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Back in May or so I got my hands on some micromatrix from the Harding Sandstone, CO, USA. This formation dates back to the Ordovician: ~450-475 mya. It's chock full of some really cool and important fossils. It has some of the earliest vertebrate material, and some of the earliest steps in the evolution of teeth! I hope this is an informative and fun look into an important period in life's history. If you feel I have mischaracterized something or have left out pertinent information, please do speak up! I do also plan to post more pictures as I sort through material. If there's something specific you would like a better view of, let me know. So without further ado, let's dive in! All the matrix I have came in this small vial (not all of it is in the vial - this is just what I still have to go through). It's been heavily concentrated. What you're seeing is a mix of shells, some sandstone bits, and vertebrate remains. The majority of the vertebrate material is from ostracoderms - armored fish whose skin was made of bone. They had no jaws, teeth, or fins. They look to me like a cross between an armadillo and a potato. Most of the fossils are of their skin-armor which was studded with "tubercles:" little bumps and ridges. These are important and we'll talk about them later. Also in the mix are scales from potentially the earliest sharks. It seems there is still debate on this, as they could also belong to another class of fish named the thelodonts. There are also the well-preserved "teeth" of conodonts. Conodonts were jawless, bug-eyed, hagfish-like animals.
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300-million-year-old fish resembles a sturgeon but took a different evolutionary path
Darbi posted a topic in Fossil News
https://phys.org/news/2020-06-million-year-old-fish-resembles-sturgeon-evolutionary.html?fbclid=IwAR3FE_g9MI_kaL_Nc25IdxqjMQ3F2cfBCq33zml_J4gRkPMkh8nPecNsYjw Jack Stack et al, Tanyrhinichthys mcallisteri, a long-rostrumed Pennsylvanian ray-finned fish (Actinopterygii) and the simultaneous appearance of novel ecomorphologies in Late Palaeozoic fishes, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (2020). DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa044 -
https://phys.org/news/2020-06-microfossil-spectroscopy-dates-earth-animals.html?fbclid=IwAR15tVkP0pUuvoyi-8ByQN2_GC-wRxUSND-0xkRdv5meV0zwY16MbPNGiqo Ross P. Anderson et al. Aluminosilicate haloes preserve complex life approximately 800 million years ago, Interface Focus (2020). DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2020.0011
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I have finally managed to persuade a teacher to let me do an at least slightly paleontological essay so i'm really happy, however the topic i'm doing is quite broad but i do have 1.5k words to summarise it in, i would like briefly outline the key crossroads in the evolutionary lineage of humans, i have shortened these to: Sarcopterygii-tetrapods , reptile to mammal, 4 legged to 2 legged , i would appreciate any opinions on this and any literature that anyone knew would be helpful, thanks again, will
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Just watched fascinating documentary on equid evolution- bout half on the origin (Dawn horse), then progresses to present-day..........Bone
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I am new to collecting meg teeth so I hope my question is not “dumb.” Are the tooth cusps on a C. chubutensis vestigial structures from the earlier three pronged tooth like on O. obliquus? I read a physics article about how the megs tooth serration evolves from the smaller prong teeth getting sharks caught on larger prey causing them damage. Did the improved serration as the sharks evolved to be larger lead adult C. megladon adults not having cusps at all? I hope the question makes sense.
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A new large Late Cretaceous lamniform shark from North America, with comments on the taxonomy, paleoecology, and evolution of the genus Cretodus Kenshu Shimada &Michael J. Everhart Article: e1673399 | Received 30 Nov 2018, Accepted 09 Sep 2019, Published online: 18 Nov 2019 LINK (description of Cretodus houghtonorum n.sp) edit:5,30 MB,or thereabouts relevant: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Containing Papers of a Biological Character Vol. 210 (1921), pp. 311-407 V I I I .— On the Calcification o f the Vertebral Centra in Sharks and Rays. B y W . G. R id e w o o d, D.Sc. 18 MB!!
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I keep thinking I must just be stupidly forgetting/overlooking something, but I haven’t been able to come up with it in a long time. There were birds during the Mesozoic(hesperonis, for example), long before theropods evolved into birds(after the Mesozoic, right? I thought all the already very bird-like Dino’s, like archaeopteryx, dead-ended at the end of the Mesozoic)....what am I missing, here? I’ve been looking at bird evolutionary charts, and none of them seem to make sense of that. I’m not all that learned on this topic, but there are things I at least THOUGHT I knew about it, but I’m now very confused because of it, and questioning how much I really DID know! This is is just another thing that’s caught my eye, that seems strange. I’ve always thought this wasn’t the case, but as I’ve said, I’ve never known very much about this whole subject. According to the charts I’ve seen that specify this aspect, songbirds and most birds in fact, are more closely related to the first Dino/birds than raptors are(hawks/eagles/falcons). Are raptor really some of the furthest related to dinos(seemingly in the furthest 15-20%, or so)? Lastly, I’m having a very hard time finding information on terror bird evolution, and where THEY fall within the bird tree. Is anyone familiar with that?
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A new normal: Study explains universal pattern in fossil record, Santa Fe Institute, June 26, 2019 https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/06/190626160341.htm http://www.terradaily.com/reports/A_new_normal_Study_explains_universal_pattern_in_fossil_record_999.html https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-06/sfi-ann061919.php The paper is: Rominger, A.J., Fuentes, M.A. and Marquet, P.A., 2019. Nonequilibrium evolution of volatility in origination and extinction explains fat-tailed fluctuations in Phanerozoic biodiversity. Science Advances, 5(6), p.eaat0122. (open access paper) https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/5/6/eaat0122.abstract Yours, Paul H.
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Natural History Museum Maastricht: Exhibition "Whale: Locality Maastricht"
ziggycardon posted a topic in A Trip to the Museum
Hi! I made a small visit to the Natural History Museum in Maastricht today to visit the new small exhibition named "Whale: Locality Maastricht" which centers around some Eocene whale bones from an undescribed whale found in the ENCI quarry in Maastricht. The exhibition explores further into the evolution of whales, it's a small exhibition but worth a visit if you haven't seen the museum or if you are really interested in whale evolution. Should any of our Dutch, Belgian & German members decide to visit (or international members who are in the area), then you should really grab a copy of the exhibition book. It is really cool and informative, it's only €2,50 but 125 pages long (both in dutch & english) and it covers the evolution of whales, the ENCI whale, modern whales & their biology and about whaling and whales in human history & myth. The exhibition book alone is well worth the visit in my opinion, I kinda compare it with the EOS magazine about Iguanodons & the book "Mammoths: ice age giants by Adrian Lister" but then about whales. So here are the photo's I made of the exhibition. The Exhibition Room: left: Metepocetus sp. neurocranium with preserved ear bones from Liessel in the Netherlands (Miocene) Right: Isoluted vertebrae of various whale species from Liessel in the Netherlands (Miocene) Isolated vertebrae of Eocene primordial whales (Archaeoceti) dredged from the buttom of the North Sea, for comparison with those of the "ENCI whale" Isolated vertebrae of Eocene primordial whales (Archaeoceti) dredged from the buttom of the North Sea, for comparison with those of the "ENCI whale" Smallest jaw: possibly Dorudon sp. from the late Eocene of Ad Dakhla in Morocco. Bigger jaw: possibly Pappocetus lugardi, from the middle Eocene of Ben Gueran in Morocco.- 9 replies
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Hello, I'm looking for a book to understand the evolutions of the birds, something easy to understand. I've found 3 books, anyone here ever read these books? https://www.amazon.com/Feathered-Dinosaurs-Origin-John-Long/dp/0195372662/ref=sr_1_16?keywords=evolution+of+the+birds&qid=1558129346&s=gateway&sr=8-16 https://www.amazon.com/Flying-Dinosaurs-Fearsome-Reptiles-Became/dp/0231171781/ref=sr_1_1?keywords=evolution+of+the+birds&qid=1558129346&s=gateway&sr=8-1 https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1421415909/ref=dbs_a_def_rwt_hsch_vapi_taft_p1_i0
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Chicken Evolution and Broiler Chicken as A Future Index Fossil
Oxytropidoceras posted a topic in Fossil News
The Evolution of the Chicken. Mark Berres. 2018.02.28 Wednesday Nite @ The Lab Published on Mar 1, 2018 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hXL2doMXWfg A related paper is: Bennett, C.E., Thomas, R., Williams, M., Zalasiewicz, J., Edgeworth, M., Miller, H., Coles, B., Foster, A., Burton, E.J. and Marume, U., 2018. The broiler chicken as a signal of a human reconfigured biosphere. Royal Society open science, 5(12), p.180325. https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.180325 Some news article are: It Could Be the Age of the Chicken, Geologically With 65 billion chickens consumed each year, the signature fossil of the modern epoch may be the leftovers. James Gorman, New York Times, https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/11/science/chicken-anthropocene-archaeology.html Are we living in the ‘age of the chicken’? Fossil record of man's time on Earth will be dominated by the bones of factory farmed hens Phoebe Weston Daily Mail https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-6487397/Age-chicken-Anthropocene-fossil-record-dominated-bones-factory-farmed-hens.html How the domestic chicken rose to define the Anthropocene. Over the past 70 years, the bird has become a global staple, and could be the key fossil evidence for human-influenced epoch Damian Carrington, The Guardian https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/aug/31/domestic-chicken-anthropocene-humanity-influenced-epoch https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/aug/29/declare-anthropocene-epoch-experts-urge-geological-congress-human-impact-earth Yours, Paul H.- 1 reply
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Fossil dino bones predate fossil dino eggs by over 100 million years? Wow. New studies of some of the earliest dino eggs shed light on egg evolution. https://www.google.com/amp/s/phys.org/news/2019-03-world-oldest-eggs-reveal-dinosaur.amp
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Bored? Read a book! here you can download books about fossils for free. On this web site https://epdf.tips/ you can download many interesting books about fossils.Search for "fossils", "cambrian" or other keywords and you can get a whole bunch of pdfs (just as an example these titles): Evolution of Fossil Ecosystems Paleogene Fossil Birds Fossil Atlas Fishes Chinese Fossil Vertebrates Discovering Fossil Fishes Fossil Behavior Compendium Trace Fossil Analysis Fossil Sharks, a pictorial review Paleobiology and the Fossil record Paleobotany Dinosaur Tracks and other Fossil Fossil Horses, Systematics Jehol Fossils The Crato Fossil Beds of Brazil The Cambrian Fossils of Chengjiang China Oregon Fossils …….. and many more! Have fun Thomas
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Multiple episodes of rapid evolutionary change may have been linked to climate and oxygen changes from 571 mya on. https://m.phys.org/news/2019-03-ancient-prompt-rethink-animal-evolution.html
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Below is an example of how weird and rapid evolution can be. I have to wonder how often this has happened in the past and how invisible it would beto a paleontologist with nothing but hard parts as fossils and the lack of temporal resolution in the geologic record. This Mutant Crayfish Clones Itself, and It’s Taking Over Europe Carl Zimmer. New York Times, Feb. 2018 https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/05/science/mutant-crayfish-clones-europe.html Decoding the mutant, all-female, self-cloning crayfish Kevin Bersett, University of Illinois, September 12, 2018 https://news.illinoisstate.edu/2018/09/decoding-the-mutant-all-female-self-cloning-crayfish The Genetic Mystery Of The Invasive Crayfish Clones, Science Friday https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/the-genetic-mystery-of-the-invasive-crayfish-clones/ the paper is: Gutekunst, J., Andriantsoa, R., Falckenhayn, C., Hanna, K., Stein, W., Rasamy, J. and Lyko, F., 2018. Clonal genome evolution and rapid invasive spread of the marbled crayfish. Nature ecology & evolution, 2(3), p.567. https://forum.breastcarenetwork.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Gutekunst-et-al.pdf https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-018-0467-9 Maybe it is time for a crayfish broil. Yours, Paul H.
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Fossils key to fulfilling Darwin's 160-year-old prediction
Oxytropidoceras posted a topic in Fossil News
Fossils key to fulfilling Darwin's 160-year-old prediction December 12, 2018, University of Salford https://phys.org/news/2018-12-fossils-key-fulfilling-darwin-year-old.html The paper is: Beck R.M.D., and Baillie C. 2018. Improvements in the fossil record may largely resolve current conflicts between morphological and molecular estimates of mammal phylogeny. Proc. R. Soc. B. 285: 20181632. https://www.biorxiv.org/content/early/2018/07/20/373191 https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2018/07/20/373191.full.pdf https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.1098/rspb.2018.1632 Yours, Paul H.-
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Tracing the evolutionary origins of fish to shallow ocean waters, University of Pennsylvania, October 25, 2018 https://phys.org/news/2018-10-evolutionary-fish-shallow-ocean.html L. Sallan and others, 2018, "The nearshore cradle of early vertebrate diversification," Science 26 Oct 2018: Vol. 362, Issue 6413, pp. 460-464 DOI: 10.1126/science.aar3689 http://science.sciencemag.org/content/362/6413/460 https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2018AM/webprogram/Paper323310.html Yours, Paul H.
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Many FFM's know of Niles Eldredge by way of the recently erected genus of Eldregeops and particularly Eldregeops rana. (Penn Dixie site and others.) Eldrege studied the then Phacops rana. LINK below. The book's subtitle is “ THE GREAT DEBATE AT THE HIGH TABLE OF EVOLUTIONARY THEORY”. I didn't know of “THE GREAT DEBATE' and am taking the account as the history and “state of the science” of evolutionary theory. Published in 1995, there is apparently much subsequent development of the theory and science involved. Cheers , G Systematics and evolution of Phacops rana (Green, 1832) and Phacops iowensis Delo, 1935 (Trilobita) from the Middle Devonian of North America. Bulletin of the AMNH ; v. 147, article 2 Eldredge, Niles URI: http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1095 Date: 1972
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https://phys.org/news/2018-09-tiny-fossils-reveal-essential-successful.html https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-6176315/Shrinking-helped-early-mammals-survive-200-million-years-ago.html
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New research suggests evolution might favor 'survival of the laziest' August 21, 2018, University of Kansas http://news.ku.edu/2018/08/15/new-research-suggests-evolution-might-favor-‘survival-laziest’ https://phys.org/news/2018-08-evolution-favor-survival-laziest.html Luke C. Strotz, Erin E. Saupe, Julien Kimmig, and Bruce S. Lieberman, 2018, Metabolic rates, climate and macroevolution: a case study using Neogene molluscs. Proceedings of the Royal Academy B Published 22 August 2018.DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2018.1292 http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/285/1885/20181292 Yours, Paul H.
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Trying to find the predecessors to the cretolamna shark and completing an evolution display
mattbsharks posted a topic in General Fossil Discussion
This is a brief evolution circle I threw together of the megalodon lineage. I’m going to put in better condition specimens of angustidens and cretolamna at some point. I was hoping to trace the lineage back even further if possible- 12 replies
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I got to spend the day today talking about evolution and fossils with 9 freshman biology classes. It was a lot of fun. Kids these days are smart and ask some well thought out questions.
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part one cavaliersmithrslrstb20150476.pdf (less than 0,8 Mb) The name of the author, one of the big thinkers on the phylogenies of several phyla,was one of the things that attracted me to this piece part two:the response DufourMcIlroydiscussommerslcambrianeventexplosioediaca2017.pdf less than 1 Mb outtake: outtake from the response:
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New Research on Coleoid Cephalopod Evolution and Taphonomy
Oxytropidoceras posted a topic in Fossil News
Shedding new light on the evolution of the squid University of Bristol, February 28, 2017 https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/02/170228222814.htm The paper is: Tanner, A.R., Fuchs, D., Winkelmann, I.E., Gilbert, M.T.P., Pankey, M.S., Ribeiro, Â.M., Kocot, K.M., Halanych, K.M., Oakley, T.H., da Fonseca, R.R. and Pisani, D., 2017, March. Molecular clocks indicate turnover and diversification of modern coleoid cephalopods during the Mesozoic Marine Revolution. In Proc. R. Soc. B (Vol. 284, No. 1850, p. 20162818). The Royal Society. http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/284/1850/20162818 PDF files: https://curis.ku.dk/ws/files/180602001/Tanner_2017_Molecular_clocks.pdf http://b3.ifrm.com/30233/130/0/p3002384/Molecular_clocks_indicate_turnover_and_diversification_of_modern_coleoid_cephalopods_during_the_Mesozoic_Marine_Revolution.pdf http://static-curis.ku.dk/portal/files/180602001/Tanner_2017_Molecular_clocks.pdf A related paper is: Clements, T., Colleary, C., De Baets, K. and Vinther, J., 2017. Buoyancy mechanisms limit preservation of coleoid cephalopod soft tissues in Mesozoic Lagerstätten. Palaeontology, 60(1), pp. 1-14. http://www.bristol.ac.uk/earthsciences/people/jakob-vinther/pub/94029132 PDF files: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/efc5/e8c2e2e3eda2561feb1e4234afe2b7a4e254.pdf https://www.researchgate.net/publication/312524043_Data_from_Buoyancy_mechanisms_limit_preservation_of_coleoid_cephalopod_soft_tissues_in_Mesozoic_Lagerstatten_Dryad_Digital_Repository https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kenneth_De_Baets https://research-information.bristol.ac.uk/files/107708089/Clements_et_al_2017_Palaeontology.pdf Yours, Paul H.- 2 replies
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