Unless someone has an adult, or even a subadult, specimen of Nanotyrannus (over 15 years old), it isn't a real genus. This is why I am here. I know people collect fossils and post pics of them on here, so I'm willing to see what people may, or may not, have. My question is: Does anybody have an adult Nanotyrannus specimen? In simpler terms, does anybody have a Nanotyrannus femur larger than 70 cm ("Jane's" and "Petey's" are over 70 cm)? Or a tibia about 90 cm or larger ("Jane's" and "Petey's" are 80-something cm, from what I've seen)? A fibula would work too. I'm willing to give the pro-Nano side a chance here. I'm in contact with a couple of paleontologists, some on the pro-Nano side and some on the anti-Nano side, and if anybody has any hind limb bones of a supposed Nano, then may I please see a pic of it? This is the only way you can prove that Nano exists. Teeth and hand claws will not cut it. As far as I'm concerned, all Nano teeth and hand claws are juvenile T. rex teeth, and T. rex claws. I'm asking for hindlimb bones only. Skull bones would do fine as well. Try to prove that tooth loss does not occur in T. rex ontogeny by providing pics of a maxilla or dentary. NO teeth, only a dentary or a maxilla. I'm not expecting anybody to give me anything of substance, but I wanted to give this a shot to see if I would be proven wrong. I'm being harsh because, if Nano exists, then there should be an adult specimen. All specimens are juveniles, no questions asked. Therefore, the genus does not exist. The only adult specimens of any tyrannosaurid that coexisted with Nano is T. rex, therefore Nano is a juvenile. It's just that simple. Prove me wrong though. Let me reiterate: Pics of femurs, tibias (even fibulas), maxillas, and dentaries, are what I'm after. If we can get a cross-section of a Nano femur, or tibia, and get an age estimate of 17 or older, or has extensive Haversian remodeling, then I'll believe that the genus exists, along with the majority of other paleontologists. Let's see how this goes!
  13. I read somewhere in a paper by Jack Horner, that G-Rex was said to be around 16 years old when it died using bone histology. In the same paper it said that it was shown by LAG intervals that G-Rex would've continued to grow for 2-3 more years had it not died. This means that the infamous G-Rex was a sub-adult. Jack Horner's Paper: http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.515.6451&rep=rep1&type=pdf This got me curious on how big exactly was G-Rex? What was its height, length, and weight? I tried googling the answers for these but to not avail as people seldom mention G-Rex all that often and there are no skeletal models or mounted skeletons. Can someone tell me why this is? And what is the true size of G-Rex.
  14. A new "T-Rex" tooth just showed up on our favorite site. It is not a Tyrannosaurus rex tooth however but a more common and far cheaper Carch tooth. We know this because of its more blade-like morphology, its slender profile, its shape, its smaller denticles and the sand on the base I already notice multiple bids on it and I have no doubt the price would escalate as many hopeful collectors would try their hands on getting a cheap T-Rex tooth for themselves. For anyone looking to buy a true T. rex tooth, there are several factors to take note of: 1) Thickness - T. rex had crushing teeth, hence the teeth are thick. They are meant to crunch through bone 2) Locality - T. rex teeth in the market commonly comes from the Hell Creek Formation and Lance Formation. These two formations are found in Montana, Dakota and Wyoming. If a tooth originates from Africa or Morocco, it cannot be a T. rex tooth 3) Price - T. rex teeth command a premium price. Even a small tooth an inch long may cost 500 USD or more. A 2.5 inch tooth would easily be 2k USD. While exceptions do occur, if a deal seems too good to be true, then you should be extremely wary 4) Source - Make sure you get your T. rex tooth from a reputable source. By that, I don't mean a seller with a high feedback score or someone who prints you a "cert of authenticity". I mean a seller who has a history of collecting or selling Hell Creek/Lance Formation material. Better yet, get it from someone who digs there 5) Morphology - Educate yourself on the differences between T. rex, Carch, Spino, Daspletosaurus and other large theropod teeth. That way, you can immediately spot inconsistencies such as serrations or colors that does not match a T. rex tooth 6) Cross section - If all else fails, look at the cross section. If the tooth has red sandy matrix or sand, it is most likely not T. rex but is more likely from Morocco Here, I will show an example of a red T. rex tooth that superficially resembles the Carch tooth above. Take a look at the thickness and cross section though and you would quickly realize both teeth have very different morphologies Getting an authentic T. rex tooth isn't cheap, nor will it be easy. But it will be worth it in the end when you finally obtain one. Good luck in your hunt and always feel free to ask TFF if you are unsure of an upcoming purchase
  15. heZZ

    Nice tooth?

    Is this a good tooth or does it have any restoration, something wrong abou it? Hell Creek Formation, Jordan, Montana.
  16. Hi All I am open to trading my following theropod teeth. I have attached a couple of images of each teeth along with info on the size and locality etc. Please PM me for more info and images/offers if interested. EDIT - I am after other theropod teeth in return Paul
  17. Hello everyone! Since I live close to the Smithsonian Natural History Museum, D.C., I thought I would go through and give you all a tour of the new fossil hall specimens. Due to the size of the museum, I decided to only focus on the dinosaur fossils. If anyone would like, in the future I can go back to get some pictures of the mammalian and invertebrate fossils as well. Also, due to file size, this will take a little while to add everything in (additional comments) despite the fact I have substantially reduced/cropped all the images. Thanks, hope you enjoy! ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Here is a view of the main area: ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Giant flightless bird Diatryma gigantea Lived 55-53 MYA Willwood Formation, Big Horn Co., Wyoming ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Early roller Primobucco mcgrewi Lincoln Co., Wyoming ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ?Gruiformes indet. Lincoln Co., Wyoming ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Dromaeosaurid dinosaur Saurornitholestes langstoni 78-77 MYA Oldman Formation, Alberta, Canada ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Giant Sauropod Armor (osteoderm) Titanosauria indet. 90-84 MYA Ankazomihaboka Formation, Madagascar ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Pachycephalosaurian dinosaur Stegoceras validum 77-76 MYA Dinosaur Park Formation, Alberta, Canada
  18. PrehistoricWonders

    Large Dino bone

    Hi, I bought this bone unprepared a few weeks ago and was wondering if anyone had any idea of what type of bone it is and what it came from?(it was identified as a T-Rex gastralia by the seller)
  19. Hi I decided to make this since the new Tyrannosaur from Alberta’s Foremost Formation, Thanatotheristes deerootorum has just been named and described. Enjoy!! Tyrannosaur bearing Formations in Canada: Formations in Alberta but most of the Formations on my list are I Alberta anyway. Horseshoe Canyon Formation 74-68 million years ago, Alberta: Albertosaurus sarcophagus, possibly Daspletosaurus sp. but no compelling evidence so far. Oldman Formation 78.2-77 million years ago, Alberta: Daspletosaurus torosus, Gorgosaurus sp. Foremost Formation 80.5-78.2 million years ago, Alberta: Thanatotheristes deerootorum, possibly Gorgosaurus sp. Milk River Formation 84.5-83.4 million years ago, Alberta: Tyrannosaur. indet could be a species of Thanatotheristes, possibly Gorgosaurus sp. Scollard Formation 68-66 million years ago, Alberta: T. rex, possibly Nanotyrannus Formations in British Columbia: Wapiti Formation 76.8-70 million years ago, Alberta, British Columbia: Unknown Albertosaurinae either Gorgosaurus or Albertosaurus, possibly Daspletosaurus sp. Tumbler Ridge 135-74 million years ago, British Columbia: Tyrannosaur. indet Formations in Saskatchewan and Manitoba: Dinosaur Park Formation 77-75.5 million years ago, Alberta, Saskatchewan: Daspletosaurus sp., Gorgosaurus libratus Frenchmen Formation, 68-66 million years ago, Saskatchewan: T. rex, possibly Nanotyrannus Bearpaw Formation 75-72 million years ago, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba: Daspletosaurus sp. one specimen from Daspletosaurus sp. that drowned. For now these are all the Tyrannosaurs known from Canada. No Eastern Tyrannosaurs in Canada yet either but maybe someday. I will also update this and add as more information comes available.
  20. New Studies Of elastin, collagen, actin in T Rex soft tissues reported. They were even able to raise antibodies to the proteins! https://m.phys.org/news/2019-11-mechanisms-soft-tissue-protein-tyrannosaurus.html
  21. Scylla

    T.Rex Skull News

    Cool story bro... https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-49595680
  22. Dracarys

    T Rex tooth?

    I am obtaining this tooth that was collected in 1980s and found originally in S Dakota and is 3 1/2 inches. The person only identified it as dinosaur tooth. Here are the pictures. It looks like Trex right? Thanks in advance.
  23. Dracarys

    Nano vs T. rex?

    I have two similar sized teeth that were both from Hell Creek. One is a large nano tooth (left) but the other may be T. rex? The one on the right certainly is fatter. Thoughts? Thanks
  24. mattman10

    Tyrannosaur Vertebra?

    Just looking for a little help identifying a hell creek vertebra. The individual I purchased it from said it was likely a Tyrannosaur cervical vertebra (probably rex rather than a nano vertebra due to its size). Based on its shape and the fact it's very light, I'm fairly confident their identification is correct. Any help would be much appreciated
  25. After the Velociraptor skull, I finally finished another very long project: the baby T. rex skull designed by Inhuman Species, a 3D printed museum quality fossil replica of a 2-3 years old Tyrannosaurus rex. I really love this project and I made a video of the making from the 3D printing to the painting - I hope you like it. If you're wondering, I 3D printed the skull with the Alfawise U30 in PLA plastic; please watch the video and turn on subtitles to learn more about the tools and the making processes. If your're addicted or interested in 3D printing, you can't miss those topics:
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