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Showing results for tags 'volcanism'.
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Mega El Niño instigated the end-Permian mass extinction
Oxytropidoceras posted a topic in Fossil News
New research reveals how El Niño caused the greatest ever mass extinction by University of Bristol, PhysOrg, September 12, 2024 Y. Sun et al. Mega El Niño instigated the end-Permian mass extinction. Science. Vol. 385, September 13, 2024, p. 1189. doi: 10.1126/science.ado2030 Yours, Paul H.-
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- El Niño
- El Niño events
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Simetite (Costa dell’Ambra, Lower to Middle Miocene (~20-12 Ma)
Barrelcactusaddict posted a gallery image in Member Collections
From the album: Fossil Amber and Copal: Worldwide Localities
“Simetite” Costa dell’Ambra Pachino, Syracuse Province, Sicily, Italy Lower to Middle Miocene (~20-12 Ma) Chemical Composition: C: 79.25%, H: 10.41%, O: 10.34%, S: 0.52-2.46% Specific Gravity: 1.056-1.068 Specimen A (Left): 0.6g / 20x10x8mm Specimen B (Center): 0.2g / 10x7x4mm Specimen C (Right): 0.4g / 13x8x8mm Lighting: 140lm LED Entry six of ten, detailing various rare ambers from European, Asian, and North American localities. This is an amber with a rich history. Amber from the island of Sicily is thought to have been known of since the end of the Iron Age (43 A.D.), but did not initially see much use in terms of trade or lapidary: Baltic amber was imported and preferred over Simetite, due to its larger size in general, and also possibly because it was more readily available; Simetite was later traded with the Phoenicians. Lapidary work with this amber dates back to the early 1800s, and was worked using lathes or was carved by hand: rings, necklaces, cameos, and even boxes were crafted using Simetite. Simetite was named after the River Simeto, which originates from the center of the eastern half of the island, flows south past Mt. Etna, and empties into the Mediterranean Sea along Sicily's east coast: historically, this amber was frequently found along Sicily’s eastern coastline below the mouth of the river, and today can still be found in small quantities throughout Sicily’s eastern and southern shores. Although no extensive research has been performed, the in-situ deposits are believed to be located within the center of the island; amber has been noted to become dislodged from clay-filled soil particularly along streams, where it is carried to the ocean. The rivers primarily responsible for the displacement and relocation of amber are: the Simeto and Dittaino, which converge before reaching the sea near Catania, and the Fiume Salso which travels south from the island’s center to the southern shores near Licata. Precious little research has been done in regards to determining its botanical origin, however recent work by Inez Dorothe van der Werf (2016) has suggested the Fabaceae as the source of Simetite. Low levels of cativic, labdanic, and succinic acids are present within Simetite; it also contains varying levels of sulfur (in turn, altering levels of C, H, and O), believed to be due to sulfate-rich groundwater in the deposits: amber is a permeable substance and has been proven to absorb, retain, and release gases (Hopfenberg et.al., 1988, cited by Poinar 1992): theoretically, this property also extends to resins during their burial. There is a completely black form, that is incredibly rich in sulfur, up to 2.46%: compared to Baltic amber, this variety has nearly six times the concentration of sulfur, and roughly half as much oxygen; the color of this amber is determined mainly by its sulfur content. Sources: "The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana 1837-1868: Descriptive Mineralogy"; p. 1005; Dana 1892 “Life in Amber”; pp. 10, 48; George O. Poinar Jr. 1992 “L’AMBRA SICILIANA Caratterizzazione del più importante materiale gemmologico italiano del Museo di Mineralogia della Sapienza”; pp. 14-17; David Leoni 2011 “The molecular composition of Sicilian amber”; Microchemical Journal 125; van der Werf, et. al. 2016© Kaegen Lau
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Simetite (Costa dell’Ambra, Lower to Middle Miocene (~20-12 Ma)
Barrelcactusaddict posted a gallery image in Member Collections
From the album: Fossil Amber and Copal: Worldwide Localities
“Simetite” Costa dell’Ambra Pachino, Syracuse Province, Sicily, Italy Lower to Middle Miocene (~20-12 Ma) Chemical Composition: C: 79.25%, H: 10.41%, O: 10.34%, S: 0.52-2.46% Specific Gravity: 1.056-1.068 Specimen A (Left): 0.6g / 20x10x8mm Specimen B (Center): 0.2g / 10x7x4mm Specimen C (Right): 0.4g / 13x8x8mm Lighting: Longwave UV Entry six of ten, detailing various rare ambers from European, Asian, and North American localities. This is an amber with a rich history. Amber from the island of Sicily is thought to have been known of since the end of the Iron Age (43 A.D.), but did not initially see much use in terms of trade or lapidary: Baltic amber was imported and preferred over Simetite, due to its larger size in general, and also possibly because it was more readily available; Simetite was later traded with the Phoenicians. Lapidary work with this amber dates back to the early 1800s, and was worked using lathes or was carved by hand: rings, necklaces, cameos, and even boxes were crafted using Simetite. Simetite was named after the River Simeto, which originates from the center of the eastern half of the island, flows south past Mt. Etna, and empties into the Mediterranean Sea along Sicily's east coast: historically, this amber was frequently found along Sicily’s eastern coastline below the mouth of the river, and today can still be found in small quantities throughout Sicily’s eastern and southern shores. Although no extensive research has been performed, the in-situ deposits are believed to be located within the center of the island; amber has been noted to become dislodged from clay-filled soil particularly along streams, where it is carried to the ocean. The rivers primarily responsible for the displacement and relocation of amber are: the Simeto and Dittaino, which converge before reaching the sea near Catania, and the Fiume Salso which travels south from the island’s center to the southern shores near Licata. Precious little research has been done in regards to determining its botanical origin, however recent work by Inez Dorothe van der Werf (2016) has suggested the Fabaceae as the source of Simetite. Low levels of cativic, labdanic, and succinic acids are present within Simetite; it also contains varying levels of sulfur (in turn, altering levels of C, H, and O), believed to be due to sulfate-rich groundwater in the deposits: amber is a permeable substance and has been proven to absorb, retain, and release gases (Hopfenberg et.al., 1988, cited by Poinar 1992): theoretically, this property also extends to resins during their burial. There is a completely black form, that is incredibly rich in sulfur, up to 2.46%: compared to Baltic amber, this variety has nearly six times the concentration of sulfur, and roughly half as much oxygen; the color of this amber is determined mainly by its sulfur content. Sources: "The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana 1837-1868: Descriptive Mineralogy"; p. 1005; Dana 1892 “Life in Amber”; pp. 10, 48; George O. Poinar Jr. 1992 “L’AMBRA SICILIANA Caratterizzazione del più importante materiale gemmologico italiano del Museo di Mineralogia della Sapienza”; pp. 14-17; David Leoni 2011 “The molecular composition of Sicilian amber”; Microchemical Journal 125; van der Werf, et. al. 2016© Kaegen Lau
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Simetite (Costa dell’Ambra, Lower to Middle Miocene (~20-12 Ma)
Barrelcactusaddict posted a gallery image in Member Collections
From the album: Fossil Amber and Copal: Worldwide Localities
“Simetite” Costa dell’Ambra Pachino, Syracuse Province, Sicily, Italy Lower to Middle Miocene (~20-12 Ma) Chemical Composition: C: 79.25%, H: 10.41%, O: 10.34%, S: 0.52-2.46% Specific Gravity: 1.056-1.068 Specimen A: 0.6g / 20x10x8mm Lighting: 140lm LED Entry six of ten, detailing various rare ambers from European, Asian, and North American localities. This is an amber with a rich history. Amber from the island of Sicily is thought to have been known of since the end of the Iron Age (43 A.D.), but did not initially see much use in terms of trade or lapidary: Baltic amber was imported and preferred over Simetite, due to its larger size in general, and also possibly because it was more readily available; Simetite was later traded with the Phoenicians. Lapidary work with this amber dates back to the early 1800s, and was worked using lathes or was carved by hand: rings, necklaces, cameos, and even boxes were crafted using Simetite. Simetite was named after the River Simeto, which originates from the center of the eastern half of the island, flows south past Mt. Etna, and empties into the Mediterranean Sea along Sicily's east coast: historically, this amber was frequently found along Sicily’s eastern coastline below the mouth of the river, and today can still be found in small quantities throughout Sicily’s eastern and southern shores. Although no extensive research has been performed, the in-situ deposits are believed to be located within the center of the island; amber has been noted to become dislodged from clay-filled soil particularly along streams, where it is carried to the ocean. The rivers primarily responsible for the displacement and relocation of amber are: the Simeto and Dittaino, which converge before reaching the sea near Catania, and the Fiume Salso which travels south from the island’s center to the southern shores near Licata. Precious little research has been done in regards to determining its botanical origin, however recent work by Inez Dorothe van der Werf (2016) has suggested the Fabaceae as the source of Simetite. Low levels of cativic, labdanic, and succinic acids are present within Simetite; it also contains varying levels of sulfur (in turn, altering levels of C, H, and O), believed to be due to sulfate-rich groundwater in the deposits: amber is a permeable substance and has been proven to absorb, retain, and release gases (Hopfenberg et.al., 1988, cited by Poinar 1992): theoretically, this property also extends to resins during their burial. There is a completely black form, that is incredibly rich in sulfur, up to 2.46%: compared to Baltic amber, this variety has nearly six times the concentration of sulfur, and roughly half as much oxygen; the color of this amber is determined mainly by its sulfur content. Sources: "The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana 1837-1868: Descriptive Mineralogy"; p. 1005; Dana 1892 “Life in Amber”; pp. 10, 48; George O. Poinar Jr. 1992 “L’AMBRA SICILIANA Caratterizzazione del più importante materiale gemmologico italiano del Museo di Mineralogia della Sapienza”; pp. 14-17; David Leoni 2011 “The molecular composition of Sicilian amber”; Microchemical Journal 125; van der Werf, et. al. 2016© Kaegen Lau
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Simetite (Costa dell’Ambra, Lower to Middle Miocene (~20-12 Ma)
Barrelcactusaddict posted a gallery image in Member Collections
From the album: Fossil Amber and Copal: Worldwide Localities
“Simetite” Costa dell’Ambra Pachino, Syracuse Province, Sicily, Italy Lower to Middle Miocene (~20-12 Ma) Chemical Composition: C: 79.25%, H: 10.41%, O: 10.34%, S: 0.52-2.46% Specific Gravity: 1.056-1.068 Specimen C: 0.4g / 13x8x8mm Lighting: 140lm LED Entry six of ten, detailing various rare ambers from European, Asian, and North American localities. This is an amber with a rich history. Amber from the island of Sicily is thought to have been known of since the end of the Iron Age (43 A.D.), but did not initially see much use in terms of trade or lapidary: Baltic amber was imported and preferred over Simetite, due to its larger size in general, and also possibly because it was more readily available; Simetite was later traded with the Phoenicians. Lapidary work with this amber dates back to the early 1800s, and was worked using lathes or was carved by hand: rings, necklaces, cameos, and even boxes were crafted using Simetite. Simetite was named after the River Simeto, which originates from the center of the eastern half of the island, flows south past Mt. Etna, and empties into the Mediterranean Sea along Sicily's east coast: historically, this amber was frequently found along Sicily’s eastern coastline below the mouth of the river, and today can still be found in small quantities throughout Sicily’s eastern and southern shores. Although no extensive research has been performed, the in-situ deposits are believed to be located within the center of the island; amber has been noted to become dislodged from clay-filled soil particularly along streams, where it is carried to the ocean. The rivers primarily responsible for the displacement and relocation of amber are: the Simeto and Dittaino, which converge before reaching the sea near Catania, and the Fiume Salso which travels south from the island’s center to the southern shores near Licata. Precious little research has been done in regards to determining its botanical origin, however recent work by Inez Dorothe van der Werf (2016) has suggested the Fabaceae as the source of Simetite. Low levels of cativic, labdanic, and succinic acids are present within Simetite; it also contains varying levels of sulfur (in turn, altering levels of C, H, and O), believed to be due to sulfate-rich groundwater in the deposits: amber is a permeable substance and has been proven to absorb, retain, and release gases (Hopfenberg et.al., 1988, cited by Poinar 1992): theoretically, this property also extends to resins during their burial. There is a completely black form, that is incredibly rich in sulfur, up to 2.46%: compared to Baltic amber, this variety has nearly six times the concentration of sulfur, and roughly half as much oxygen; the color of this amber is determined mainly by its sulfur content. Sources: "The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana 1837-1868: Descriptive Mineralogy"; p. 1005; Dana 1892 “Life in Amber”; pp. 10, 48; George O. Poinar Jr. 1992 “L’AMBRA SICILIANA Caratterizzazione del più importante materiale gemmologico italiano del Museo di Mineralogia della Sapienza”; pp. 14-17; David Leoni 2011 “The molecular composition of Sicilian amber”; Microchemical Journal 125; van der Werf, et. al. 2016© Kaegen Lau
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The 27 Most Active Volcanoes In The World And What Could Erupt Next
Oxytropidoceras posted a topic in Geology
The 27 Most Active Volcanoes In The World And What Could Erupt Next Jim Dobson, Travel, Forbes, April 9, 2021 Volcanic activity worldwide 14 Apr 2021: Pacaya volcano, Fuego, Popocatépetl, Dukono, Reventador, and more Volcano Discovery, Apr 14, 2021 Volcanic activity worldwide 13 Apr 2021: Worldwide Volcano News and Updates: Yours, Paul H. -
Swarm of 20,000 earthquakes could siginal volcanic eruptions in Iceland
Oxytropidoceras posted a topic in Geology
Swarm of 20,000 earthquakes could siginal volcanic eruptions in Iceland Live Science The Hill The New York Timesl Yorus, -
Pulsed volcanic combustion events and end-Permian ecosystem collapse and soil erosion
Oxytropidoceras posted a topic in Fossil News
Kaiho, K., Aftabuzzaman, M., Jones, D.S. and Tian, L., 2020. Pulsed volcanic combustion events coincident with the end-Permian terrestrial disturbance and the following global crisis. Geology. vol 49. Open access Researchgate PDF file of above paper PDF files of related papers Biswas, R.K., Kaiho, K., Saito, R., Tian, L. and Shi, Z., 2020. Terrestrial ecosystem collapse and soil erosion before the end-Permian marine extinction: Organic geochemical evidence from marine and non-marine records. Global and Planetary Change, 195, no.103327. Other papers Yours, Paul H. -
Alaska May Be Hiding a Huge Volcanic System By George Dvorsky, Gizmodo, December 4, 2020 https://gizmodo.com/alaska-may-be-hiding-a-huge-volcanic-system-1845810147 Alaska islands may be part of single, massive volcano Preliminary analysis of a far-flung island cluster suggests that what we thought were several small, independent volcanoes might actually be a single eruptive behemoth. By Maya Wei-Hasa, National Geographic, December 4, 2020 https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2020/12/alaska-islands-may-be-part-single-massive-volcano.html Multi-Disciplinary Evidence for a Large, Previously Unrecognized Caldera in the Islands of Four Mountains, Central Aleutian Arc, Alaska. AGU Fall Meeting, Dec. 7, 2020 https://agu.confex.com/agu/fm20/webprogram/Paper746451.html Yours, Paul H.
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The 20th Century's Greatest Volcanic Eruption: Mt Katmai, Alaska, 100 Years Later
Oxytropidoceras posted a topic in Geology
The 20th Century's Greatest Volcanic Eruption: Mt Katmai 100 Years Later, USGS, July 2, 2012 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7nOSLGSsb1s Mount Katmai description and information, Alaska Volcano Observatory - below web pages have PDFs of papers https://avo.alaska.edu/volcanoes/volcinfo.php?volcname=Katmai https://avo.alaska.edu/volcanoes/activity.php?volcname=Katmai&eruptionid=494 Some PDFs of papers are: Carrara, A., Burgisser, A. and Bergantz, G.W., 2020. The architecture of an intrusion in magmatic mush. Preprint, eartharxiv-org https://eartharxiv.org/hc4px/ Eichelberger, J.C. and Izbekov, P.E., 2000. Eruption of andesite triggered by dyke injection: contrasting cases at Karymsky Volcano, Kamchatka and Mt Katmai, Alaska. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 358(1770), pp.1465-1485. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.548.7200&rep=rep1&type=pdf Tibaldi, A. and Bonali, F.L., 2017. Intra-arc and back-arc volcano-tectonics: Magma pathways at Holocene Alaska-Aleutian volcanoes. Earth-Science Reviews, 167, pp.1-26. https://www.academia.edu/35709811/Intra-arc_and_back-arc_volcano-tectonics_Magma_pathways_at_Holocene_Alaska-Aleutian_volcanoes http://unimib.academia.edu/AlessandroTibaldi Ward, P.L. and Matumoto, T., 1967. A summary of volcanic and seismic activity in Katmai National Monument, Alaska. Bulletin Volcanologique, 31(1), pp.107-129. https://ozonedepletiontheory.info/Papers/Ward1967KatmaiVolcanoes.pdf Yours, Paul H. -
Volcanic origin for Younger Dryas geochemical anomalies ca. 12,900 cal B.P.
Oxytropidoceras posted a topic in Fossil News
Texas cave sediment upends meteorite explanation for global cooling by Baylor University August 1, 2020 https://phys.org/news/2020-07-texas-cave-sediment-upends-meteorite.html The paper is: Sun, N, Brandon, A.D., Forman, S.L., Waters, M.R. and Befus, K.S., 2020. Volcanic origin for Younger Dryas geochemical anomalies ca. 12,900 cal B.P. Science Advances, 6(31), eaax8587 https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/6/31/eaax8587 Related papers: Holliday, V.T., Bartlein, P.J., Scott, A.C. and Marlon, J.R., 2020. Extraordinary biomass-burning episode and impact winter triggered by the Younger Dryas cosmic impact∼ 12,800 years ago, parts 1 and 2: a discussion. The Journal of Geology, 128(1), pp.69-94. https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/706264 Wolbach, W.S., Ballard, J.P., Mayewski, P.A., Kurbatov, A., Bunch, T.E., LeCompte, M.A., Adedeji, V., Israde-Alcántara, I., Firestone, R.B., Mahaney, W.C. and Melott, A.L., 2020. Extraordinary Biomass-Burning Episode and Impact Winter Triggered by the Younger Dryas Cosmic Impact∼ 12,800 Years Ago: A Reply. The Journal of Geology, 128(1), pp.95-107. https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/706265 Yours, Paul H.-
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- caves
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Iceland hit by thousands of quakes and threat of volcanic eruption
Oxytropidoceras posted a topic in Geology
Iceland hit by thousands of quakes and threat of volcanic eruption The island nation has experienced increased seismic activity in the past month. Authorities warn that its Grimsvotn volcano, Iceland's most active, could erupt soon. DWcom, June 22, 2020 https://www.dw.com/en/iceland-hit-by-thousands-of-quakes-and-threat-of-volcanic-eruption/a-53902116 Yours, Paul H.- 3 replies
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New insight into the Great Dying, Permian mass extinction
Oxytropidoceras posted a topic in Fossil News
New insight into the Great Dying, University of Leeds, June 11, 2020 https://phys.org/news/2020-06-insight-great-dying.html The open access paper is: Jacopo Dal Corso, Benjamin J. W. Mills, Daoliang Chu, Robert J. Newton, Tamsin A. Mather, Wenchao Shu, Yuyang Wu, Jinnan Tong, and Paul B. Wignall (2020) Permo-Triassic boundary carbon and mercury cycling linked to terrestrial ecosystem collapse. Nature Communications 11, Article number: 2962 doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-16725-4 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-16725-4 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-16725-4.pdf Yours, Paul H.- 2 replies
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- ecosystem collapse
- flood basalts
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Permian coal-burning by Siberian Traps in Siberia led to climate change
Oxytropidoceras posted a topic in Fossil News
Coal-burning in Siberia led to climate change 250 million years ago, Arizona State University https://asunow.asu.edu/20200615-coal-burning-siberia-led-climate-change-250-million-years-ago Elkins-Tanton, L.T., Grasby, S.E., Black, B.A., Veselovskiy, R.V., Ardakani, O.H. and Goodarzi, F., 2020. Field evidence for coal combustion links the 252 Ma Siberian Traps with global carbon disruption. Geology, 48. (open access) https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geology/article/doi/10.1130/G47365.1/587319/Field-evidence-for-coal-combustion-links-the-252 Yours, Paul H.-
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- angara river
- coal
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Late Ordovician mass extinction - volcanism and warming or cooling and glaciation?
Oxytropidoceras posted a topic in Fossil News
There is a series of open access papers about what caused the Late Ordovician mass extinction. They are: Bond, D.P. and Grasby, S.E., 2020. Late Ordovician mass extinction caused by volcanism, warming, and anoxia, not cooling and glaciation. Geology. https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geology/article/doi/10.1130/G47377.1/586486/Late-Ordovician-mass-extinction-caused-by Mitchell, C. E., and Melchin, M.J., 2020. COMMENT: Late Ordovician mass extinction caused by volcanism, warming, and anoxia, not cooling and glaciation. Geology https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geology/article/doi/10.1130/G47946C.1/587311/COMMENT-Late-Ordovician-mass-extinction-caused-by Bond, D.P. and Grasby, S.E., 2020. REPLY: Late Ordovician mass extinction caused by volcanism, warming, and anoxia, not cooling and glaciation. Geology. https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geology/article/doi/10.1130/G47984Y.1/587312/REPLY-Late-Ordovician-mass-extinction-caused-by Wang, G., Zhan, R. and Percival, I.G., 2019. The end-Ordovician mass extinction: A single-pulse event?. Earth-Science Reviews, 192, pp.15-33. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012825218305099 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331275476_The_end-Ordovician_mass_extinction_A_single-pulse_event https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Gx_Wang2 Yours, Paul H.-
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- anoxia
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Pūhāhonu, Hawaiian Ridge: Earth's biggest and hottest shield volcano.
Oxytropidoceras posted a topic in Geology
World’s biggest volcano is barely visible By Sid Perkins, Sciennce (AAAS) News, May. 12, 2020 https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/05/world-s-biggest-volcano-barely-visible The paper is: Garcia, M.O., Tree, J.P.,Wessel, P., and Smith, J.R., 2020 Pūhāhonu: Earth's biggest and hottest shield volcano. Earth and Planetary Science Letters Volume 542, 15 July 2020, 116296 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0012821X20302399 Garcia, M.O., Tree, J.P., Wessel, P. and Smith Jr, J.R., 2019. Pūhāhonu: Earth's Biggest and Hottest Shield Volcano. AGUFM, 2019, pp.V13B-05. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019AGUFM.V13B..05G/abstract Yours, Paul H. -
Lava Lake Is Now Water Lake Atop Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii Adam Voiland, Earth Observatory, Science Tech Daily, May 11, 2020 https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/146687/a-new-lakewater-not-lavaon-kilauea https://scitechdaily.com/a-new-lake-water-not-lava-on-kilauea-volcano-in-hawaii/ https://gizmodo.com/lava-lake-is-now-water-lake-atop-kilauea-volcano-1843394005 Yours, Paul H.
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- kilauea volcano
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Racki, G., 2020, Volcanism as a prime cause of mass extinctions: Retrospectives and perspectives, in Adatte, T., Bond, D.P.G., and Keller, G., eds., Mass Extinctions, Volcanism, and Impacts: New Developments: Geological Society of America Special Paper 544, p. 1–34 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337951571_Volcanism_as_a_prime_cause_of_mass_extinctions_Retrospectives_and_perspectives https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Grzegorz_Racki Racki, G., Rakociński, M., Marynowski, L. and Wignall, P.B., 2018. Mercury enrichments and the Frasnian-Famennian biotic crisis: A volcanic trigger proved?. Geology, 46(6), pp.543-546. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326031821_Mercury_enrichments_and_the_Frasnian-Famennian_biotic_crisis_A_volcanic_trigger_proved Let's be careful out there, Paul H.
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- extinction
- flood basalts
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Yale University. "In death of dinosaurs, it was all about the asteroid -- not volcanoes." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 16 January 2020. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/01/200116141708.htm Meteorite or Volcano? New Clues to the Dinosaurs’ Demise Twin calamities marked the end of the Cretaceous period, and scientists are presenting new evidence of which drove one of Earth’s great extinctions. New York Times, January 16, 2020 https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/16/science/dinosaurs-extinction-meteorite-volcano.html The paper is: Hull, P.M., Bornemann, A., Penman, D.E., Henehan, M.J., Norris, R.D., Wilson, P.A., Blum, P., Alegret, L., Batenburg, S.J., Bown, P.R. and Bralower, T.J., 2020. On impact and volcanism across the Cretaceous- Paleogene boundary. Science, 367(6475), pp.266-272. https://science.sciencemag.org/content/367/6475/266.abstract Yours, Paul H.
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- asteroid
- asteroid impact
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Siberian gas venting and the end-Permian environmental crisis
Oxytropidoceras posted a topic in Fossil News
Below is an interesting paper, with PDF files online, about the role of contact metamorphism of evaporites and organic rich strata by the Siberian Traps and the end-Permian extinctions. Svensen, H., Planke, S., Polozov, A.G., Schmidbauer, N., Corfu, F., Podladchikov, Y.Y. and Jamtveit, B., 2009. Siberian gas venting and the end-Permian environmental crisis. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 277(3-4), pp.490-500. http://folk.uio.no/hensven/Svensen_EPSL_2009.pdf https://henriksvensen.wordpress.com/publicationspapers/ https://henriksvensen.wordpress.com/page/2/ Some related papers are: Burgess, S.D., Muirhead, J.D. and Bowring, S.A., 2017. Initial pulse of Siberian Traps sills as the trigger of the end-Permian mass extinction. Nature Communications, 8(1), p.164. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318793382_Initial_pulse_of_Siberian_Traps_sills_as_the_trigger_of_the_end-Permian_mass_extinction https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Muirhead_D https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/113600/s41467-017-00083-9.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y Polozov, A.G., Svensen, H.H., Planke, S., Grishina, S.N., Fristad, K.E. and Jerram, D.A., 2016. The basalt pipes of the Tunguska Basin (Siberia, Russia): High temperature processes and volatile degassing into the end-Permian atmosphere. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 441, pp.51-64. Svensen, H.H., Frolov, S., Akhmanov, G.G., Polozov, A.G., Jerram, D.A., Shiganova, O.V., Melnikov, N.V., Iyer, K. and Planke, S., 2018. Sills and gas generation in the Siberian Traps. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 376(2130), p.20170080. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327404155_Sills_and_gas_generation_in_the_Siberian_Traps https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6127383/ https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Sills-and-gas-generation-in-the-Siberian-Traps.-Svensen-Frolov/6d0e86fcd2beea7d96c4e15240e50650c2ac235a Rampino, M.R., Rodriguez, S., Baransky, E. and Cai, Y., 2017. Global nickel anomaly links Siberian Traps eruptions and the latest Permian mass extinction. Scientific reports, 7(1), p.12416. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5622041/ http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/file/Siberian trap eruptions.pdf Yours, Paul H.- 1 reply
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- evaporites
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Why did White Island (Whakaari) Volcano, New Zealand, erupt as it did?
Oxytropidoceras posted a topic in Geology
A short, concise, and understandable explanation of the tragic eruption of White Island (Whakaari) Volcano, New Zealand, is: What caused the White Island volcano to explode the way it did? ABC News https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_93KoBrZEwY A concise description of White Island (Whakaari) Volcano, New Zealand, can be found in “Magmatic-hydrothermal system at White Island volcano, North Island, New Zealand, Carlos Jimenez, on pp. 35-43 of: JCU SEG Student Chapter, Guide Book New Zealand, North Island Field Trip 2015 https://www.segweb.org/pdf/events/2016/16JCFT-Guidebook.pdf Deepest sympathies, Paul H.-
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- pheratic eruption
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Derouin, S. (2019), Sparks may reveal the nature of ash plumes, Eos, 100, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019EO136482. Published on 15 November 2019. https://eos.org/articles/sparks-may-reveal-the-nature-of-ash-plumes Scientists Recreated Volcanic Lightning by Blasting Ash Out of a Cannon Robin George Andrews, Gizmodo, November 29, 2019 https://gizmodo.com/scientists-recreated-volcanic-lightning-by-blasting-ash-1840068684 Volcanic ash sparks a new discovery, American Physical Society https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/10/191021082744.htm https://www.aps.org/units/dpp/meetings/vpr/2019/upload/2019-Von-der-Linden_Jens_APS-DPP-PR.pdf Yours, Paul H.
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End-Permian (252 Mya) deforestation, wildfires and flooding (open access paper)
Oxytropidoceras posted a topic in Fossil News
Below is a very interesting open access paper. Vajda, V., McLoughlin, S., Mays, C., Frank, T.D., Fielding, C.R., Tevyaw, A., Lehsten, V., Bocking, M. and Nicoll, R.S., 2020. End-Permian (252 Mya) deforestation, wildfires and flooding—An ancient biotic crisis with lessons for the present. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 529, p.115875. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012821X19305679 Yours, Paul H.- 1 reply
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- australia
- end-permian extinction
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Platinum anomalies, some of which are argued to be evidence of extraterrestrial impacts, have been found to be associated with high magnitude volcanic eruptions. Platinum is key in ancient volcanic related climate change University of Cincinnati, July 31, 2018 https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/07/180731092053.htm Platinum is key in ancient volcanic related climate change University of Cincinnati, July 31, 2018 https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/07/180731092053.htm Tankersley, K.B., Dunning, N.P., Owen, L.A., Huff, W.D., Park, J.H., Kim, C., Lentz, D.L. and Sparks-Stokes, D., 2018. Positive Platinum anomalies at three late Holocene high magnitude volcanic events in Western Hemisphere sediments. Scientific reports, 8(1), number. 11298. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-29741-8 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326633921_Positive_Platinum_anomalies_at_three_late_Holocene_high_magnitude_volcanic_events_in_Western_Hemisphere_sediments "Pt anomalies in sediments over a broad geographic area indicate distinctive time-correlative atmospheric deposition rates of platinum-rich volcanic ash." a related paper: Soyol-Erdene, T.O., Huh, Y., Hong, S. and Hur, S.D., 2011. A 50-year record of platinum, iridium, and rhodium in Antarctic snow: volcanic and anthropogenic sources. Environmental science & technology, 45(14), pp. 5929-5935. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es2005732 Yours, Paul H.
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A meteorite shows evidence of ancient volcanism on a long-gone protoplanet
Oxytropidoceras posted a topic in Geology
A meteorite older than Earth shows evidence of ancient volcanism on a long-gone protoplanet, Phil Plait, SYFY WIRE https://www.syfy.com/syfywire/a-meteorite-older-than-earth-shows-evidence-of-ancient-volcanism-on-a-long-gone-protoplanet Oldest-ever igneous meteorite contains clues to planet building blocks. University of Arizona, August 2, 2018 https://asunow.asu.edu/20180802-oldest-ever-igneous-meteorite-contains-clues-planet-building-blocks Taylor, G.J., 2018. The Oldest Volcanic Meteorite: A Silica-Rich Lava on a Geologically Complex Planetesimal. Planetary Science Research Discoveries Report, Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology http://www.psrd.hawaii.edu/Aug18/PSRD-oldest-volcanic-meteorite.pdf Some papers are: Hoffmann, V.H., Wimmer, K., Hochleitner, R. and Kaliwoda, M., 2018, March. Northwest Africa (NWA) 11119---Probing an Unknown Early Planetary Body?. In Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (Vol. 49). https://www.hou.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2018/pdf/2468.pdf Srinivasan, P., Dunlap, D.R., Agee, C.B., Wadhwa, M., Coleff, D., Ziegler, K., Zeigler, R. and McCubbin, F.M., 2018. Silica-rich volcanism in the early solar system dated at 4.565 Ga. Nature communications, 9(1), p.30-36. Open Access https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-05501-0 Yours, Paul H.-
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