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HI, I purchased this Unidentified theropod tooth a few years ago from a seller that sold it as a "Raptor" tooth. It is from the Kem Kem beds from Morocco, during the late Cretaceous Period. It is 1.3 Centimetres (1/2 inch) long. The seller also mentioned that it may likely be from an Abelisaurid. I think that it is most likely an Abelisaurid tooth and I am looking forward to updating it's identification tag in my collection. Yet I need to be certain that I am correctly identifying this tooth. What are your thoughts about what this tooth could be? I apologize if I spelled/addressed the names incorrectly and I would thank you for the correction. Feel free to ask for better quality pictures if you need any.
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Excellent paper that examines the geology and paleontology of what they call the Kem Kem Group that includes the lower Gara Sbaa and upper Douira formations . I will add that the authors view of the dinosaur assemblage in this fauna does not agree with recent publications from other paleontologists. Great images of croc teeth, dinosaur teeth and claws. It even discusses "that some geographic names are simple errors that gain traction in secondary citations. In a prominent compilation of dinosaur localities, for example, the term “Tegana Formation” was cited for the “Kem Kem beds” (Weishampel et al. 1990). This may have arisen as a misspelling of the “Tegama Group”, a name for Cretaceous age beds in Niger. Although the error was noted (Sereno et al. 1996), it has reappeared in subsequent publications (e.g., Bailey 1997, Kellner and Mader 1997, Taverne and Masey 1999, Weishampel et al. 2004)" Article ...PDF in that article is +100mb https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/47517/
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Wow three more Pterosaurs from the Kem Kem and all toothed one premaxilla is similar to the English ornithocheirid Ornithocheirus simus. Currently identified as Ornithocheirus cf simus. The other a premaxilla is referred to Coloborhynchus, bearing similarities to C. clavirostris from the Hastings Group of southern England, and C. fluviferox from the Kem Kem beds. Identified as Coloborhynchus sp. A. A mandibular symphysis closely resembles that of Anhanguera piscator from the Romualdo Member of the Santana Formation of Brazil. Identified as Anhanguera cf piscator In total, the Kem Kem pterosaur fauna includes at least nine species, of which three are ornithocheirids. Paywalled but check out the outline to see images of the jaw sections https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0195667119303258
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A short paper and article on sauropod teeth from North Africa. Nothing new just more info. Paper https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338689936_Sauropod_dinosaur_fossils_from_the_Kem_Kem_and_extended_'Continental_Intercalaire'_of_North_Africa_A_review Article: https://theconversation.com/what-we-learned-from-dinosaur-teeth-in-north-africa-130894
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This bone was purchased a while ago from a Moroccan dealer. Could come from the Kem Kem beds although I have not found the typical attachment of sediment to this bone, therefore my doubt about the origin. According to the dealer it is from a dinosaur. Can anyone confirm this?
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Quite a while ago, I made a post talking about Kem Kem Pterosaurs, well since then I got more information, and new Information has been published. I specifically want to talk about Teeth. Now, the only toothed Pterosaurs we are aware off in Kem Kem are Ornithocheiraens, the clade that includes Ornithocheirids (not in all Versions though), Targaryendraconids, Cimoliopterids, Anhanguerids and Hamipterids. All of these besides Hamipterids and Cimoliopterids are possibly present in Kem Kem. So in my last post I claimed that the Teeth you can find should be labelled as Coloborhynchinae indet. based on the fact that Sirrocopteryx, and Coloborhynchus fluviferox are the only known Ornithicheiraens from Kem Kem, this was wrong. There are 5, or possibly 6 Taxa of Ornithocheiraen present in the Kem Kem Beds, I can only go into detail with 4. Sirrocopteryx: Now Sirrocopteryx is an interesting case, I have heard claims of it being an Anhanguerid, but as of now, I cant confidently say this to be true, so I will stay with the identification of it being a Coloborhynchine Ornithocheirid. Now, what Ornithocheirids have Teeth we can reference? Ferrodraco and Mythunga. (Image 1 in order) We can see roughly triangular very robust teeth in Mythunga, or rather long conical teeth that are still very robust. Image 2 is a Pterosaur Tooth which was sold on FossilEra, and it may most likely reflect Sirrocopteryx, but.... Coloborhynchus fluviferox: This is another Coloborhynchine from the Kem Kem Beds, it also is the largest Ornithocheiraen in Kem Kem, due to it's existence it's probably better to identify your Teeth of this Morphotype as Coloborhynchinae indet. Anhangueridae: Wellnhofer and Buffetaut, 1999 describe a very interesting Pterosaur tooth, "The teeth of morphotype IV are very ro- bust, large and recurved. In cross-section the teeth are rounded lingually, but flattened labially. A carina is de- veloped only along the posterior edge. The enamel pat- tern varies, but, in general, appears to be similar to the pattern of the other morphotypes. The surface of the enamel is smooth. The flattened labial surface of the den- tine is slightly wrinkled. The rounded surface of the lingual side is sculptured by fine, parallel, longitudinal striae and wrinkles. The length of the teeth preserved ranges from 28 to 39 mm." (Image 3) Wellnhofer claims these Teeth could be tentatively reffered to Anhanguera, but Anhangueridae indet. is preffered here. Targaryendraconidae: In (Pêgas et al. 2019) the Taxon Targaryendraco got described, which formed the basis of a new pterosaur family, Targaryendraconidae, in the same paper they describe "[...] are several isolated teeth that are elongate, striated, slightly recurved and elliptical in cross-section; including specimens from the Kem-Kem Beds, Cenomanian of Morocco" (Image 4) This is it, till the other new Taxa get published I cant say anything more, but I hope this post was useful to some. References: Rodrigo V. Pêgas, Borja Holgado & Maria Eduarda C. Leal (2019): On Targaryendracowiedenrothi gen. nov. (Pterodactyloidea, Pteranodontoidea, Lanceodontia) and recognition of a new cosmopolitan lineage of Cretaceous toothed pterodactyloids, Historical Biology, DOI: 10.1080/08912963.2019.1690482 Pterosaur remains from the Cretaceous of Morocco PETER WELLNHOFER, Mtinchen & ERIC BUFFETAUT, Paris A new species of Coloborhynchus (Pterosauria, Ornithocheiridae) from the mid-Cretaceous of North Africa Megan L Jacobs, David M Martill, Nizar Ibrahim, Nick Longrich
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Hi all, I have another fossil here for your inspection please. It seems to be a Spinosaurid partial neural spine but I cannot be sure. @Troodon @LordTrilobite
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Hi all, I acquired a partial Spinosauridae caudal spine recently from the Kem Kem Beds. However, I was told that this is a dinosauria indet. rib. The digger who provided me the fossil is experienced and trustworthy. Still, I would like to hear your thoughts on this fossil. Thank you. EDIT: Two others suggested that this is part of a scapula
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A very interesting paper authored some notable paleontologists. I was able to see a copy of the pre-proof paper. It describes 2 new cervical vertebrae and also reviews published material that provided an interesting insite into the Abelisauroids of the Kem Kem. Abelisauroids include both Abelisauridae and Noasauridae families. To summarize some of the conclusions: 1) One of the cervicals FSAC-KK-5016 established the presence of a small-bodied noasaurid taxon with similarities to Masiakasaurus of Madagascar. Further discoveries of this noasaurid are necessary to determine if it resembles Masiakasaurus in other aspects of its anatomy, such as a piscivory adapted dentition. One small tooth (GZG.V.19999), described by Richter et al. (2013) as abelisaurid-like was noted as similar to the teeth of Masiakasaurus. If Deltadromeus proves to be a noasaurid, which the paper suggest, then there are at least two noasaurid taxa present in the Kem Kem assemblage. 2) The second cervical an axis vertebra FSAC-KK-5015 is referred to as a small basal Abelisauridae that is neither a Carnotaurinae nor Majungasaurinae. 3) In reference to Richters et al paper (2013) the authors concluded that multivariate analysis may not be suitable for distinguishing dromaeosaurids or abelisaurids, but added that the small sample size (3 teeth for the morphotype: NMB-1671-R; GZG.V.19997; GZG.V.19998) decreased the accuracy of the results. It is possible that the teeth referred to Dromaeosauridae by Richter et al. (2013) are also noasaurid in origin. 4) A review of previously published material was also conducted and the following statement was made "The abelisaurid Rugops from the Eckhar Formation of Niger is here confirmed to also be present in the Kem Kem beds. " very cool... Paywalled https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0195667119303738 Abelisauroid cervical vertebrae from the Cretaceous Kem Kem beds of Southern Morocco and a review of Kem Kem abelisauroids Robert S. H. Smyth, Nizar Ibrahima, Alexander Kao, David M. Martill FSAC-KK-5016 represents the smallest described dinosaur in the K K (green) FSAC-KK-5015 represents a small bodied Abelisauridae (blue)
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We did a lot more work on our shark stuff this summer than dinosaurs but we did change how display the non touch fossils. We added a few new items too but stayed light on additions. First up is our updated Cretaceous North Africa display. We added a really nice theropod tooth that fits @Troodon ‘s Morph Type 4 Dromaeosaurid-like profile hence the label for the program. We explain the ID difficulties of fossils so for a tooth like this they know we are not sure of what critter had this tooth. I am pretty happy with how this one looks. We give a nice picture of Cretaceous North Africa from two different times. This is an important part of our program and we have some nice fossils I think. We also have two touch fossils with this section. A limb bone that we go with Spino as the critter and one is a theropod very that we use to talk about Deltadromeus.
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Hello, so I was thinking about buying this piece but i would love it if I could remove the matrix from it to make it look better. Is this possible? Thanks-
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Carcharodontosaurus tooth.
anastasis008 posted a topic in Is It Real? How to Recognize Fossil Fabrications
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Although the paper is paywalled the abstract provides some interesting insights The hypothesized aquatic habits of Spinosaurus have been called into question, and the distribution of aquatic habits within Spinosauridae remain unclear. New spinosaurid specimens from the Kem Kem beds of Morocco reveal aquatic adaptations in the cranium. 1) Elevated orbits and bending of the frontals placed the eyes atop the skull, as in semiaquatic animals such as crocodiles and hippos. 2) Two morphologies are present, a smaller morph characterized by narrow, triangular frontals, and a larger morph characterized by broad, subrectangular frontals overlapping the prefrontals. The two morphs suggest two distinct spinosaurine taxa, and are tentatively referred to the spinosaurines Spinosaurus cf. aegyptiacus and Sigilmassasaurus brevicollis, respectively Another interesting point in the abstract: The appearance of giant semiaquatic dinosaurs may have followed the disappearance of giant pholidosaurid crocodylomorphs, suggesting that the extinction of large crocodylomorphs was associated with the rise of dinosaurs as apex predators in the freshwater ecosystem in North Africa. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0195667117303427 Aquatic adaptation in the skull of carnivorous dinosaurs (Theropoda: Spinosauridae) and the evolution of aquatic habits in spinosaurus Thomas M.S.Arden, Catherine G.Klein, SamirZouhri, Nicholas R.Longrich From outline images frontals are shown. @LordTrilobite
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Hello! I have this bone which i recieved in a lot, all bones and remains were advertised as from the Kem Kem Beds. It seems to be hollow, I think it may be crocodile? Thanks in advance for your input, could it be dinosaur? Reptile? Thanks!
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Hi, Another question about a foot claw from the Kem Kem Beds. This is a weird looking claw that may or may not be theropod. It is quite robust and is 7cm in length, though i am having trouble telling which angles of the claw the photos come from. It does look like the underside has a couple of circular depression spots which could indicate theropod, though i am not confident and wanted to ask for opinions whether theropod is the likely candidate. Thanks.
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I have been working on finding a Dromaeosaur indet tooth from Morocco for a few months. Most of the "raptor" teeth from the Kem Kem beds I have seen labeled as such ended up being more similar to the Abelisaur indet teeth and those I have found were over priced or gone before I could get then. This one is different and appears to fit the general profile of what I am looking for pretty well. I do not think it is a Carch and it does not look like an Abelisaur either. At the very minimum, and hopefully @Troodon agrees with me, it seems a good candidate for a multi-variant analysis. Any thoughts ?
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Kem Kem Material For Sale
Troodon posted a topic in Is It Real? How to Recognize Fossil Fabrications
There is quite of bit Kem Kem dinosaur material coming on the market and some of it quite good. Will try address the identification issue on some items so at least you will know what your bidding on. This appears to match quite well with a Spinosaurid ilium, seller calls it a pelvic bone. Looks quite nice, complete with a concern are the areas circled in white. Not sure it's bone or matrix. Seller does comment on filled fractures and some are visible but that should not detract from the piece. What the seller is offering here is a Spinosaurus phalanx and claw toe bones. What I believe you have here is a Spinosaurid foot claw and a carpal (hand bone). So think about this listing as two separate bones not associated in any way. This is a listing of a Spinosaurus complete finger with claw. What I believe you have are 3 carpals from a Spinosaurid that are completely unassociated and are not a good match as a composite. Hard to say much about the claw other that it appears to be a foot claw of what cannot determine with photos provided. Again like the one above if you're interested in this bid it as 4 separate items. Seller has this as a Spinosaurus phalanx toe bone. I find it difficult to call this one since its a partial but looks more like a carpal. I dont think you can ID this to any specific critter, not much diagnostic and we know so little. Seller is offering these as 4 Spinosaurus phalanx toe bones. The two on the left look like carpals, probably from a Spinosaurid. The one on the far right is a phalanx but it's hard to determine from what dinosaur. The second from the right to fragmented to say. Seller here has 4 Spinosaurus phalanx toe bone for sale. They are toe bones and may be from Spinosaurid but who knows there are lots of other theropods in this region and identifying isolated bones is very difficult. If interested they should be identified as theropod indeterminate. Being offered as a Spinosaurus phalanx toe bone. It might be from a Spinosaurid but have same comments as above- 28 replies
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Acquired from a British fossil dealer in November 2018. Labeled Carcharodontosauridae indent. due to the presence of at least two carcharodontosaurids (Carcharodontosaurus saharicus and Sauroniops pachytholus) in the Kem Kem Beds.
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I've been looking for Moroccan pterosaur teeth, and have found this one from the Kem Kem beds for sale. I know there's fish teeth being sold as pterosaur teeth so I wanted to ask if anyone out there could confirm whether this is from a pterosaur? Thanks!
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Recently I posted this fossil in the fossil preparations forum in order to get some assistance in cleaning the fossil. The bone comes from the Kem Kem Beds, so the sandy matrix was fairly easy to pick off with a pin vice and a DRY toothbrush I believe this is Carcharodontosaur because of the amount of space between tooth sockets and the presence of labial foramina (both of these features outlined in photographs) but I'm not 100% sure. The size of the fossil is 6x3x1 inches. I've been driving myself nuts trying to figure out what this thing is, so I've decided to post it here because I'm all out of ideas
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Recently I acquired this 7x3 inch bone from the Kem Kem Beds (seller specifically labeled it as coming from Tegana Formation, but I know this formation is no longer valid). When I received the bone I saw that it was covered in spots of sand, so I found my box of exacto knives and went to work. I spent all last night picking off any sand I could find and I think I got most of it. However, the bone is still quite dirty looking and my exacto knives cannot pick off any of the remaining sand-colored material. My first thought was to soak the whole thing in water but I once heard that soaking Moroccan fossils in water can ruin them. What should be my next move? Thanks for any suggestions!
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I was given this by my father as a gift. All he knows, is is it is from the Kem Kem Beds. It looks like it may be a jaw bone on some kind as it has indentations for what looks like teeth? But I can't decide on if it's from a fish, turtle, crocodile, dinosaur or reptile or if it's just a fragmentary piece of bone. I would appreciate it if anyone can shed any light on this! Huge thanks in advance .
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Red Flags with Kem Kem Material
Troodon posted a topic in Is It Real? How to Recognize Fossil Fabrications
This week's red flags This bone is being sold as a neural spine of a reptile or dinosaur. It's actually a pretty complete Chevron and could be dinosaurian. Needs lots of prepping to clean it up. Lots of Dromaeosaur raptor teeth being sold. All are either Abelisaurid indet or juvie Carcharodontosaurid Lots of caudal Vertebrae being sold as Spinosaurus or Carcharodontosaurus, most are Crocodyliforms, unknown or other Dino so post here before you buy Lots of rare phalanx toe bones from Dinosaurs or reptiles being sold this week. Most are Reptlian, Croc or turtle.- 2 replies
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A recent interpretation of the fossil remains Spinosaurus aegyptiacus proposed that it was specially adapted for a semi-aquatic mode of life—a first for any predatory dinosaur. To test some aspects of this suggestion this study developed a three-dimensional, digital model of the animal that incorporates regional density variations, lungs and air sacs, and the flotation potential of the model was investigated using specially written software. It was found that Spinosaurus would have been able to float with its head clear of the water surface, although it was laterally unstable and would tend to roll onto its side. The conclusion is that Spinosaurus was not highly specialized for a semi-aquatic mode of life. Furthermore, the floating characteristics of the Spinosaurus model were similar to those of models of other predatory dinosaurs, indicating that there was nothing special about the buoyant characteristics of this animal, and that other theropods could have successfully taken to water to the same degree as well. So Spinosaurus may have been specialized for a shoreline or shallow water mode of life, but would still have been a competent terrestrial animal. Interesting paper, very reputable and a big deal considering the source, The Royal Tyrrell Museum. Newspaper Article: Royal Tyrrell Research Blows Swimming Dinosaur out of the water https://calgaryherald.com/news/local-news/royal-tyrrell-research-blows-swimming-dinosaur-theory-out-of-the-water https://peerj.com/articles/5409/ Henderson DM. (2018) A buoyancy, balance and stability challenge to the hypothesis of a semi-aquatic Spinosaurus Stromer, 1915 (Dinosauria: Theropoda)PeerJ 6:e5409 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5409
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