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Showing results for tags 'Oligocene'.
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This tooth was found in northeast in a spring fed creek. It is very sticky and I believe it is fossilized. I don't have a way to take scaled pics at the moment. I promise not to bug yall with my posts for awhile.
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Hello is this a pygmy sperm whale tooth? Also investing in a caliper and better camera for better clarity and scale, kinda handicap at the moment. This was found in northeast florida out of the hawthorn formation.
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Hello would like some opinions of these 2 fossils from the Hawthorn formation. I am hoping yall tell me some good news. Thanks very much to everybody that took the time to comment and help me through my newbie struggles. It really is truly appreciated very much. G.
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Weather was pretty decent Monday-Tuesday, so I thought a trip back out to the Peninsula would be nice. Twin Beach is good place to find marine Oligocene fossils. I read a paper recently that proposes that the fossils here may have been part of a 300+ meter deep sea shelf community that was slowly uplifted. Callianopsis clallamensis ghost shrimp claws, extremely common here. Regret cracking this one, would have looked really good prepped. Many of the shrimp fossils have calcite crystals that have formed inside them. Lucina hannibali clams, next to the trace fossil shrimp burrows, probably the most common fossil at the beach. A Lirracassis sea snail! But obviously it either weathered out or someone beat me to it. Luckily I found my own! Here it is after I prepped it out. I'm really new to prepping, but I think it turned out pretty well. I think I used too much paraloid, it's a little shinier than I would have liked.
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- oligocene
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Please help me id these teeth found in alachua county fl on private property with permission from the owner. Are these all different species of horse? Thank every one very much.
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My daughter and I have just returned from the Isle of Wight, we hunted a couple of times around Yarmouth and Bouldnor where the beaches are full of Oligocene material. We found lots of pieces of croc, turtle and sturgeon as well as a small fish vert. We also found this which I think is the distal end of a mammal humerus. While I don’t think Pleistocene can be ruled out, the bone is heavy and feels fully mineralised. Tapping it with a spoon sounds like hitting rock as opposed to bone and it feels a lot more like rock than any of the ice age bones in our collection. I have read that as well as croc, turtle etc there were Oligocene mammals such as Tapir known in that area. Can anyone identify what the bone may have come from? Also, do I need to do anything to preserve it? Should I soak it to remove any salt and then coat with paraloid? Thanks for looking IMG_2370.MOV
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I had recently received a couple unprepped oreodont limb bones from @snolly50 and have started prepping them. Here's a pic of my workstation There's been a lot of repair in these bones that I had to do. The bone on the left I'm pretty sure is a humerus. Here's some more pictures of that one Then there's this other bone that I'm working on repairing and prepping, I think this might be a femur? Then I have this piece that looks like the end of the tibia and fibula with some tarsals. And last I have this unidentified limb bone end, about 3 inches long I'm doing all my prep work right now with a pin vice and it's turning out pretty well.
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Found in alachua county florida. Please help me id these verts.
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Found in alachua county florida. Please help me id this piece.
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By some vast, cosmic alignment of karma, snolly has become the possessor of a horde of material, deaccessioned from a museum's abundance. Information is scant, but "Oligocene" and "Nebraska" are offered as clues. The foil wrapped specimens had apparently lain in benign neglect for a a generous span, the bone rests in pieces with sheets of dried, peeling consolidant and crumbling matrix. The specimens appear to be limb bones and Oreodont is the donor that presents as likely. At present, snolly is leisurely joining the puzzle pieces and removing old consolidant (white glue?) and matrix. Please glance at the examples pictured and offer any insight as to their identity. Here are a couple typical pieces. Note the detritus of peeled consolidant.... This piece is perhaps a tibia with sherds of fibula attached, hanging precariously by the dried adhesive....
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a very nice crab Coeloma helmstedtenses from the former clay pit "Treue" or "Silberberg" near Helmstedt / NE-Germany, Oligocene. This famous pit is closed now since 30 years, it was very popular for the famous crabs© fossils worldwide
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Found on private property Crawford, NE broken up humerus from???????
cayosusa posted a topic in Fossil ID
I know it's in a zillion pieces. I dug it out as best I could. Any ideas what animal?
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Hi folks! I just get this mandible from a guy sold as unpreped. He found it in South Dakota. Because it still cover in matrix as some section so I would like to as you if this is a Poebrotherium camel jaw or it belong to Oreodont? I can’t identify between both of these species because the tooth look very similar of herbivore animal. Thank you.
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Hi all! I love W.R and Oligocene fossils. Both prepping and looking at them. So i thought maybe its time to see what everyone else has collected out there. So let’s see pictures of what you’ve got! Heres a few of mine!
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I've been on a ghost shrimp claw kick lately, working through the concretions that I collected over Presidents Day weekend (February 21st for all you non-Americans). This one came out pretty nice! Species is Callianopsis clallamensis from Washington State. Prepped with a Dremel 290.
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MARINE MOLLUSKS aggregation from the Pittsburg Bluff (Oligocene) and perhaps a bone.....
OregonFossil posted a topic in General Fossil Discussion
Location: where fossiliferous exposures are found in streambanks and in cuts on highways, logging roads, and railways. The type area of the formation is along the Nehalem River near Pittsburg, Oreg., where a highway cut affords a good exposure of its lower part. Exposures of the Pittsburg Bluff Formation are relatively scarce; they are interrupted by broad areas of thick soil cover and dense vegetation. The formation is cut by minor visible faults, and there may be others that are not visible, so the mapping is uncertain in some places. The Pittsburg Bluff Formation conformably overlies the Keasey Formation (late Eocene and early Oligocene) and is conformably overlain by the Scappoose Formation (late Oligocene and early Miocene). Because parts of all these formations are lithologically similar, the stratigraphic position of a nonfossiliferous exposure is sometimes uncertain. New stratigraphic studies indicate, however, that contrary to the opinion of some previous investigators, the Pittsburg BluffFormation is conformable with the underlying Keasey Formation. In Oregon you can hunt the roadside ditches and talus piles for fossils if you are brave enough to face the traffic:) Last time out I was lucky and found a very large piece of the sea floor (about 38" long, 14" wide, 8" deep) as well as about 10 smaller pieces. Today I was working on a 3' by 8' piece using paint brushes to get some of the lose matrix off (to be scanned for various microfossils). Here is what the piece looked like: The Red "T" marks a small piece of matrix that I removed with dental tools. Lots of shell fragments and casts of Mollusks. Not sure what that brown stain. Under the red "T" was something I have not seen before in this matrix. Here is the item (6.7mm x 6.5mm), do you know what it is?: Here is some more information of what has been found in this formation: The Pittsburg Bluff molluscan fauna contains none of the rock dwellers of the littoral zone with the possible exception of Mytilus, and no snails that are known to be herbivorous. None of the mollusks found in the formation, except the turrids, are considered indicative of deep water. No remains of echinoderms or crabs have been found, and foraminifers are represented by two poorly preserved globigerinids. Some fish remains have been found; the teeth identified are of sharks and rays. Welton (1972, p. 168) makes the following statement concerning the shark teeth: ***the lower sections of the Pittsburg Bluff Formation yield numerous teeth of a small squalid shark Centroscymnus and not uncommonly teeth of Raja, Squatina, Odontaspis, Squalus, Pristiophorus, and Notorhynchus. These genera, plus several additional forms, collectively constitute the most diverse assemblage yet known from the middle Oligocene of Oregon. Otoliths from USGS 15310, in the middle part of the Pittsburg Bluff Formation, were identified by John E. Fitch, California Department of Fish and Game, as belonging to the families Congridae (conger eels) and Macrouridae (rat tails), both bottom-dwelling families that typically inhabit moderate (200 m) to great depths (500 m), and, although found in all oceans of the world, are least common in tropical seas (John E. Fitch, written communs., May 23, 1973, and June 18, 1973). From the preserved molluscan fauna, a picture emerges of an infaunal community of filter feeders, detritus feeders, and carnivores living on or within the sediment of the sea floor.
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Stichocorys delemontensis (Miocene) like fossil from Oligocene
OregonFossil posted a topic in Micro-paleontology
Looking on the web for ID, I found Stichocorys delemontensis which is a Miocene animal, while this specimen is from the Pittsburg Bluff which is Oligocene. Shape is similar I think. Again this are from a 5 mpx camera and this is about as good as the image gets @ 800X. subject is almost centered in image.
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Hunting for Fossil Whales in the Clifts of Vancouver Island, British Columbia.
Oxytropidoceras posted a topic in Fossil News
This Cliff Face Is Packed With Fossilized Whale Remains Devon Bidal, (Hakai Magazine) Smithsonian Magazine, February 18, 2022 Yours, Paul H.- 3 replies
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- british columbia
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Bitterfeld Amber (Cottbus Fm., 25.5-23.5 Ma [min.])
Barrelcactusaddict posted a gallery image in Member Collections
![Bitterfeld Amber (Cottbus Fm., 25.5-23.5 Ma [min.])](//content.invisioncic.com/e327962/monthly_2022_03/small.SAM_3466.JPG.7bb00d9209beaa56c79712f4e8fb6e5a.JPG)
From the album: Fossil Amber and Copal: Worldwide Localities
"Bitterfeld Amber" Goitzsche Opencast Mine Bitterfeld-Wolfen, Saxony-Anhalt State, Germany Friedersdorf and Zöckeritz Sub-Horizons Bernsteinschluff Horizon Cottbus Fm. (25.5-23.5 Ma [min.]) Specimen C (Bubbles): 3.5g / 29x22x12mm Lighting: Longwave UV The origin of Bitterfeld amber has been the subject of much serious study and debate, especially within the last couple decades; it was originally believed to be redeposited material from the northern Baltic amber deposits, based mainly on the similarity of insect inclusions, but also due to their similarity in visual appearance and hardness. Chemical analyses of the amber by different authors, has recently shown that Bitterfeld amber came from a botanical and geographical source different from that of Baltic amber. Botanical Source: Recent chemical analyses (especially FTIR and ToF-SIMS) have shown significant differences; Baltic amber generally contains higher concentrations of succinic and communic acids, while Bitterfeld amber contains more dehydroabietic acid. Due to the presence of a specific triterpenoid (allobetulane class), Bitterfeld amber is believed to have been produced by a member of the Betulaceae Family (Birch). Age: Bitterfeld and Baltic ambers’ levels of carbon and hydrogen isotopes are extremely similar, indicating they are roughly the same age; Bitterfeld amber is found in Late Oligocene strata, which is younger than that which Baltic amber is found in: Bitterfeld amber was redeposited from nearby sources, before it was deposited into its current geological Formation (Cottbus), and was believed to have been carried northward into a delta by river action. Geological Setting: Bitterfeld amber shares a similar geological setting to Siegburgite, which it is found in association with. The upper portion of the Cottbus Fm., host to the large amber and coal reserves, was formed during the late Oligocene: the North Sea ingressed an area between two stretches of land running NE to SW, and as sea levels fell, forests developed, laying down organic matter; sea levels rose, and covered the organic matter in marine sediments. Bitterfeld amber is found in the lignite-sand, and lignite-clay layers of the upper portion of the Cottbus Fm., which amber-bearing layers are situated beneath the Bitterfeld Main Coal Seam, and above the Breitenfeld Seam: these layers constitute the “Bernsteinschluff” master horizon, which contains the upper “Friedersdorf” and lower “Zöckeritz” sub-horizons, which are particularly rich in amber. Differing levels of hydrogen isotopes in Baltic and Bitterfeld ambers indicate distinct geographical sources. There was a minimum of 3-degrees latitude difference between the northernmost Bitterfeld amber forests and the southernmost Baltic amber forests. Mining History: The Goitzsche Mine originally began coal production around 1949, and in 1955 amber was discovered; active mining of this amber began in 1975 until the Goitzsche Opencast Mine finally closed in 1991. From 1991 to 1999, the Goitzsche became subject to reclamation efforts, which involved flooding the mine with water, which was conducted from the nearby Mulde River. On 4/13/2000, the reclaimed site officially became a public recreation area. Sources: "The First Fossil Cyphophthalmid (Arachnida: Opiliones), from Bitterfeld Amber, Germany"; Jason A., Gonzalo Giribet 2003 "Geography - Coal Mining in the Goitzsche/ The geology of the Goitzsche"; Europagymnasium Walther-Rathenau-Bitterfeld Comeniusprojekt "Die Bernsteinlagerstätte Bitterfeld, nur ein Höhepunkt des Vorkommens von Bernstein (Succinit) im Tertiär Mitteldeutschlands"; Fuhrman 2005 “Bitterfeld amber is not Baltic amber: Three geochemical tests and further constraints on the botanical affinities of succinate”; Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology; Wolfe, et. al. 2015 “Chemical and spectroscopic signatures of resins from Sumatra (Sarolangun mine, Jambi Province) and Germany (Bitterfeld, Saxony-Anhalt)”; Scientific Reports, Issue 10; Drzewicz, et. al. 2020 http://www.regionalgeologie-ost.de/Abb. 23.11 Halle-Merseburger Tertiaer.pdf?fbclid=IwAR0Rr9hVIGK28Bb2pzEcWxw3PG4TGS42HaKOS99vwcT8_ivqgi9EiclEWa0© Kaegen Lau
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Bitterfeld Amber (Cottbus Fm., 25.5-23.5 Ma [min.])
Barrelcactusaddict posted a gallery image in Member Collections
![Bitterfeld Amber (Cottbus Fm., 25.5-23.5 Ma [min.])](//content.invisioncic.com/e327962/monthly_2022_03/small.SAM_3465.JPG.e52162273670006dc1f9ba3cc6ee5fec.JPG)
From the album: Fossil Amber and Copal: Worldwide Localities
"Bitterfeld Amber" Goitzsche Opencast Mine Bitterfeld-Wolfen, Saxony-Anhalt State, Germany Friedersdorf and Zöckeritz Sub-Horizons Bernsteinschluff Horizon Cottbus Fm. (25.5-23.5 Ma [min.]) Specimen C (Bubbles): 3.5g / 29x22x12mm Lighting: 140lm LED The origin of Bitterfeld amber has been the subject of much serious study and debate, especially within the last couple decades; it was originally believed to be redeposited material from the northern Baltic amber deposits, based mainly on the similarity of insect inclusions, but also due to their similarity in visual appearance and hardness. Chemical analyses of the amber by different authors, has recently shown that Bitterfeld amber came from a botanical and geographical source different from that of Baltic amber. Botanical Source: Recent chemical analyses (especially FTIR and ToF-SIMS) have shown significant differences; Baltic amber generally contains higher concentrations of succinic and communic acids, while Bitterfeld amber contains more dehydroabietic acid. Due to the presence of a specific triterpenoid (allobetulane class), Bitterfeld amber is believed to have been produced by a member of the Betulaceae Family (Birch). Age: Bitterfeld and Baltic ambers’ levels of carbon and hydrogen isotopes are extremely similar, indicating they are roughly the same age; Bitterfeld amber is found in Late Oligocene strata, which is younger than that which Baltic amber is found in: Bitterfeld amber was redeposited from nearby sources, before it was deposited into its current geological Formation (Cottbus), and was believed to have been carried northward into a delta by river action. Geological Setting: Bitterfeld amber shares a similar geological setting to Siegburgite, which it is found in association with. The upper portion of the Cottbus Fm., host to the large amber and coal reserves, was formed during the late Oligocene: the North Sea ingressed an area between two stretches of land running NE so SW, and as sea levels fell, forests developed, laying down organic matter; sea levels rose, and covered the organic matter in marine sediments. Bitterfeld amber is found in the lignite-sand, and lignite-clay layers of the upper portion of the Cottbus Fm., which amber-bearing layers are situated beneath the Bitterfeld Main Coal Seam, and above the Breitenfeld Seam: these layers constitute the “Bernsteinschluff” master horizon, which contains the upper “Friedersdorf” and lower “Zöckeritz” sub-horizons, which are particularly rich in amber. Differing levels of hydrogen isotopes in Baltic and Bitterfeld ambers indicate distinct geographical sources. There was a minimum of 3-degrees latitude difference between the northernmost Bitterfeld amber forests and the southernmost Baltic amber forests. Mining History: The Goitzsche Mine originally began coal production around 1949, and in 1955 amber was discovered; active mining of this amber began in 1975 until the Goitzsche Opencast Mine finally closed in 1991. From 1991 to 1999,the Goitzsche became subject to reclamation efforts, which involved flooding the mine with water, which was conducted from the nearby Mulde River. On 4/13/2000, the reclaimed site officially became a public recreation area. Sources: "The First Fossil Cyphophthalmid (Arachnida: Opiliones), from Bitterfeld Amber, Germany"; Jason A., Gonzalo Giribet 2003 "Geography - Coal Mining in the Goitzsche/ The geology of the Goitzsche"; Europagymnasium Walther-Rathenau-Bitterfeld Comeniusprojekt "Die Bernsteinlagerstätte Bitterfeld, nur ein Höhepunkt des Vorkommens von Bernstein (Succinit) im Tertiär Mitteldeutschlands"; Fuhrman 2005 “Bitterfeld amber is not Baltic amber: Three geochemical tests and further constraints on the botanical affinities of succinate”; Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology; Wolfe, et. al. 2015 “Chemical and spectroscopic signatures of resins from Sumatra (Sarolangun mine, Jambi Province) and Germany (Bitterfeld, Saxony-Anhalt)”; Scientific Reports, Issue 10; Drzewicz, et. al. 2020 http://www.regionalgeologie-ost.de/Abb. 23.11 Halle-Merseburger Tertiaer.pdf?fbclid=IwAR0Rr9hVIGK28Bb2pzEcWxw3PG4TGS42HaKOS99vwcT8_ivqgi9EiclEWa0© Kaegen Lau
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Bitterfeld Amber (Cottbus Fm., 25.5-23.5 Ma [min.])
Barrelcactusaddict posted a gallery image in Member Collections
![Bitterfeld Amber (Cottbus Fm., 25.5-23.5 Ma [min.])](//content.invisioncic.com/e327962/monthly_2022_03/small.SAM_3464.JPG.51980b56cd116b2904e4cde756b0fb43.JPG)
From the album: Fossil Amber and Copal: Worldwide Localities
"Bitterfeld Amber" Goitzsche Opencast Mine Bitterfeld-Wolfen, Saxony-Anhalt State, Germany Friedersdorf and Zöckeritz Sub-Horizons Bernsteinschluff Horizon Cottbus Fm. (25.5-23.5 Ma [min.]) Specimen B (Run/Layered): 2.1g / 24x20x9mm Lighting: Longwave UV The origin of Bitterfeld amber has been the subject of much serious study and debate, especially within the last couple decades; it was originally believed to be redeposited material from the northern Baltic amber deposits, based mainly on the similarity of insect inclusions, but also due to their similarity in visual appearance and hardness. Chemical analyses of the amber by different authors, has recently shown that Bitterfeld amber came from a botanical and geographical source different from that of Baltic amber. Botanical Source: Recent chemical analyses (especially FTIR and ToF-SIMS) have shown significant differences; Baltic amber generally contains higher concentrations of succinic and communic acids, while Bitterfeld amber contains more dehydroabietic acid. Due to the presence of a specific triterpenoid (allobetulane class), Bitterfeld amber is believed to have been produced by a member of the Betulaceae Family (Birch). Age: Bitterfeld and Baltic ambers’ levels of carbon and hydrogen isotopes are extremely similar, indicating they are roughly the same age; Bitterfeld amber is found in Late Oligocene strata, which is younger than that which Baltic amber is found in: Bitterfeld amber was redeposited from nearby sources, before it was deposited into its current geological Formation (Cottbus), and was believed to have been carried northward into a delta by river action. Geological Setting: Bitterfeld amber shares a similar geological setting to Siegburgite, which it is found in association with. The upper portion of the Cottbus Fm., host to the large amber and coal reserves, was formed during the late Oligocene: the North Sea ingressed an area between two stretches of land running NE to SW, and as sea levels fell, forests developed, laying down organic matter; sea levels rose, and covered the organic matter in marine sediments. Bitterfeld amber is found in the lignite-sand, and lignite-clay layers of the upper portion of the Cottbus Fm., which amber-bearing layers are situated beneath the Bitterfeld Main Coal Seam, and above the Breitenfeld Seam: these layers constitute the “Bernsteinschluff” master horizon, which contains the upper “Friedersdorf” and lower “Zöckeritz” sub-horizons, which are particularly rich in amber. Differing levels of hydrogen isotopes in Baltic and Bitterfeld ambers indicate distinct geographical sources. There was a minimum of 3-degrees latitude difference between the northernmost Bitterfeld amber forests and the southernmost Baltic amber forests. Mining History: The Goitzsche Mine originally began coal production around 1949, and in 1955 amber was discovered; active mining of this amber began in 1975 until the Goitzsche Opencast Mine finally closed in 1991. From 1991 to 1999, the Goitzsche became subject to reclamation efforts, which involved flooding the mine with water, which was conducted from the nearby Mulde River. On 4/13/2000, the reclaimed site officially became a public recreation area. Sources: "The First Fossil Cyphophthalmid (Arachnida: Opiliones), from Bitterfeld Amber, Germany"; Jason A., Gonzalo Giribet 2003 "Geography - Coal Mining in the Goitzsche/ The geology of the Goitzsche"; Europagymnasium Walther-Rathenau-Bitterfeld Comeniusprojekt "Die Bernsteinlagerstätte Bitterfeld, nur ein Höhepunkt des Vorkommens von Bernstein (Succinit) im Tertiär Mitteldeutschlands"; Fuhrman 2005 “Bitterfeld amber is not Baltic amber: Three geochemical tests and further constraints on the botanical affinities of succinate”; Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology; Wolfe, et. al. 2015 “Chemical and spectroscopic signatures of resins from Sumatra (Sarolangun mine, Jambi Province) and Germany (Bitterfeld, Saxony-Anhalt)”; Scientific Reports, Issue 10; Drzewicz, et. al. 2020 http://www.regionalgeologie-ost.de/Abb. 23.11 Halle-Merseburger Tertiaer.pdf?fbclid=IwAR0Rr9hVIGK28Bb2pzEcWxw3PG4TGS42HaKOS99vwcT8_ivqgi9EiclEWa0© Kaegen Lau
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Bitterfeld Amber (Cottbus Fm., 25.5-23.5 Ma [min.])
Barrelcactusaddict posted a gallery image in Member Collections
![Bitterfeld Amber (Cottbus Fm., 25.5-23.5 Ma [min.])](//content.invisioncic.com/e327962/monthly_2022_03/small.SAM_3463.JPG.4a8428c457b90d73df6ad081dcd6e2fe.JPG)
From the album: Fossil Amber and Copal: Worldwide Localities
"Bitterfeld Amber" Goitzsche Opencast Mine Bitterfeld-Wolfen, Saxony-Anhalt State, Germany Friedersdorf and Zöckeritz Sub-Horizons Bernsteinschluff Horizon Cottbus Fm. (25.5-23.5 Ma [min.]) Specimen B (Run/Layered): 2.1g / 24x20x9mm Lighting: 140lm LED The origin of Bitterfeld amber has been the subject of much serious study and debate, especially within the last couple decades; it was originally believed to be redeposited material from the northern Baltic amber deposits, based mainly on the similarity of insect inclusions, but also due to their similarity in visual appearance and hardness. Chemical analyses of the amber by different authors, has recently shown that Bitterfeld amber came from a botanical and geographical source different from that of Baltic amber. Botanical Source: Recent chemical analyses (especially FTIR and ToF-SIMS) have shown significant differences; Baltic amber generally contains higher concentrations of succinic and communic acids, while Bitterfeld amber contains more dehydroabietic acid. Due to the presence of a specific triterpenoid (allobetulane class), Bitterfeld amber is believed to have been produced by a member of the Betulaceae Family (Birch). Age: Bitterfeld and Baltic ambers’ levels of carbon and hydrogen isotopes are extremely similar, indicating they are roughly the same age; Bitterfeld amber is found in Late Oligocene strata, which is younger than that which Baltic amber is found in: Bitterfeld amber was redeposited from nearby sources, before it was deposited into its current geological Formation (Cottbus), and was believed to have been carried northward into a delta by river action. Geological Setting: Bitterfeld amber shares a similar geological setting to Siegburgite, which it is found in association with. The upper portion of the Cottbus Fm., host to the large amber and coal reserves, was formed during the late Oligocene: the North Sea ingressed an area between two stretches of land running NE to SW, and as sea levels fell, forests developed, laying down organic matter; sea levels rose, and covered the organic matter in marine sediments. Bitterfeld amber is found in the lignite-sand, and lignite-clay layers of the upper portion of the Cottbus Fm., which amber-bearing layers are situated beneath the Bitterfeld Main Coal Seam, and above the Breitenfeld Seam: these layers constitute the “Bernsteinschluff” master horizon, which contains the upper “Friedersdorf” and lower “Zöckeritz” sub-horizons, which are particularly rich in amber. Differing levels of hydrogen isotopes in Baltic and Bitterfeld ambers indicate distinct geographical sources. There was a minimum of 3-degrees latitude difference between the northernmost Bitterfeld amber forests and the southernmost Baltic amber forests. Mining History: The Goitzsche Mine originally began coal production around 1949, and in 1955 amber was discovered; active mining of this amber began in 1975 until the Goitzsche Opencast Mine finally closed in 1991. From 1991 to 1999, the Goitzsche became subject to reclamation efforts, which involved flooding the mine with water, which was conducted from the nearby Mulde River. On 4/13/2000, the reclaimed site officially became a public recreation area. Sources: "The First Fossil Cyphophthalmid (Arachnida: Opiliones), from Bitterfeld Amber, Germany"; Jason A., Gonzalo Giribet 2003 "Geography - Coal Mining in the Goitzsche/ The geology of the Goitzsche"; Europagymnasium Walther-Rathenau-Bitterfeld Comeniusprojekt "Die Bernsteinlagerstätte Bitterfeld, nur ein Höhepunkt des Vorkommens von Bernstein (Succinit) im Tertiär Mitteldeutschlands"; Fuhrman 2005 “Bitterfeld amber is not Baltic amber: Three geochemical tests and further constraints on the botanical affinities of succinate”; Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology; Wolfe, et. al. 2015 “Chemical and spectroscopic signatures of resins from Sumatra (Sarolangun mine, Jambi Province) and Germany (Bitterfeld, Saxony-Anhalt)”; Scientific Reports, Issue 10; Drzewicz, et. al. 2020 http://www.regionalgeologie-ost.de/Abb. 23.11 Halle-Merseburger Tertiaer.pdf?fbclid=IwAR0Rr9hVIGK28Bb2pzEcWxw3PG4TGS42HaKOS99vwcT8_ivqgi9EiclEWa0© Kaegen Lau
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Bitterfeld Amber (Cottbus Fm., 25.5-23.5 Ma [min.])
Barrelcactusaddict posted a gallery image in Member Collections
![Bitterfeld Amber (Cottbus Fm., 25.5-23.5 Ma [min.])](//content.invisioncic.com/e327962/monthly_2022_03/small.SAM_3462.JPG.636d14d0a964140c9d63fb66aa5f685f.JPG)
From the album: Fossil Amber and Copal: Worldwide Localities
"Bitterfeld Amber" Goitzsche Opencast Mine Bitterfeld-Wolfen, Saxony-Anhalt State, Germany Friedersdorf and Zöckeritz Sub-Horizons Bernsteinschluff Horizon Cottbus Fm. (25.5-23.5 Ma [min.]) Specimen A (Clear): 2.7g / 33x21x19mm Lighting: 140lm LED The origin of Bitterfeld amber has been the subject of much serious study and debate, especially within the last couple decades; it was originally believed to be redeposited material from the northern Baltic amber deposits, based mainly on the similarity of insect inclusions, but also due to their similarity in visual appearance and hardness. Chemical analyses of the amber by different authors, has recently shown that Bitterfeld amber came from a botanical and geographical source different from that of Baltic amber. Botanical Source: Recent chemical analyses (especially FTIR and ToF-SIMS) have shown significant differences; Baltic amber generally contains higher concentrations of succinic and communic acids, while Bitterfeld amber contains more dehydroabietic acid. Due to the presence of a specific triterpenoid (allobetulane class), Bitterfeld amber is believed to have been produced by a member of the Betulaceae Family (Birch). Age: Bitterfeld and Baltic ambers’ levels of carbon and hydrogen isotopes are extremely similar, indicating they are roughly the same age; Bitterfeld amber is found in Late Oligocene strata, which is younger than that which Baltic amber is found in: Bitterfeld amber was redeposited from nearby sources, before it was deposited into its current geological Formation (Cottbus), and was believed to have been carried northward into a delta by river action. Geological Setting: Bitterfeld amber shares a similar geological setting to Siegburgite, which it is found in association with. The upper portion of the Cottbus Fm., host to the large amber and coal reserves, was formed during the late Oligocene: the North Sea ingressed an area between two stretches of land running NE to SW, and as sea levels fell, forests developed, laying down organic matter; sea levels rose, and covered the organic matter in marine sediments. Bitterfeld amber is found in the lignite-sand, and lignite-clay layers of the upper portion of the Cottbus Fm., which amber-bearing layers are situated beneath the Bitterfeld Main Coal Seam, and above the Breitenfeld Seam: these layers constitute the “Bernsteinschluff” master horizon, which contains the upper “Friedersdorf” and lower “Zöckeritz” sub-horizons, which are particularly rich in amber. Differing levels of hydrogen isotopes in Baltic and Bitterfeld ambers indicate distinct geographical sources. There was a minimum of 3-degrees latitude difference between the northernmost Bitterfeld amber forests and the southernmost Baltic amber forests. Mining History: The Goitzsche Mine originally began coal production around 1949, and in 1955 amber was discovered; active mining of this amber began in 1975 until the Goitzsche Opencast Mine finally closed in 1991. From 1991 to 1999, the Goitzsche became subject to reclamation efforts, which involved flooding the mine with water, which was conducted from the nearby Mulde River. On 4/13/2000, the reclaimed site officially became a public recreation area. Sources: "The First Fossil Cyphophthalmid (Arachnida: Opiliones), from Bitterfeld Amber, Germany"; Jason A., Gonzalo Giribet 2003 "Geography - Coal Mining in the Goitzsche/ The geology of the Goitzsche"; Europagymnasium Walther-Rathenau-Bitterfeld Comeniusprojekt "Die Bernsteinlagerstätte Bitterfeld, nur ein Höhepunkt des Vorkommens von Bernstein (Succinit) im Tertiär Mitteldeutschlands"; Fuhrman 2005 “Bitterfeld amber is not Baltic amber: Three geochemical tests and further constraints on the botanical affinities of succinate”; Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology; Wolfe, et. al. 2015 “Chemical and spectroscopic signatures of resins from Sumatra (Sarolangun mine, Jambi Province) and Germany (Bitterfeld, Saxony-Anhalt)”; Scientific Reports, Issue 10; Drzewicz, et. al. 2020 http://www.regionalgeologie-ost.de/Abb. 23.11 Halle-Merseburger Tertiaer.pdf?fbclid=IwAR0Rr9hVIGK28Bb2pzEcWxw3PG4TGS42HaKOS99vwcT8_ivqgi9EiclEWa0© Kaegen Lau
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Bitterfeld Amber (Cottbus Fm., 25.5-23.5 Ma [min.])
Barrelcactusaddict posted a gallery image in Member Collections
![Bitterfeld Amber (Cottbus Fm., 25.5-23.5 Ma [min.])](//content.invisioncic.com/e327962/monthly_2022_03/small.SAM_3461.JPG.9f9fe6a6202aa0de4eff8256738ce495.JPG)
From the album: Fossil Amber and Copal: Worldwide Localities
"Bitterfeld Amber" Goitzsche Opencast Mine Bitterfeld-Wolfen, Saxony-Anhalt State, Germany Friedersdorf and Zöckeritz Sub-Horizons Bernsteinschluff Horizon Cottbus Fm. (25.5-23.5 Ma [min.]) Specimen A (Clear): 2.7g / 33x21x19mm Lighting: 140lm LED The origin of Bitterfeld amber has been the subject of much serious study and debate, especially within the last couple decades; it was originally believed to be redeposited material from the northern Baltic amber deposits, based mainly on the similarity of insect inclusions, but also due to their similarity in visual appearance and hardness. Chemical analyses of the amber by different authors, has recently shown that Bitterfeld amber came from a botanical and geographical source different from that of Baltic amber. Botanical Source: Recent chemical analyses (especially FTIR and ToF-SIMS) have shown significant differences; Baltic amber generally contains higher concentrations of succinic and communic acids, while Bitterfeld amber contains more dehydroabietic acid. Due to the presence of a specific triterpenoid (allobetulane class), Bitterfeld amber is believed to have been produced by a member of the Betulaceae Family (Birch). Age: Bitterfeld and Baltic ambers’ levels of carbon and hydrogen isotopes are extremely similar, indicating they are roughly the same age; Bitterfeld amber is found in Late Oligocene strata, which is younger than that which Baltic amber is found in: Bitterfeld amber was redeposited from nearby sources, before it was deposited into its current geological Formation (Cottbus), and was believed to have been carried northward into a delta by river action. Geological Setting: Bitterfeld amber shares a similar geological setting to Siegburgite, which it is found in association with. The upper portion of the Cottbus Fm., host to the large amber and coal reserves, was formed during the late Oligocene: the North Sea ingressed an area between two stretches of land running NE to SW, and as sea levels fell, forests developed, laying down organic matter; sea levels rose, and covered the organic matter in marine sediments. Bitterfeld amber is found in the lignite-sand, and lignite-clay layers of the upper portion of the Cottbus Fm., which amber-bearing layers are situated beneath the Bitterfeld Main Coal Seam, and above the Breitenfeld Seam: these layers constitute the “Bernsteinschluff” master horizon, which contains the upper “Friedersdorf” and lower “Zöckeritz” sub-horizons, which are particularly rich in amber. Differing levels of hydrogen isotopes in Baltic and Bitterfeld ambers indicate distinct geographical sources. There was a minimum of 3-degrees latitude difference between the northernmost Bitterfeld amber forests and the southernmost Baltic amber forests. Mining History: The Goitzsche Mine originally began coal production around 1949, and in 1955 amber was discovered; active mining of this amber began in 1975 until the Goitzsche Opencast Mine finally closed in 1991. From 1991 to 1999, the Goitzsche became subject to reclamation efforts, which involved flooding the mine with water, which was conducted from the nearby Mulde River. On 4/13/2000, the reclaimed site officially became a public recreation area. Sources: "The First Fossil Cyphophthalmid (Arachnida: Opiliones), from Bitterfeld Amber, Germany"; Jason A., Gonzalo Giribet 2003 "Geography - Coal Mining in the Goitzsche/ The geology of the Goitzsche"; Europagymnasium Walther-Rathenau-Bitterfeld Comeniusprojekt "Die Bernsteinlagerstätte Bitterfeld, nur ein Höhepunkt des Vorkommens von Bernstein (Succinit) im Tertiär Mitteldeutschlands"; Fuhrman 2005 “Bitterfeld amber is not Baltic amber: Three geochemical tests and further constraints on the botanical affinities of succinate”; Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology; Wolfe, et. al. 2015 “Chemical and spectroscopic signatures of resins from Sumatra (Sarolangun mine, Jambi Province) and Germany (Bitterfeld, Saxony-Anhalt)”; Scientific Reports, Issue 10; Drzewicz, et. al. 2020 http://www.regionalgeologie-ost.de/Abb. 23.11 Halle-Merseburger Tertiaer.pdf?fbclid=IwAR0Rr9hVIGK28Bb2pzEcWxw3PG4TGS42HaKOS99vwcT8_ivqgi9EiclEWa0© Kaegen Lau
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Siegburgite (Cottbus Fm., 25.5-23.5 Ma [min.])
Barrelcactusaddict posted a gallery image in Member Collections
![Siegburgite (Cottbus Fm., 25.5-23.5 Ma [min.])](//content.invisioncic.com/e327962/monthly_2022_03/small.SAM_3441.JPG.ca7b76f239d7fe80b0482f349d647a4a.JPG)
From the album: Fossil Amber and Copal: Worldwide Localities
"Siegburgite" Goitzsche Opencast Mine Bitterfeld-Wolfen, Saxony-Anhalt State, Germany Bernsteinschluff Horizon Cottbus Fm. (25.5-23.5 Ma [min.]) Chemical Composition: C: 81.37%, H: 5.26%, O: 13.37%, Cinnamic Acid: 0.0073% Specimen A (Top Left): 0.4g / 14x12x6mm Specimen B (Top Right): 0.5g / 14x14x8mm Specimen C (Bottom Left): 0.3g / 14x12x4mm Specimen D (Bottom Right): 0.2g / 13x10x4mm *I did not take a photograph of these specimens under longwave UV, due to the fluorescent response of Siegburgite being so weak; they fluoresce a dull burgundy. Siegburgite is referred to as an "accessory resin", but is considered a true amber. It occurs alongside several other accessory resin species, as well as the more well-known Bitterfeld amber. Siegburgite is a fascinating amber, and is one of the few fossil resins classified as a Class III resin; it is essentially a natural polystyrene, found as concretions where it is a binding agent to fine sand and mica: the sand is often evenly distributed, and is variable in proportion to the resin, occasionally more than 60%. Siegburgite is highly flammable. Siegburgite was produced by a plant of the genus Liquidambar (Hamamelidaceae Family, also commonly known as the "witch-hazel" family): within the fresh resin, known as storax or copalm balsam, cinnamic acid and esters quickly decarboxylate (chemical reaction that removes a carboxyl group, and releases carbon dioxide), forming styrene; upon its burial, the newly-formed styrene underwent polymerization over tens of millions of years, as it became polystyrene. It is found in the lignite (German: "Braunkohle"), lignite-sand, and lignite-clay layers of the upper portion of the Cottbus Formation; Bitterfeld amber is also found within this Formation. The amber- and accessory resin-bearing layers are situated beneath the Bitterfeld Main Coal Seam, and above the Breitenfeld Seam. The Goitzsche Mine, from which Siegburgite and other fossil resins were obtained, opened in 1949 and closed in 1991. Sources: "Siegburgite, a new Fossil Resin."; Jahrbuch für Mineralogie 1875; pp. 128-133; A. V. Lasaulx "Roman Amber Identified as Siegburgite"; p. 12; Dietz, Catanzariti, Quintero, Jimeno 2013 "The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana 1837-1868: Descriptive Mineralogy"; p. 1005; Dana 1892 "Biology of Amber-Producing Trees: Focus on Case Studies of Hymenaea and Agathis"; p. 9; Jean H. Langenheim 1995 "The First Fossil Cyphophthalmid (Arachnida: Opiliones), from Bitterfeld Amber, Germany"; Jason A., Gonzalo Giribet 2003 "Geography - Coal Mining in the Goitzsche/ The geology of the Goitzsche"; Europagymnasium Walther-Rathenau-Bitterfeld Comeniusprojekt "Die Bernsteinlagerstätte Bitterfeld, nur ein Höhepunkt des Vorkommens von Bernstein (Succinit) im Tertiär Mitteldeutschlands"; Fuhrman 2005 http://www.regionalgeologie-ost.de/Abb. 23.11 Halle-Merseburger Tertiaer.pdf?fbclid=IwAR1RiYz3wsaHe-k20RnzaZv4jZt29VpR9oxrndNKKQ7ueDaygvpPC4peqVQ© Kaegen Lau
![Bitterfeld Amber (Cottbus Fm., 25.5-23.5 Ma [min.])](http://content.invisioncic.com/e327962/monthly_2022_03/small.SAM_3466.JPG.7bb00d9209beaa56c79712f4e8fb6e5a.JPG)
![Bitterfeld Amber (Cottbus Fm., 25.5-23.5 Ma [min.])](http://content.invisioncic.com/e327962/monthly_2022_03/small.SAM_3465.JPG.e52162273670006dc1f9ba3cc6ee5fec.JPG)
![Bitterfeld Amber (Cottbus Fm., 25.5-23.5 Ma [min.])](http://content.invisioncic.com/e327962/monthly_2022_03/small.SAM_3464.JPG.51980b56cd116b2904e4cde756b0fb43.JPG)
![Bitterfeld Amber (Cottbus Fm., 25.5-23.5 Ma [min.])](http://content.invisioncic.com/e327962/monthly_2022_03/small.SAM_3463.JPG.4a8428c457b90d73df6ad081dcd6e2fe.JPG)
![Bitterfeld Amber (Cottbus Fm., 25.5-23.5 Ma [min.])](http://content.invisioncic.com/e327962/monthly_2022_03/small.SAM_3462.JPG.636d14d0a964140c9d63fb66aa5f685f.JPG)
![Bitterfeld Amber (Cottbus Fm., 25.5-23.5 Ma [min.])](http://content.invisioncic.com/e327962/monthly_2022_03/small.SAM_3461.JPG.9f9fe6a6202aa0de4eff8256738ce495.JPG)
![Siegburgite (Cottbus Fm., 25.5-23.5 Ma [min.])](http://content.invisioncic.com/e327962/monthly_2022_03/small.SAM_3441.JPG.ca7b76f239d7fe80b0482f349d647a4a.JPG)