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References: Knobloch, Ervin (1998): Der pliozäne Laubwald von Willershausen am Harz (Mitteleuropa). München, Documenta Naturae. 1998. 302 S.
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References: Knobloch, Ervin (1998): Der pliozäne Laubwald von Willershausen am Harz (Mitteleuropa). München, Documenta Naturae. 1998. 302 S.
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From the album: Invertebrates
Stomoxys sp. Stable Fly or Biting House Fly Late Pliocene Piacenzian Willershausen a. Harz Lower Saxony Germany Unfortunately the wings are not preserved. An adult stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans, on an aloe vera leaf. Specimen is approx 10mm in length. Taken by user Fir0002 in Swifts Creek, Victoria in February 2007 (from Wikimedia Commons)-
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Taxonomy from Fossilworks.org. Diagnosis from Gaudant 1997, p. 9 (translated from french by oilshale):"Tench with scalloped caudal fin whose length of the axial lepidotriches equals approximately 2/3 of the length of the longest rays of each lobe. Spinal column composed of 36 to 39 vertebrae. Body covered with large cycloid scales of oval shape." Identified by oilshale using Gaudant 1997. References: Weiler, W. (1933) Die Fischreste aus dem Oberpliocän von Willershausen. Arch. Hydrobiol. 25. p. 291-304. Gaudant, Jean (1997): L'ichthyofaune pliocène de Willershausen am Harz (Basse Saxe, Allemagne) – un réexamen. Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde / B; 1997, 51 p.10 pl., 24 fig.
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Taxonomy from Fossilworks.org. Diagnosis from Gaudant 1997, p. 23 (translated from french by oilshale):"Perches that differ from the present species Perca fluviatilis L. by their sagitta possessing a relatively massive rostrum with a rounded anterior end, by the composition of the posterior dorsal fin which has 11 to 13 lepidotriches, whereas Perca fluviatilis L. generally has 13 to 16, and finally by the smaller size of their scales, the number of which can be estimated at about 65 to 80 along the lateral line, whereas it is 60 to 70 in Perca fluviatilis L." Identified by oilshale using Gaudant 1997. References: Weiler, W. (1933) Die Fischreste aus dem Oberpliocän von Willershausen. Arch. Hydrobiol. 25. p. 291-304. Gaudant, Jean (1997): L'ichthyofaune pliocène de Willershausen am Harz (Basse Saxe, Allemagne) – un réexamen. Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde / B; 1997, 51 p.10 pl., 24 fig.
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- lower saxony
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From the album: Invertebrates
Eriotremex sp. Horntail Late Pliocene Piacenzian Willershausen a. Harz Lower Saxony Germany-
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A very common insect in the sediments of Willershausen. Taxonomy according to Kohring & Schlüter 1993. Line drawing of the forewing from Kohring & Schlüter 1993, p. 194: Identified by oilshale using Kohring & Schlüter 1993. Reference: Kohring, R & Schlüter, T. (1993): Sciariden (Insecta: Diptera: Nematocera) aus dem Oberpliozän von Willershausen. Berliner geowissenschaftliche Abhandlungen (E), 9, p. 191-199; Berlin
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Taxonomy from Fossilworks.org. Diagnosis from Gaudant 1997, p. 9 (translated from french by oilshale):"Tench with scalloped caudal fin whose length of the axial lepidotriches equals approximately 2/3 of the length of the longest rays of each lobe. Spinal column composed of 36 to 39 vertebrae. Body covered with large cycloid scales of oval shape." Identified by oilshale using Gaudant 1997. References: Weiler, W. (1933) Die Fischreste aus dem Oberpliocän von Willershausen. Arch. Hydrobiol. 25. p. 291-304. Gaudant, Jean (1997): L'ichthyofaune pliocène de Willershausen am Harz (Basse Saxe, Allemagne) – un réexamen. Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde / B; 1997, 51 p.10 pl., 24 fig.
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Lit.: Rafael Gioia Martins-Neto (2003): The Fossil Tabanids (Diptera Tabanidae): When They Began to Appreciate Warm Blood and When They Began Transmit Diseases? Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Vol. 98(Suppl. I): 29-34, 2003
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References: Schmidt, G. (1967): Die Bockkäfer (Cerambycidae) von Willershausen. Berichte der Naturhistorischen Gesellschaft Hannover 111, 1967, 113-120. Schweigert, G. (2003). Alpenbock und Hirschkäfer im Pliozän von Willershausen. Fossilien 20, 178-182. Gersdorf, E.: Dritter Beitrag über Käfer (Coleoptera) aus dem Jungtertiär von Willershausen, Bl Northeim 4226. Geologisches Jahrbuch A 36, 103-145.
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Lit.: Knobloch, Ervin (1998): Der pliozäne Laubwald von Willershausen am Harz (Mitteleuropa) München. Documenta Naturae. 1998. 302 S. : Ill. Documenta naturae 120.
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Taxonomy from GBIF.org. Diagnosis by Špinar 1980, p. 5 (translated from German by oilshale): "Medium to large frog (see Table 5). The species is characterized by following characteristics: 1. small skull in the shape of a Gothic arch. Its length is not quite 1/5 of the body length (in the species Rana temporaria almost 1/4 of the body length). 2. ossa fronto-parietalia orocaudally elongated with concurrent edges on thesurface of bone; mutually trough-shaped incurved and caudally broadened. 3. pars medialis ossis nasalis broad, irregularly triangular, process laterahs of same bone long. 4. maxilla toothed up to 2/3 of its length. 5. maxillary arch complete; processus frontalis of maxillary short, broad, truncated; lateral process not reaching nasal. 6. quadratojugals long. 7. Vertebral column long, consisting of 9 long, mostly procoelous vertebrae. Ribs absent. They are fused with processus transversi. 8. processus transversus of 3rd vertebra most directed laterocaudally. 9. processus transversus of sacral vertebra cylindrical, narrow, forming an angle of 35-42° with transverse plane. 10. urostylus conspicuously narrow, long, rod-shaped, with 2 articular pits on the proximal end. 11. shoulder girdle firmistern. 12. cleithrum well ossified, broad; margo scapularis and margo caudalis forming an angle of about 31 -32°. 13. scapula broad, strong, even broader to margo cleithralis. 14. ilium with low, bean-shaped tuber superius, as well as low, long crest (crista ossis ischii). 15. femur shorter than os cruris. Total length of both bones less than length of body - measured from oral end of intermaxillare to the caudal end of the ischium. 16. calcaneus bent through on the tibial side. 17. webbing between toes of hind foot well developed. In the 4th toe it extends to middle of 3rd phalanx. 18. hind limbs conspicuously dark striped." Identified by oilshale. References: Špinar, Z. V. (1980): Fossile Raniden aus dem oberen Pliozän von Willershausen (Niedersachsen). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde / Ser. B, Nr. 53, pp. 1-53, 9 Taf., 25 Abb., 8 Tab.
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References Gregor, H. & Knobloch, E. (2000) Ergaenzungen zur Flora von Willershausen am Harz. Documenta Naturae, 132, pp 27-35 Knobloch, Ervin (1998): Der pliozäne Laubwald von Willershausen am Harz (Mitteleuropa) München. Documenta Naturae. 1998. 302 S. : Ill.. Documenta naturae 120.
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The wing venation of this fossil cicada is indistinguishable from that of a recent Tibicina haematodes, hence Tibicina haematodes foss. Scopoli, 1763. A recent Tibicina haematodes (taken from Wikipedia, own work by Dodoni, 1. 10. 2007) Lit.: Wagner, W. (1967): Die Singzikaden (Homoptera, Cicadidae) aus dem Pliozän von Willershausen/Westharz. Bericht der Naturhistorischen Gesellschaft Hannover, Band 111. Wagner, W. (1968): Eine afrikanische Schaumzikade, Ptyelus grossus Fabricius, 1781 fossilis aus dem Pliozän von Willershausen (Homoptera, Aphrophoridae). Berichte der Naturhistorischen Gesellschaft Hannover, Beiheft 6.
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Partial forewing. The venation of this fossil butterfly forewing is indistinguishable from that of a recent Black-veined Whites A. crataegi. References: Branscheid, F. (1969): Funde von Tagfaltern (Rhopalocera, Lepidoptera) im Pliozän von Willershausen. Berichte der Naturhistorischen Gesellschaft Hannover 113, 1969 Branscheid, F. (1968): Ein weiterer Schmetterlingsflügel von Willershausen. Berichte der Naturhistorischen Gesellschaft Hannover Beiheft 6, 1968 Branscheid, F.(1977): Fossile Schmetterlinge (Rhopalocera, Lepidoptera) aus dem Pliozän von Willershausen. Beitraege zur Naturkunde Niedersachsens. Hannover 1977; 30(4): 85-88. Brauckmann, C., Groening, E. (2001): Anmerkungen zu den bisher gefundenen Lepidopteren aus Willershausen. Jahresberichte des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins in Wuppertal, 54, 2001, 31-41. Kernbach, K. (1967): Über die im Pliozän gefundenen Schmetterlings- und Raupenreste. Berichte der Naturhistorischen Gesellschaft Hannover 111, 1967, p 103-108, Abb. 1-12.
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