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Last year, I drew a Hyneria lindae, based off of recent discoveries and related fish. As soon as I finished it, I started working on a Hynerpeton bassetti, the Ichthyostegoid from the same site that is known from a shoulder girdle and a jaw, and possibly some other material as well. Hynerpeton is known to have been more muscular than Ichthyostega, because of the larger muscle attachments on its cleithrum (shoulder), and at one point was thought to have lost its external gills, but significant doubt has been cast on the evidence for this claim. Hynerpeton's jaw is not as robust as another stegocephalian from the site, Densignathus rowei, which was more derived and muscular. For this reconstruction, the skull (which is covered in skin but fully reconstructed) was based off of Ichthyostega, but the jugal bone was based off of a specimen from Red Hill that has been attributed to Hynerpeton. The shape of this bone affected those around it and suggest slightly different proportions in Hynerpeton than in Ichthyostega, especially concerning the shape of the orbit. The shoulder was incorporated so that the shape of the trunk would be correct, and the foot pads were based off of tetrapod footprints from the Early to Middle Devonian. The lateral line is again based off of its placement of Ichthyostega, as were the scales. In the background, above the water's surface, a forest of Archaeopteris spp. trees and Otzinochsonia beerboweri lycopsids is visible; within the murky river, the red mud that gave Red Hill its name after it was deposited is covered over with plants. This reconstruction is meant to be a sequel to my Hyneria lindae reconstruction I finished about five months ago; unfortunately, I have no specimens of Hynerpeton, which is very rare. If anyone would like to see any citations for the papers that I used in making this reconstructions, please ask below. Enjoy!
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Very common placoderm at Red Hill site, but rarely articulated. Diagnosis. A small groenlandaspidid with a short head shield and tall and narrow dorsal trunk elements. The head shield is almost as wide as long (average W/L equals 0.96). The pineal is divided into two distinct plates in every specimen and the postmarginal makes contact with the postorbital plate, excluding the marginal plate from the lateral margin of the head shield. A continuation of the supraorbital sensory line reaches the caudal margin of the paranuchal plate. The PDL has an average H/L ratio of 2.42. The posterodorsal projection of the PDL is short and angled sharply upward so that the overlap zone for the MD does not reach the caudal margin of the element. The height of the symphysial area on the visceral surface of the PDL is 40% of the total height of the element. The MD is also high and narrow and approximately equal in height to the PDL. The MD has numerous coarse serrations along the caudal margin and tubercles on the lateral surfaces that form rows parallel to the ventral margin. ADL, anterior dorsolateral plate; AL, anterior lateral plate; AMV, anterior median ventral plate; APi, anterior pineal plate; AVL, anterior ventrolateral plate; Ce, central plate; IL, interolateral plate; M, marginal plate; MD, median dorsal plate; Nu, nuchal plate; PDL, posterior dorsolateral plate; Pi, pineal plate; PL, posterior lateral plate; PM, postmarginal plate; PMV, posterior median ventral plate; PNu, paranuchal plate; PPi, posterior pineal plate; PrO, preorbital plate; Psp, parasphenoid; PtO, postorbital plate; PVL, posterior ventrolateral plate; R, rostral plate; Sgn, supragnathal; SP, spinal plate. EDWARD B. DAESCHLER,1* ANNA C. FRUMES2 AND C. FREDERICK MULLISON1 Records of the Australian Museum (2003) Vol. 55: 45–60. ISSN 0067-1975
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I recently finished this reconstruction of the giant Tristichopterid fish, Hyneria lindae, from the Catskill Formation in Northern Pennsylvania. It is based off of the most recent (2018) paper concerning Hyneria lindae, which can be found here. Made in Paint.net, many skull bones are re-shaped from my previous reconstruction I released a couple years ago, including the opercular (gill cover) and associated bones. The color pattern I used is based off of the Norther Pike, which is very similar in overall form and likely also lifestyle to this fish. The scales and their frills are based off of scales figured in the paper, as well as fossils I have collected myself from the legendary Red Hill fossil site in North Bend, PA. The body is based on Eusthenopteron foordi, with special reference to the P-22 specimen that revealed so much about this related fish. The tail is based directly off of the amazing Hyneria specimen found in the paper and in the Red Hill Field Museum. Parts of the tail in the reconstruction were even traced from this fossil, which is pictured below as well. The picture below that is of a Hyneria opercular I excavated, which inspired me to finish this project. While Hyneria was a very low-metabolism, ambush-hunting fish, I wanted to depict it peacefully, and yet not in a mostly static pose while waiting for prey. I hope this reconstruction provides an accurate depiction of Hyneria lindae as we know it in 2023, but with more detail than the 2018 Jason Poole reconstruction which helped me greatly to reconstruct this ancient Devonian fish. And the Hyneria lindae tail from the Red Hill Field Museum: The Hyneria opercular from Red Hill, from a 6-8 foot long fish: Resources I used to make this reconstruction: For reconstruction of the skull bones, scales, and tail: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324883784_New_description_and_diagnosis_of_Hyneria_lindae_Sarcopterygii_Tristichopteridae_from_the_Upper_Devonian_Catskill_Formation_in_Pennsylvania_USA The Eusthenopteron foordi reconstructions on this website were incredibly helpful, especially when illustrating the mouth of Hyneria. Coincidentally, I reconstructed the Hyneria mouth at a similar angle to one of the pictures on the website, way before I knew about it. https://www.cullentownsenddesign.com/eusthenopteronfoordi For ecology and lifestyle: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329371242_Long-bone_development_and_life-history_traits_of_the_Devonian_tristichopterid_Hyneria_lindae For the rod-like projections found at the bases of the fins: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/The-famous-P-222-specimen-of-Eusthenopteron-foordi-before-its-skull-was-destroyed-by_fig5_362872177 For the fins themselves: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/213770274_Vertebral_development_in_the_Devonian_Sarcopterygian_fish_Eusthenopteron_foordi_and_the_polarity_of_vertebral_evolution_in_non-amniote_tetrapods The release of the Hyneria udlezinye paper to the public proved essential to my reconstruction, because the full skull reconstruction helped me fill in the gaps that exist in our knowledge of H. lindae's anatomy. Its different proportions caused me to look at those of H. lindae's more closely. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/368718778_A_high_latitude_Gondwanan_species_of_the_Late_Devonian_tristichopterid_Hyneria_Osteichthyes_Sarcopterygii The 2018 Jason Poole reconstruction of Hyneria lindae was very helpful and helped inspire the project. https://www.anspblog.org/illustrating-a-devonian-predator-part-2/ The older, 2009 Flick Ford reconstruction of Hyneria can also be found on this post, above the newer one. This one has outdated proportions but was helpful because of its high detail, especially when reconstructing the fins. The work of Paleobiome, which can be found on this forum, also proved extremely helpful. Working with Paleobiome with his reconstruction of Hyneria lindae helped me look critically at my own as I was working on it, resulting in a higher detail, more accurate reconstruction with more realistic lighting. Check out his reconstructions for a full, real-time, first-person simulation of Red Hill, including his Hyneria, here: https://sketchfab.com/paleobiome/collections/famennian-red-hill-pennsylvania-f1cd53241c884e1884e99f40c9f2c304 For my previous reconstruction of Hyneria lindae, based very (a little too closely?) off of one of Jason Poole's older 2005 reconstructions of H. lindae, you can see it on my website, here. In this reconstruction, the fins were not shaped correctly, and were supported by extra bones, the body tapers in a peculiar way, the opercular series, including the submandibularbranchialstegal (whew!) bone were too large, the jaw too jutting, the head the wrong shape and many of its bones reconstructed incorrectly. The water is a simple gradient. I feel that my newer reconstruction is a major improvement and has helped me grow as an artist. To see some of my other recent artwork, visit my Seven Stars page, where I am in the process of building an educational guide to a special Middle Devonian fossil locality where beginner through expert fossil hunters and paleontologists have enjoyed collecting fossils for more than half a century. The guide is far from done and will not be for a long while, but it includes diagrams, life reconstructions, identification guides, and information about many fossil groups. It was made with beginners in mind, but will be useful for experts too.
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From the album: Misha's Late Devonian Fossils
Bergaueria sp. Burrowing anemones ichnofossils Lock Haven Formation/ Catskill Fm boundary Late Devonian Pennsylvania- 2 comments
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From the album: Misha's Late Devonian Fossils
Hyneria lindae Large tristichopterid fish tooth My first complete tooth from Hyneria without significant feeding damage. Largest one too, unfortunately broke apart when getting it out, but was able to salvage and glue together the major pieces. Catskill Formation Fammenian Pennsylvania -
From the album: Misha's Late Devonian Fossils
Langlieria radiatus Tristichopterid skull piece, possibly opercular Catskill Formation Fammenian Late Devonian Pennsylvania- 1 comment
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From the album: Misha's Late Devonian Fossils
Archaeopteris sp. Early progymnosperm frond and other plant debris Fammenian Catskill Formation Pennsylvania-
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From the album: Misha's Late Devonian Fossils
Arthrodire placoderm bone Unknown species Found near the boundary of the marine Catskill and Lock Haven Fms in light gray colored sandstone Unfortunately the bone was very weathered and fell apart while splitting down the matrix, this is what I was able to piece back together. Lock Haven Formation Frasnian-Fammenian Pennsylvania-
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From the album: Misha's Late Devonian Fossils
This is a large scale from maybe a Tristichopterid fish? Found at a roadcut in the Catskill Fm. Rte 15, Late Devonian, Catskill Fm., PA- 3 comments
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From the album: Misha's Late Devonian Fossils
Another unidentified fish tooth from the same Rte 15 roadcut. Late Devonian, Catskill Fm., PA.-
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From the album: Misha's Late Devonian Fossils
Small (~1cm long) fish tooth from a Catskill formation Road Cut. Late Devonian, Catskill Fm., PA.-
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So here is my 2021 summary of my collecting trips to the late Devonian Catskill formation of Pennsylvania. I have been collecting for the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia for the past few years. A Tristichopterid skull collected at the Cogan House exit on RT15 in the 2019 season was just described as a new species of Eusthenodon in JVP, Daeschler et. al.. Very exciting! All three trips to PA this year included Red Hill. While the forestry department was very limiting on the use of power tools, they seem to not care too much if people collect with hand tools. The problem is most of the easier surface and near surface material has been collected over the many years the site has been worked. Now, the only way to discover any new tetrapod material is to move large quantities of rock. So that's been the challenge. How much stone can be moved with hammer and chisel with 64 year old wrists? Anyways, I was able to recover a number of interesting specimens although nothing has been id'd as tetrapod so far. These have all been sent to ANSP for analysis. This head plate with what I thought were lateral line canals (Y shape in middle) had a different ornament from other specimens of Hyneria I have. I had also convinced myself the curved surface on the left side and lower image appeared to be orbits but the experts determined it to be just a run of the mill Hyneria post parietal shield. ….It was exciting for a while. Even though this endochondral bone was found in with some exceptionally well preserved material it must have experience some significant transport before being deposited. With a thin blade at the top and some hefty bone at the bottom, I thought this might be id'able but no such luck. I still feel like it must be a shoulder girdle. Not sure what else it could be?? This is another endochondral bone found closely associated with the others. It is minimally a mesomere element of a fin but compares well with the radius of Ichthyostega (see below). Unfortunately, it again being an isolated element has not been id'd at this point. Unfortunately, this mesomere element split when I was removing the head plate. It seems to compare well with an ulna/tibia from a sarcopterygian fin. Here it is with the above "radius"? Finally, the one id'd significant fossil from the season! This bone was found at the Cogan House exit on RT 15. Ted Daeschler was pretty quickly able to id it as a lungfish lower jaw, probably something like Soederbergia.
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I recently found this fossil while walking in a shale creek bed in Cuyahoga County, Ohio (Northeast Ohio just south of Cleveland). The area is late Devonian - early Mississippian. The piece is approximately 11cm x 7cm (4.25in x 2.75in). Any help in identifying it would be greatly appreciated.
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- cuyahoga shale
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Lately Natalie is surpassing me on finding cephalopods. It is not every day that we find a Crickites sp. In the field, let alone a well preserved specimen with the living chamber. So I went to work to prep her precious find: It was a very promising looking specimen and it lived up to the expectations. Crickites sp. Late Devonian ( Frasnian ) Matagne formation Chimay area ( Belgium )
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Attached are photos of a fossil rock my son found in the eastern TN mountains in May 2017. We had stopped near the top of amountain in the Clinch Mountain range and this was sitting in small wash pile on the side of the road (it had recently rained; I had been told by a UTK Paleobiology professor that the mountains around Bean Station and road cuts along highway 25E in that area might yield Ordovician fossils, as many would weather out and could be found lying on the ground). I believe that these are mostly trace fossils - fossil burrows or thalassinoides, along with some corals and brachiopods, but I can’t seem to find much information about marine trace fossils in that area, other than this is the Benholt Formation, and the spot has a lot of echinoderms and brachiopods. I believe that this would date from late Devonian or early Mississippian periods, but this is merely a guess, based on the few small fossil shell impressions in the rock. Any thoughts or insights are appreciated, thanks! Betsy
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It has been a while since I've posted on the forum, so here is a prepwork from this weekend It is a late devonian orthocone, it was quite a hustle to get this out of the rock, it broke in 3 pieces during the extraction in the field. Only a part of the shell was exposed, so I took a whole lenght of matrix back hoping that it contained a whole specimen, and it did The prepwork went realy well, and even the tip of the orthocone was preserved. The 3 parts glued back together, showing only a glimps of the orthocone: clearing out the fossil: a bit of marble treatment on the shell and done
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Found this on my phone from two years ago not sure what i am supposed to be looking at? Threw water on it for some reason. Whole rock is about a foot long.
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Dear Guys, I recently found this flat tooth like remain in Devonian fluvial sandstone erratic, it is 6.5 mm length. I think it is some kind of placoderm but I very need the professional opinion. Order or family of this tooth would be very helpful! It is found in Varena town, South Lithuania. Best Regards Domas
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Dear Guys, I noticed many different forms of Lungfish dental plates in my collection, especially from Late Famennian dolomites from the Zagare quarry. Please help to identify genera of these teeth, if you cannot do it then please help to find a specialist on this type and age of remains if you could. Best Regards Domas
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- chirodipteridae
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It has been a while since I posted something decent on the forum. But to make up I got some preps from my last field trip ( from which I also failed to write a report :s ) All those goniatites are from my last visit in my favorite quarry, I got lucky that day, the activity in the quarry cleared out a perfect layer with lots of big cephalopods. Before I pose the prepped specimens, her is an overvieuw of what I found that day. It may not look as much, but those are all rocks with goniatite fossils in it.
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